THE  OKDO  SERIES  OF  CLASSICS. 

PUBLISHED   BY 

HENRY  HOLT  &  CO.,  NEW  YORK. 


I. 

CESAR'S  COMMENTARIES  (W  THE  GALLIC  WAR, 

With  JJatin    Ordo  and  Notes. 
12mo,  half  roan,  $1.25. 

II. 

CICERO'S  SELECT' ORATIONS.     . 

With  JLatin  Ordo  and  Notes. 
12mo,  half  roan,  $1.50. 

III. 

IN    PREPARATION,    ON   A    SIMILAR   PLAN,    AND   TO    BE 
SOON  PUBLISHED, 

VIKGIL'S    ^ENEID. 


With  the  favor  of  the  public,  the  series  will  be  ex- 
tended so  as  to  include  the  Latin  and  Greek  Classics 
in  general  use.  The  whole  will  be  presented  in  a 
uniform  edition  of  attractive  typography  and  con- 
venient shape  and  arrangement. 


THE  ORDO  SERIES.     II. 


>  SELECT    ORATIONS 


M.    T.  .  C  I  C  E  R  O , 


ACCOMPANIED  WITH  A  LATIN   ORDO,    AND   ILLUSTRATED 

WITH  ENGLISH   NOTES,    EXPLANATORY 

AND   CRITICAL. 


By     CHARLES     WILEY,    D.  D 

Rector  of  Montrose  Classical. and  Military  School. 


Ordinis  hcec  virtus  erlt  et  venus,  aid  ego  fallor, 
Utjam  nunc  dicat,jam  nunc  debentia  did. 

—  Kor. 


NEW    YORK 
HENRY    HOLT   AND   COMPANY 

1874 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1873,  by 

JOHN  WILEY  &  SON, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  ft 


John  F.  Trow  &  Son,  Printers 
205-213  East  12TH  St.,  New  York. 


fault  /fay 

l$7Y       L\TDEX. 

'flW _ 

PAOE. 

I.    The    Original    Tact  <>f  <  (%cero 1 

1.  The  First  Oration  against  Catiline 1-12 

2.  The  Second   Oration  against  Catiline 13-24 

3.  The  Third  Oration   against  Catiline 25-36 

4.  The   Fourth  Oration  against  Catiline 37-47 

5.  The  Oration  in  behalf  of  T.  Annius  Milo 48-83 

6.  The  Oration  in  behalf  of  A.  Licinius  Archias 84-95 

II    The  Transformed   Text  of  Cicero  in  Accordance 

i'-ifh'the  English    Order. .  , 97 

1.  Introduction  to  the  Four  Orations  against  Catiline.  99-101 

2.  Ordo    and    Notes  to    the   'First    Oration     against 

Catiline 103-12:5 

3.  Ordo    and   Notes  to  the    Second   Oration   against 

Catiline 124-142 

4.  Ordo    and    Notes   to    the   Third    Oration    against 

Catiline 143-162 

5.  Ordo    and  Notes  to    the   Fourth   Oration  against 

Catiline 163-181 

(;.  Introduction  to  the  Oration  in  behalf  of  T.  Annius 

Milo • LS2-1M 

7.  Ordo   and   Notes   to  the  Oration  in  behalf   of   T. 

Annius  Milo 185-24$ 

8.  Introduction  to  the  Oration  in  behalf  of  A.  Licinius 

Archias .  .  .250-25 1 

9.  Notes  to    the    Oration   in  behalf   of   A.    Licinius 

Archias. .     252-260 


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PREFACE. 




The  present  edition  of  Cicero  is  on  the  same  plan 
with  the  volume  of  Caesar  already  published — the 
ordinary  text  in  the  front  part  of  the  volume,  the  trans- 
formed text  or  Ordo  at  the  end,  and  English  notes  con- 
nected with  the  latter.  The  notes  of  the  Cicero  are 
somewhat  more  extended  than  thoSe  of  Caesar,  on 
account  of  the  ideas  of  the  orations  being  of  a  more 
abstract  character,  and  not  so  level  to  the  ordinary 
comprehension  of  boys.  In  selecting  the  orations  to 
be  illustrated,  the  editor  chose  the  four  orations  against 
Catiline,  as  being  in  a  manner  indispensable,  both  on 
account  of  their  own  merit,  and  as  the  counterpart  and 
complement  of  Sallust's  history  of  Catiline's  Con- 
spiracy ;  to  these  he  has  added  the  defence  of  Milo,  as 
being  by  far  the  most  elaborate  of  Cicero's  orations, 
and  embodying,  in  a  careful  and  thorough  preparation, 
the  best  and  most  consummate  expression  of  the  great 
abilities  of  the  orator ;  and  lastly,  the  oration  in  be- 
half of  Archias,  as  containing  a  delightful  exhibition 
of  Cicero's  enthusiastic  devotion  to  literature  and  fer- 
vent interest  in  the  cause  of  liberal  learning. 

In  this,  as  in  the  former  volume,  the  editor  has  kept 
in  view  not  any  accumulation  of  learned  matter,  nor 
the  introduction  of  incidental  and  only  remotely  related 
topics,  such  as  might  be  of  interest  to  the  teacher, 
though  they  seldom  engage  the  attention  of  unthought- 


Vlll  PREFACE. 

ful  boys  ;  but  only  what  directly  aids  the  pupil  in  get- 
ting his  allotted  task  of  translation  and  analysis  from 
day  to  day. 

For  the  reasons  which  have  prompted  him  to  furnish 
an  Ordo  as  a  specific  feature  of  the  series,  the  editor 
refers  to  the  preface  to  his  Caesar,  and  here  reproduces 
a  part  of  the  same. 

1.  Through  the  Latin  Ordo  as  well  as  the  original 
text  the  pupil  is  kept  in  constant  communication  with 
the  very  words  of  the  original  classic.  He  is  conversant 
all  the  time  with  a  pure  Latin  phraseology.  In  this 
respect  the  use  of  an  Ordo  is  to  be  preferred  to  the 
device  of  a  Latin,  paraphrase,  adopted  in  the  Delphini 
Editions  of  the  Classics,  which  to  the  early  student  is 
sometimes  as  obscure  as  the  original  text,  and  offers  to 
him  a  double  task  of  translation — one  of  the  classical 
Latin,  and  another  of  the  paraphrase  itself,  of  modern 
and  sometimes  of  doubtful  Latinity. 

2.  With  the  assistance  of  the  Ordo  and  the  diligent 
use  of  Lexicon  and  Grammar,  the  student  can  approach 
his  lessons  with  some  assurance  of  success.  He  will 
have  a  more  confident  feeling  that  he  can  get  his  own 
lesson ;  and  no  longer  be  discouraged  by  having  to 
encounter,  besides  other  difficulties,  the  intricacies  of 
an  involved  and  inverted  phraseology.  He  will  be 
under  less  temptation  to  resort  to  English  translations 
t>r  to  look  to  others  for  assistance  in  his  work. 

3.  With  the  use  of  the  Ordo  the  student  will  be  able 
to  traverse  more  preparatory  ground  of  a  Latin  course 
in  the  same  space  of  time.  In  the  view  of  the  editor  a 
foreign  tongue,  ancient  or  modern,  is  not  to  be  learned 
so  well  in  its  usus  loquendi  and  its  idioms,  by  confining 
the  attention  with  critical  examination  to  a  small  por- 
tion of  the  language,  as  by  much,  and  continual  reading 


PREFACE.  1  \ 

of  the  language  in  its  various  authorship.  This,  of 
coarse,  is  much  facilitated  by  the  use  of  an  Ordo  in  the 
earlier  stages  of  a  Latin  collide. 

4.  More  time  can  be  given  to  the  enlargement  of  the 
vocabulary,  to  the  familiarizing  of  forms,  to  syntax  and 
analysis,  where  less  is  taken  up  in  extricating  the  puzzle 
and  complication  of  the  Latin  order  as  it  presents  itself 
to  the  beginner.  Relief  at  that  point,  such  as  is  aff<  m  led 
by  a  carefully  prepared  Ordoy  leaves  opportunity  for 
a  more  rapid  advancement  at  every  other,  whilst  the 
difficulties  that  remain  to  be  surmounted  are  sufficient 
to  give  ample  scope  to  discipline  and  mental  in vigo ra- 
tion. 

C.  A. 


V 


I  V  EttSITY    0 

CALIFORNIA 


V 


IN 

L.   C  ATILIN  AM 

ORATIO   PRIMA 
IIABITA   IN  SENATU. 


I.  1.  Quousque  tandem  ab'utere,  Catilina,  patientia  nos- 
tra? Quamdiu  etiam  furor  iste  tuns  nos  eludet?  Quern 
ad  finem  sese  effrenata  jactabit  audacia  ?  Nihilne  te  noc- 
turnum  praesidium  Palatii,  nihil  urbis  vigiliae,  nihil  timor 
populi,  nihil  concursus  bonorunY omnium,  nihil  hie  munitis- 
simus  habendi  senatus  locus",  nihil  horum  ora  vultusque 
moverunt?  JPatere  tua  consilia  non  sentis?  Constrict  am 
jam  horum  omnTum  conscientia  teneri  conjurationem  tuam 
non  vides  ?  Quid  proxima,  quid  superiore  nocte  egeris,  ubi 
fueris,  quos  convocaveris,  quid  consilii  ceperis,  quern  nostrum 
ignorare  arbitraris  ?  \  2.  O  tempora  !  O  mores  !  Senatus 
haec  intelligit,  consul  videt :  hie  tamen  vivit.  Vivit  ? 
Immo  vero  etiam  in  senatum  venit :  fit  publici  consilii  par- 
ticeps:  notat  et  designat  oculis  ad  caedem  unum  quemque 
nostrum.  Nos  autem,  viri  fortes,  satisfacere  rei  publicae 
videmur,  si  istius  furorem  ac  tela  vitemus.  Ad  mortem  te, 
Catilina,  duci  jussu  consulis  jampridem  oportebat ;  in  te  «-^ 
conferri  pestem  istam,  quam  tu  in  nos  omnes  jamdiu  machi- 
naris.  3.  An  vero  vir  amplissimus,  P.  Scipio,  pontifex 
maximus,  Ti.  Gracchum  mediocriter  labefactantem  statum 
rei  publicae  privatus  interfecit :  Catilinam  orbem  terrao 
1 


2  ORA.TIO    I.    IN    CATILINA3I. 

caede  atque  incendiis  vastare  cupientem,  nos  consules  per- 
fe  re  in  us  ?  -  Nam  ilia  nimis  antiqua  praetereo,  quod  0.  Ser- 
vilius  Ahala,  Sp.  Maelium  no  vis  rebus  studentem,  maim  sua 
oceTdit.  Fuit,fuit  ista  quondam  in  liac  re  publica  virtus,  ut 
viri  mites  acrioribus  suppliciis  civem  perniciosum,  quam 
acerbissimum  hostenl  coercerent.  Habemus  senatus  corisul- 
tum  in  te,  Uatilina,  veLemens  et  grave  :  non  deest,  rei  pub- 
licae  consilium,  neque  auctoritas  hujus  ordinis*  nos,  nos, 
dico  aperte,  consules  desumus. 

II.  4.  Decrevit  quondam  senatus,  ut  L.  Opimius 'consuj 
videret,  ne  quid  res  publica  detrimenti  caperet.  Nox  nulla 
intercessit :  interfectus  est  propter  quasdam  seditionum  sus- 
piciones  C.  Gracchus  clarissimo  patre,  avo,  majoribus;  bCci-* 
sus  est  cum  liberis  M.  Fulvius  consularis.-  Simili  senatus 
consulto  C.  Mario  et  L.  Yalerio  consulibus  est  permissa  res 
pubEcai  Num  uimm  diem  postea  L.  Saturninum  tribunum 
}>lebis,  et  C.  Servilium  praetorem  mors  ac  rei  publicae  poena 
remorata  est?  At  vero  nos  vicesimum  jam  diem  patinmr 
hebescere  aciem  liofum  auctoritatis.  Habemus  enim  liujus- 
modi  senatus  consultum,  verumtam^n  inclusum  in  tabulis, 
tamquam  in  vagina  reconditum,:  quo  ex  senatus  consulto 
confestim  interfectum  te  esse,  Catilina,  convenit.  Yivis  :  et 
vivis  non  ad  deponendam,  sed  ad  confirmandam  audaciam. 
Cupio,  Patres  conscripti,  me  esse  clementem  ;  cupio  in  tan- 
tis  rei  publicae  periculis  me  non  dissolutum  videri ;  sed  jam 
me  ipsum  inertiae  nequitiaeque  condemno.  5.  Castra  sunt 
in  Italia  contra  rem  publicam  in  Etruriae  faucibus  collo- 
cata :  crescit  in  dies  singulos  hostium  numerus :  eorum 
autem  castrorum  imperatorem,  ducemque  hostium  intra 
moenia  atque  adeo  in  senatu  videmus,  intestinam  aliquam 
quotidie  perniciem  rei  publicae  molientem.  ^Si  te  jam,  Cati- 
lina, comprehendi,  si  interfici  jussero  *  credo,  erit  verendum 
milii,  lie  non  hoc  potius  omnes  boni  serius  a  me,  quam  quis- 
quam  ciudelius  factum  esse  dicati  )  Yerum  ego  hoc,  quod 
jampridem  factum  esse  oportuit,  certa  de  causa  nondum 
adducor,  ut  faciam.      Turn  denique  intern ciam  te,  quum  jam 


oKATIO    I.    IN    CAT1I. IN  A.M.  3 

nemo    tain    iinprobns,  lam  pmlitas,  (am    tui   similis  invcniri 

poterit,  oui  id  oon  jure  factum  esse  fateatur.     r>.  Quamdiu 

quisquam  erit,  qui  te  defendere  audeat,  vivea:  Bed  vivos  ita, 

ut  vivis,  nmltis  meis  et  firinis  pracsidiis  obfteSBUB,  no  com- 
movere  te  contra  rem  publicam  possis,  Multorum  te  etian 
(u-uii  el  auirs  Don  Bentientem,  sicut  adhuc  feoerunt,  Bpecula- 
buntur  atque  oustodient. 

III.  Etenim  quid  est,  Catilina,  quod  jam  ainplius  exspec- 
tes,  si  neque  nox  tenebria  obscurare  coetus  nefarios,  ncc  pri- 
vat  a  doinus  parietibus  continere  voces  conjurationis  tuae 
potest?  Si  illustrantur,  si  erumpunt  omnia?  Muta  jam 
istam  mentem,  milii  crede  :  obliviscere  caedis  atque  incendi- 
orum.  Teneris  undique  :  luce  sunt  clariora  nobis  tua  con- 
silia  omnia  :  quae  jam  meciini  licet,  recognoscas.  7.  MeVwi- 
nistine  me  ante  diem  XII.  Kalendas  Novembres  dicere  in 
senatu,  fore  in  armis  certo  die,  qui  dies  futurus  essot 
diem  VI.  Kal.  Novembres,  C.  Manlium,  audaciae  satelJitem 
atque  administrum  tuae?  Num  nnBfefellit^  Catilina,  non 
modo  res  tanta,  tarn  atrox,  tani  incredibilis,  verum,  id  quod 
mul to  magis  est  admirandiim,  dies  ?  Dixi  ego  idem  in  sena- 
tu, caedem  te  optimatium  contulisse  in  ante  diem  V.  Kalen- 
das Novembres,  turn,  quum  multi  principes  civitatis  Koma, 
non  tarn  su^eonsci -\  audi,  quam  tuorum  consiliorum  repri- 
niendorum  causa  profugerunt.  Num  infitiari  potes  te  illo 
ipso  die  meis  praesidiis,  mea  diligentia  circumclusum,  com- 
movere  te  contra  rem  publicam  non  potuisse,  quum  tu,  dis- 
cessu  ceterorum,  nostra  tamen,  qui  remansissemus,  caede 
contentum  te  esse  dicebas  ?  8.  Quid?  quum  tu  te  Praeneste 
Kalendis  ipsis  Novembribus  occupaturum"  nocturno  impetu 
esse  confideresv:  sensistine  illam  coloniam  meo  jussu,  meis 
praesidiis,  custodiis,  vigiliisque  esse  munitam  ?  Nihil  agis, 
nihil  moliris,  nihil  cogitas,  quod  ego  non  modo  aud^ain,  sed 
etiam  videam  plane*  pie  sentiam.  y 
/  IV.  Recognosce  tandem  niecum  noctem  illam  superio- 
rem:  jam  intelliges  multo  me  vigilare  acrius  ad  salutem 
quam  te  ad  perniciem  rei  publicae.     Dico  te  priore  nocte 


4:  OliATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM. 

venisse  inter  falcarios  (non  agam  obscure),  in  M.  Laecae 
domum :  convenisse  eodem  complures  ejusdem  amentiae 
scelerisque  socios.  Num  negare  audes  ?  Quid  taces  ? 
Convincam,  si  negas.  Video  enim  esse  hie  in  senatu  quos- 
dam,  qui  tecum  una  fuerunt.  9.  O  dii  immortalcs  !  ubinam 
gentium  sumus?  Quam  rem  publicam  habemus?  In  qua 
urbe  vivimus  ?  Hie,  hie  sunt,  nostro  in  numero  Patres  con- 
scripti,  in  hoc  orbis  terrae  sanctissimo  gravissimoque  con- 
silio,  qui  de  nostro  omnium  interitu,  qui  de  hujus  urbis 
atque  adeo  orbis  terrarum  exitio  cogitent.  Hosce  ego  video 
consul,  et  de  re  publica  sententiam  rogo  ! )  Et,  quos  ferro 
trucidari  oportebat,  eos  nondum  voce  vulnero  !  Fuisti 
igitur  apujJL.JLaecam  ilia  nocte,  Catilina :  distribuisti  partes 
ItaTiae  :  statuisti,  quo  quemque  proficisci  placeret :  delegisti, 
quos  Romae  relinqueres,  quos  tecum  ^duceres ;  descripsisti 
urbis  partes  ad  incendia;  confirmasti  te  ipsum  jam  esse  exi- 
turum  ;  dixisti  paullulum  tibi  esse  etiam  nunc  morae,  quod 
ego  viverem.  lieperti  sunt  duo  equites  Komani,  qui  te  ista 
cura  liberarent,  et  sese  ilia  ipsa  nocte  paullo  ante  lucem  me 
in  meo  lectulo  interfecturos  esse  pollicerentur.  10.  Haec 
ego  omnia,  vixdum  etiam  coetu  vestro  dimisso,  comperi : 
domum  meam  majoribus  praesidiis  munivi  atque  firmavi : 
exclusi  eos,  quos  tu  mane  ad  me  salutatum  miseras,  quum 
illi  ipsi  venissent,  quos  ego  jam  multis  ac  summis  viris  ad 
me  id  temporis  ventui»os  esse  praedixeram. 

Y.  Quae  quum  ita  sint,  Catilina,  perge,  quo  coepisti : 
egredere"  aliquando  ex  urbe  :  patent  portae  :  proficiscere. 
Nimium  diu  te  imperatorem  tua  ilia  Manljana  castra  deside- 
rant.     Educ  tecum  etiam  omnes  tuos  :  s^  minus,  quam  plu- 

rimos.     Purga  urbem.     Maguo  me  metu  liberabis,  dummodo. 

inter  me  atque  te  murus  intersit.  Nobiscum  versari  jam 
diutius  non  potes :  non  feram,  non  patiar,  non  sin  am.  11. 
Magna  diis  immortalibus  habenda  est,  atque  huic  ipsi  Jovi 
Statori,  antiquissimo  custodi  hujus  urbis,  gratia,  quod  hanc 
tarn  tetram,  tarn  horribilem  tamque  infestam  rei  publicae 
pestem  to  ties  jam  effugimus.    Non  est  saepius(in  uno  homine  J 


Ls(in  u 


OBATTO   I.    int   f.vriLix  am.  5 

anmma  Balus  periclitanda  rei  publicae.  rQuamdiu  mihi  non- 
Buli  designato,  Catilina,  intddiatua  ea,  non  publico  me  prae- 
sidio,  Bed  privata  diligentia  defend!  Quum  proxinus  comi- 
tiis  conaularibua  me  consulmi  in  campo, et competitprea titoa  Wj. 
interfioere  voluisti,  compressi coDatua  tuos  nefiuioa amicormn 
praeaidio  et  copiis,  nullo  tumultu  publico  concitato  :  deni- 
qne,  quotiescunque  me  petisti,  per  me  tibi  obstiti:  quam- 
qnarn  yidebam  perniciem  meam  cum  magna  calamitate  rei 
publicae  esse  conjunctam.  Nunc  jam  aperte  rem  publicam 
universam  petis  :  templa  deorum  immortalium,  tccta  urbis, 
vitam  omnium  civium,  Italiam  denique  totam,  ad  exitium 
ac  \  astitatem  vocas. 
/  12.  Quare,  quoniam  id,  quod  est  primum,  et  quod  hujus 
imperii  disciplinaeque  majorum  j)roprium  est,  facere  non- 
duiii  audeo,  faciam  id,  quod  est  ad  severitatem  lenius,  et  ad 
communem  salutem  utilius.  Nam,  si  te  interfici  jussero, 
residebit  in  re  publica  reliqua  conjuratorum  manus  ;  sin  tu 
(quod,  te  jamdudum  hortor)  exieris,  exliaurietur  ex  urbe 
tuorum  comitum  magna  et  perniciosa  sentina  rei  publicae. 
13.  Quid  est,  Catilina?  Num  dubitas  id,  me  imperante, 
facere,  quod  jam  tua  sponte  faciebas  ?  Exire  ex  urbe  jubet 
consul  hostem.  Interrogas  me,  num  in  exsilium  ?  Non 
jubeo  :  sed  si  me  consulis,  suadeo. 

•VI.  Quid  est  enim,  Catilma^quod  te*jam  in  hac  urbe 
dclrctare  possitj  In  qua  nemo  est  extra  istam  conjura- 
tionem  perditorum  hominum,  quf  teLpoh  metuat ;  nemo"  qui"" 
non  otterit.  Quae  nota  domesticae  turpituuinis  non  inusta  \rr^ 
yitae  tuae  est?  Quod  privatarum  rerum  dedecus  non  haeret 
infamiae  ?  Quae  libido  ab  oculis,  quod  lacinus  a  manibus 
unquam  tuTs,  quod  flagitium  a  toto  corpore  abfuit  2  (Jui  tu 
ftdolescentulo,  quem  corruptelarum  illecebris  irretlssos,  non 
aut  ad  audaciam  ferrum,  aut  ad  libTdinem  facem  praetu- 
listi?  14.  ^.Quid  vero  ?j  Nuper,  quum  morte  superioris 
uxoris  novis  nuptiis  domum  vkcuen?cisses,  nonne  etiam  alio 
incredibili  scelere  hoc  scelus  cumulasti  ?  Quod  ego  praeier- 
mitto,  et  facile  patior  sileri ;  ne  in  hac  civitate  tanti  facino- 


b  ORATIO    I.    IN   CATILINAM. 

ris  immamtas  aut  exstitisse,  aut  non  vindicata  esse  videatur. 
Praetermitto  ruinas  fortunarum  tuarum,  quas  omnes  impen- 
dere  tibi  proximis  Idibus  senties  :  ad  ilia  venio,  quae  non  ad 
privatam  ignominiam  vitiorum  tuorum,  non  ad  doraesticam 
tuam  difficultatem  ac  turpitudinem,  sed  ad  summam  rem 
publicam  atque  ad  omnium  nostrum  vitam  salutemque  per- 
tinent.*- 15.  Potestne  tibi  haec  lux,  Catilina,  aut  lmjus 
coeli  spiritus  esse  jucundus,  quum  scias  horum  esse  nemi- 
nem,  qui  nesidat  te  pridie  Kalendas  Januarias,  Lepido  et 
Tullo  consulibus,  steiisse  in  coniitio  cum  telo  ?  Manum, 
consulum  et  principum  civitatis  interficiendorum  causa, 
parayisse  ?  Sceleri  ac  furori  tuo  non  mentem  aliquam  aut 
timorem  tuum,  sed  fortunam  populi  Romani  obstitisse  ?  Ac 
jam  ilia  omitto  (neque  enim  sunt  aut  obscura  aut  non  multa 
post  commissa)  :  quotiens  tu  me  designatum,  quotiens  con- 
sulem  interficere  conatus  es  !  Quod  ego  tuas  p*e*!itiones  ita 
conjectas,  ut  vitari  posse  non  viderentur,  parva  quadam 
declinatione,  et,  ut  aiunt,  corpore  euugi  !  Nihil  agis,  nihil 
assequeris,  nihil  moliris,  neque  tamen  conarijac  velle  desis- 
tis.  16.  Quotiens  tibi  jam  extorta  est  sica  Isfa  de  manibus  ! 
Quotiens  vero  excidit  casu  aliquo  et  elapsa/esfc  !  Tamen  ea 
carere  diutius  non  potes  :  quae  quidem  quibus  abs  te  lniti  Jta  O^ 
v^-s  Bacris  ac  devota  sit,  nescio,  quod  earn  nece^se  putas  esse  in 
y^    consulis  corpore  defigere. 

'  YII.  Nunc  vero,  quae  tua  est  ista  vita?     Sic  enim  jam 

tecum  loquar.  non  ,ut  odio  perniotus  esse  videar,  quo  debeo^ 
vy-  sed  ut  mTsericordia,  quae  tibi  nulla  debetur.     Venisti  paullo 
N  *  ante  in  seriatum.     Quis  te  ex  hac  tanta*frequentia,  tot  ex 
^    tuis  amicis  ac  necessariis  salutavit  ?     St  hoc  post  hominum 
memoriam    contigit    nemini,    vocis  exspecta*s  contumeliam, 
/  quum  sis  gravissimb  jlldicio  taciturnitatis  oppressus  ?    Quid, 
/  quod  adVentvTtuo  ista  subsellia  vacuefacta  sunt  ?  quod  omnes 
<*   consulares,  qui  tibi  persaepe  ad  caeclem  constifcuti  fuerunt, 
simul  atque  assedisti,  partem  istam  subselliorum  nudam  at- 
que inariem  reliauerunt,  quo  tandem  animo  hoc  tibi  feren- 
dum  putas ?\Aln)  SeryT  mehercule  mei  si  me  isto  pacto 


OBATIO    I.    l.\    OATILINAM.  '  7 

ni'iiK-rent,  ut  tc  metuunt  omiies  cives  tui,  domum  moam 
n^liiKUHMidanrputarem  :  tiftibi  arbem  noii  arbifcraris?  EJt, 
si  mS  iikTs  cTvibus  LnjuriJ  suspectum  tarn  gi&yiter  at 
offensum  vidoivin,  can  :<•  me  adspcctff  civium,  quam  infestis 
oculis  omnium  conspicTmaliem :  tu,  quum  oonscientia  scele- 
runi  tuorum  agnoaoas  odium  omnium  j ustum  ei  jam  diu  tibi 
aebitum,  dubitas,  quorum  menies  sensusque  vulnerasj  eorum 
adspootum  praesentiamque  vitare  ?  Sfte  parentes  timcrcnt 
atque  odissent  tin,  neque  eos  ullaTatione  placare  posses,  ut 
opfiior,  ab  eorum  oculis  aliquo  concecleres :  nunc  te  patria, 
quae  communis  est  omnium  nostrum  parens,  oclit  ac  metuit, 
et  jamdiu  te"nihil  judicat  nisi*  de  pamcidio  sud""cogitare. 
Hujus  tu  neque  auctoritalem  verebere,  nee  juclicium  sequere, 
nee  vim  pertime'sces  ?  18.  Quae  tecum,  Catilina,  sic^agr^  W/y 
et  qxiodam  modo  tacita  loquitur :  "  Nullum  jam  aliquot  annis 
factnus  exstitit  nisi  per  te;  nullum  flagitium  sine  te;  tibi 
uni  multorum  civium  neces,  tibf  vexatio"  direptioque  soci<> 
rum  impunita  fuit  ac  libera ;  tu  non  solum  ad  negligendas 
leges  et  Ojimesdp^eSj  verum  etiam  ad  evertendas  perfringen- 
dasque  valuisti.  Siiperiora  ilia,  quamquam  ferenda  non 
fuerunt,  tamen,  ut  potui7  tuh :  nunc  vero  me  totam  esse  in 
metu  propter  "uhum  te,  quidquid  increpuerit,  CatilTnam 
timeri,  nullum  videri  contra  me  consilium  iniri  posse,  quod 
a  tuo  scelere  abhorreat,  non  est  ferendum.  Quamobrem  dis- 
ce*3e,  atque  hunc  mihi  timorem  eripe :  si  est  verus,  ne  op- 
i>rimar_;  ^^falsus,  ut  tandem  aliquand6*timere  desinam." 
V  ■SQXL  -19.  Haec  si  tecum,  ut  dixi,  patria  loquatur,  nonne 
impetrare  debeat,  etiam  si  vim  adhibere  non  possit  ?  Quid, 
quod  tu  te  ipse  in  custodiam  dedisti?  quod  vitandae  sus- 
picionis  causa  aptid  M'.  Lepidum  te  habitare  velle  dixisti  ? 
A  quo  non  receptus,  etiam  ad  me  venire  ausus  es,  atque,  ut 
domi  meae  te  asservarem,  rogasti.  Quum  a  me  quoque  id 
responsi^tulisses,  me  nullo  modo  posse  iisdem  parietibus 
tuto  esse  tecum,  qui  magno  in  periculo  essem,  quod  iisdem 
moenibus  contineremur,  ad  Q.  Metellum  praetorem  venisti. 
A  quo  repudiatus,  ad  sodalem  tuum,  virum  optimum,  M. 


8  OEATIO   I.    IN    CATILINAM. 

Marcellum  demigrasti;  quern  tu  videlicet  et  ad  custodien- 
duin  te  diligentissimum,  et  ad  suspicarfclum  sagacissimum, 
et  ad  vindicandum  fortissimum  fore  putasti.  Sed  quam 
longe  videtur  a  carcere  atque  a  vinculis  abesse  debere,  qui 
se  ipse  jam  dignum  custodia  judicarit?  20.  Quae  quum  ita 
sint,  Catilina,  dubitas,  si  emori  aequo  amino  non  potes,  abire 
in  aliquas  terras,  et  vitam  istam,  multis  suppliciis  justis 
debitisque  ereptam,  fugae  solitudinique  mandare  ? 

w  Pefer,  inquis,  ad  senatum :  "  id  enim  postulas,  et,  si  hie 
ordo  sibi  placere  decreverit  te  ire  in  exsilium,  ob tempera-  Q 
turum  te  esse  dicis.  Non  referam,  id  quod  abhorret  a  meis 
moribus :  sed  tamen  faciam,  ut  intelligas,  quid  hi  de  te 
sentiant.  Egredere  ex  urbe,  Catilina  :  libera  rem  publicam 
metu:  in  exsilium,  si  hanc  vocem  exspectas,  proficiscere. 
Quid  est,  Catilina  ?  Ecquid  attendis,  ecquid  animadvertis  9 
horum  silentium  ?  Patiuntur,  tacent.  Quid  exspectas  auc- 
toritatem  loquentium,  quorum  voluntatem  tacitorum  per- 
spicis?  21.  At  si  hoc  idem  huic  adolescenti  optimo,  P. 
Sestio,  si  fortissimo  viro,  M.  Marcello  dixissem,  jam  mihi 
consuli  hoc  ipso  in  templo,  jure  optimo,  senatus  vim  et 
manus  intulisset.  De  te  autem,  Catilina,  quum  quiescimt, 
probant;  quum  patiuntur,  decernunt;  quum  tacent,  clamant. 
Neque  hi  solum,  quorum  tibi  auctoritas  est  videlicet  cara, 
vita  vilissima :  sed  etiam  illi  equites  Pomani,  honestissimi 
atque  optimi  viri,  ceterique  fortissimi  cives,  qui  circumstant 
senatum,  quorum  tu  et  frequentiam  videre,  et  studia  perspi- 
cere,"et  voces  paullo  ante  exaudire  potuisti.  Quorum  ego 
vix  abs  te  jamdiu  manus  ac  tela  contineo,  eos<lem  facile 
adducam,  ut  te.,.  haec,  quae  jampridem  vastare  studes,  relin- 
quentem  usque  ad  pprtas  prosequantur.    •" 

IX.      22.    Quamquam    quid    loquor?      Te--ut   ulla   res 

•  frangat'?  Tu  ut  unquam  te  corrigas  ?  Tu  ut  ullam  fugain 
meditere  ?  Tu  ut  ullum  exsilium  cogites?  ittiiikm  'tibi 
istam  mentem  dii  immortales  duint !     Tamesti  video,  si  mea 

*  voce  perterritus  ire  in  exsilium  animum  induxeris,  quanta 
tempestas   invidiae   nobis,  \i  minus]  in  praesens   tempus, 


ORATIO   I.    IX    OATILINAM. 


rccenti  memoria  scelenim    tuoruni,  at    in   posteritatem  im- 
pend.eat.     Sed  est  tanti  ;  dummodo  istii   privata  sit  calami- 
tas,  eta  rei  publicae  periculis  scjungatur.      Sed  tu  ut  vitiis 
tuis  comnioveare,  ut  l^gum   poenas  pertfmescas,  ut  tempori- 
bus  rei  publicae  cedas,  npn  est  postulandum.     Neque  enim 
is  es,  Catilina,  ut   te  aut   pufror  a  turfukudine,  aut  metus  a 
periculo,  aut  ratio  a  furore  revoeai  it.     23.   Quamdbrem,  ut 
saepe  jam  dixi,  proficiscere  :  ac,  si  mihi  inimico,  ut  prae-  , 
dicas,  tuo  compare  vis  invidiam,  recta  perge  in  exsilium  :  J 
vix   feram   serraones  hominum,  si  id  feceris:    visr  molem  |" 
istius  invidiae,  si  in  exsilium  jussu  consulis  ieris,  sustinebo.  i 
Sin  autem  servire  meae  laudi  et  gloriae  mavis,  egredere  cum  • 
iin})ortuna    sceleratorum    nranu:    confer    te    ad    Manlium  ; 
concita   perditos   cives ;    secerne    te   a  bonis,   infer    patriae 
bellum  ;  exsulta  impio  latrociuio,  ut  a  me  non  ejectus  ad 
alienos,   sed   invitatus   ad    twos   isse    videaris.       24.    Quam- 


quam  quid  ego  te  invrtem,  a  quo  jam  sciam  esse  praenussos, 
qui  tibi  ad  Forum  Aurelium  praestolarentur  armati  ?  Cui 
sciam  pactarii  et  constitutam  cum  Manlio  diem?  A  quo 
etiam  aquilam  illam  argenteam,  quam  tibi  ac  tuis  omnibus 
perniciosam  esse  confido  ac  funestam  futuram,  cui  dorni  tuae 
sacrarium  scelerum  tuorum  constitutum  fuit,  sciam  esse 
praemissam  ?  Tu  rtt'illa  carere  diutius  possis,  quam  venerari 
ad  caedem  proficiscens  solebas  ?  a  cujus  altaribus  saepe 
istam  impiam  dexteram  ad  necem  civium  trans^misuJLlfS^ 

X.  25.  ^bis  tandem  aliquando,  quo  \e  jampridem  tua 
ista  cupiditas  effrenata  ac  furiosa  ra'piebat.  Neque  enim  tibi 
(jjaec^rep  affeW  dolorem,  sed  quandam  incredibilem  volup- 
.tatem.  Ad  banc  te  amentiam  natura  rfepent,  voluntas 
exercuit,  fortuna  servavit.  Nunquam  tu  non  modo  ptiujn, 
sed  ne  bellum  quidem  nisi  nefariiim  conciipisti.  Nacxus  es 
ex  perditisj^atque  aJ^mni  non  modo  fortuna,  verum  etiam 
spe  derelict js,  co^matam  improborum  manum.J  2G.  Hie  tu 
qua  laetitia  perfruere?  Quibus  gaudiis  exsultabis  ?  Quanta 
in  voluptate  baccnar>ere,  quum  in  tanto  numero  tuorum 
neque  an  dies  virum  bonum  quemquam  neque  videbis  ?     Ad 


10  ORATIO    I.    IN    CATILINAM. 

b  1.         ...      i 

hujus  vitae  studium  meditati  sunt  illi,  qui  fenmtur,  labores 
tui :  jacfere  humi,  non  modo  ad  c^Dsia^enaum^^uprum,  verum 
etiam  ad  facinus  obeulidum  ;  vigilare  non  solum  ^^i^mutem 
somno_  maritorum,  verum  etiam  bonis  Otiosorum.  Habss^. 
ubi  ostentes  illam  tuam  praeelaram  patientiam  famis,  fdgoris, 
inopiae  rerum  omnium,  quijbiis  te  brevi  tempore  coniectum 
*  ,  es^e  senties.  27.  Tantum  profeci  turn,  quum  te  a  consulatu 
1  "vvvJrepuli,  nt  exsul  potius  tentare,  quam  consul  vexare  rem  (^ 
publicam  posses,  atque  ut  jd,  quod  esset  abs  te  scelerate 
susceptum,  latrocmmm  potius  quam  bellum  nominaretur.  ****•  ^ 
l(  :yXI.  ISuiic,  ut  a  me,  Patres  conscripti,  quandam  prope 
justam  patriae  querimoniam  detester  ac  deprecer^percipite, 
quaeso,  diligenter,  quae  dicam,  et  ea  penitus  animis  vestris 
mentibusque  mandate.  Etenim,  si  mecum  patria,  quae  mihi 
vita  mea  multo  est  carior,  si  cuncta  Italia,  si  omnis  res 
publica  loquatur  :j"  M.  Tulli,  quid  agis?  Tune  eum,  quern 
esse  hostem  comperisti,  quern  ducem  belli  futurum  vides, 
quern  exspectari  imperatorem  in  castris  hostium  sentis, 
auctbrem  sceleris,  principem  conjurationis,  evocatorem  ser-  ^ 
vorum  et  civium  perditorum,  exire  patiere,  ut  abs  te  non 
emissus  ex  urbe,  sed  immissus  in  urbem  esse  videatur? 
Nonne  hunc  in  vineula  duci,  non  ad  mortem  rapi,  non 
sunimo  supplicio  mactari  imperabis  ?  28.  Quid  tandem  te 
impedit  ?  Mosne  majorum  ?  At  persaepe  etiam  privati  in 
liac  re  publica  perniciosos  cives  morte  multarunt.  An  leges, 
quae  de  civium  liomanorum  supplicio  rojotalr  simt"?  At 
nunquam  in  hac  urbe  ii,  qui  a  re  publica  defecerunt,  civium  /^ 
jura  tenuerunt.  An  invidiam  posteritatis  times?  Prae- 
elaram vero  populo  Romano  refers  gratiam,  qui  te  hominem 
per  te  cognitum,  nulla  commendatione  majorum  tarn  mature 
ad  summum  imperium  per  omnes  honorum  gradus  extulit, 
si  propter  invidiam,  aut  alicujus  periculi  metum,  salutem 
civium  tuorum  negligis.  •  29.  Sed,  si  quia  est  invidiae 
mT5tus,'num^est  vehememtius  severita.tis  ac  fortitudinis  in- 
vidia,  quam  inertiae  ac  nequitiae  pertimescenda  ?  An 
quum  bello  vastabitur  Italia,  vexabuntur  urbes,  tecta  arde- 

P  ASL4  I 


L^>W 


.no  I.  in  r.vnuxAM.  11 

bunt,  turn  te  nan   existimaa   urridiae   imoendio  conflagrft- 

turum?" 

X  II.  His  ego  sanctissimis  ivi  pnbllOM  voi-ibus,  et  coruin 
hominum,  qui  boo  idem  sentinnt,  inentibut  paaca  respon-  QoMi 
debo.  Ego,  si  hoc  optimum  jactu  judicarem,  Patres  con- 
Boripti,  Catilinam  morte  mulfari,  unius  usnrain  norae  gladi- 
R&ori  isti  ad  vivendum  non  dedissem.  Ktenim,  si  Bummi 
n  hi  et  clarissimi  cives,  Saturnini  et  Gracchorum  ot  Plaod 
ei  superiorum  compluriuri  sanguine  non  modo  se  non  con- 
taininarunt,  sed  etiam  honcstarunt,  certe  verenduni  milii 
non  erat,  ne  quid,  hoc  parricidac>vium  interlecio,  invidiae 
mihi  in  posteritatein  lvdundarct.  Quod  si  ea  mihi  maxime 
imponderet,  tamen  hoc  animo  semper  i'ui,  nt  invidiam  vir- 
fcute  partem  gloriam,  non  invidiam  puxarein.  30.  Quani- 
quam  nbnnulli  sunt  in  hoc  ordine,  qui  ant  ea,  quae 
imminent,  non  vidcantyaut  tea,  nuae  vident,  disslmulent : 
qui  Bpem  Catilinae  inomous'  sententiis  amerunt,  con- 
jurationemque  nascenteni  non  credendo  corroboraverunt: 
quorum  auctoritatem  secnti  multi,  non  solum  improBi, 
verum  etiam  imperiti,  si  in  hunc  animadvertissem,  crude- 
liter  et  regie  factum  esse  dicerent.  Nunc  intelligo,  si  iste, 
(juo  intendit,  in  Manliana  castra  pervenerit,  neminem  tarn 
stultum  fort>,  qui  non  videat  conjurationein  esse  faetam, 
neminem  tarn  improbum,  qui  non  faleararj/ Hoc  |utem  uno^ 
interfecto,    intelligo    banc    rei    publicae    pestem    paujlisper 


ivpriiui,   non  in  perpetuum   comprimi  posse.     Quod 


si 


ejeoerit,  secumque  suos  etfuxerit,  et  eodem  ceteros  undique 
collectos  naufragoa  aggregaverit,  exstinguetur  atque  delebitur 
non  modo  haec  tain  adulta  rei  publicae  pestis,  verum  etiam 
strips  ac  semen  maionmi^mSuTm. 

XIII.  31.  Eteniin  jamdiu,  Patres  conscripti,  in  his  peri- 
cuUs  conjurationis  insidiisque  versamur ;  sed  nescio  quo 
pacto  omnium  scelerum  ac  veteris  furoris  et  audaciae  maturi- 
tas  in  nostri  consulatus  tern  pus  erupit.  Quod  si  ex  tanto 
latrocinio  iste  unus  tolletur,  videbimur  fortasse  ad  breve 
qnoddam   tempus   cura  et  inetu  esse  relevati :    periculum 


12 


ORATIO    I.    IN   CATILINAM. 


autem  residebit,  et  erit  inclusum  penitus  in  venis  atque  in 
visceribns  rei  publicae.  Ut  saepe  homines  aegri  morbo 
{^^igravi,  quuni  aestu  jfebrique  jactantur,  si  aquam  gelidam 
biberint,  primo  relevari  videntur,  deinde  multo  gravius 
vehementiusque  afflictantur ;  sic  liic  morbus,  qui  est  in  re 
publica,  relevatus  istius  poena,  vehementius  vivis  reliquis 
ingravescet.  32.  Quare  secedant  improbi,  secernant  se  a 
bonis,  unnm  in  locum  congregentur,  muro  denique,  id  quod 
saepe  jam  dixi,  secernantur  a  nobis,  desinant  insidiari  domi 
suae  consuli,  circumstare  tribunal  praetoris  urbani,  obsidere 
cum  gladiis  curiam,  malleolos  et  faces  ad  inflammandam 
urbem  comparare ;  sit  denique  inscriptum  in  fronte  unius 
cuj  usque,  quid  de  re  pubjica  sehtiat*.  Polliceor  vobis  hoc, 
Patres  conscripti,  tantam  in  nobis  consulibus  fore  diligen- 
tiam,  tantam  in  vobis  auctoritatem,  tantam  in  equitibus 
Romanis  virtutem,  tantam  in  omnibus  bonis  consensionem, 
ut  Catilinae  profectione  omnia  pateTacta,  illustrata,  oppressa,  qJ 
vindicata  esse  videatis. 

33.  Hisce*  ominibus,  Catilina,  cum  summa  rei   publicae 

i   x       x  ~~     x      '       i  ■  •  •  -4- 

salute,  et  cum  tua  peste  ac  pernic^e,  cumque  eorum  exitio, 

qui  se  tecum  omni  scelere  pamcidioqueiunxerunt,  proncis- 

cere  ad  impium  bellum  ac  nefarium.     Tiim  tu,  Jupiter,  qui 

iisdem,  quibus  haec  urbs,  auspiciis  a  Romulo  es  constitutus, 

quem  Statorem  hujus  urbis  atque  imperii  vere  nominamus, 

hunc  et  hujus  socios  a  tuis  aris  ceterisque  templis,  a  tectis 

urbis  ac  moenibus,  a,  vita  fortunisque  civium  omnium  arce- 

bis :  et  homines  bonorum  inimicos,  hostes  patriae,  latrones 

Italiae,  scelerum  foedere  inter  se  ac  nefaria  societate  con- 

junctos,  aeternis  suppliciis  vivos  mortuosque  mactabis. 


'%f 


^ 


IN 

L.     CATILINAM 

ORATIO   SECUKDA, 
AD      QUIKITES. 


1* 


I.  1.  T^andem  aliquando,  Quiriles,  L.  Catninam,  furen- 
tem  aTidac^  scelus  ^nhelantem,  pestem  patriae  nefarie 
molientem,  vobTs  atque  huic  urbi  ferro  flammaque  mfuftan- 
tem,  ex  urbe  Vfel  ejecimus  vel  eroisimus,  vel  ipsum  egrectf en-  y%^ 
tem  verbis  pr$se*cuti  sumus.  Abiit,  "excessit,  "evasit,  erupit.  Vjjj 
Nulla  jam  pernicfes  a  monstro  illo  atque  prodigio  moenibus  + 
ipsis  intra  moenia  comparabitur.  Atque  hunc  qurdem  unum 
hujus  belli  d&mestYci  cfticem  sme  controversfaT  vicimus. 
Non  enim  jam  inter  latera  nostra  sica  ilia  versabitur :  rion 
in  campo,  non  in  foro,  non  in  curia,  non  denique  intra 
do'mestJfcos  parties  pe*ramescemus.  Loco  ille  molus  est, 
quum  est  ex  iTrbe  cfepulsus.  Palam  jam  cum  hoste,  nullo 
impHliente,  bellum  justum  geremus.  £>me  cfubio  perdulimus 
h^minem  magninceque  viciinus,  quum  ilium  ex.  occultis 
insidiis  in  apertum  latrocinium  conjecimus.  2.  Quod  vero 
non  cruentum  mucronem,  ut  voluit,  extulit,  quod  vivis 
nobis  egressus  est,  quod  ei  ferrum  e  manibus  extorsimus, 
quod  inc^limies  elves,  quod  stantem  urbem  reliquit:  quanto 
taiicTem  ilium  maerore  esse  afflictum  et  profngatum  putatis  ? 
Jacet  ille  nunc  prostratusque  est,  et  se  percitlsum  atque 
abjectum  esse  sentit,  et  retorquet  oculos  prtffecto  s'aepe  ad 


6\^v*-/i  jl^l  ^-^  Ar      u-c   d-^_y 


14  OEATIO    II.    IN    CATILINAM. 

hanc  urbem,  quam  e  suis  faucibus  ereptam  esse  luget:  quae-/ 
qiudem  mihi  la"£tari  videtur,  quod  tantam  pe*stem  evomuerit 
forasque  projecerit. 

II.  3.  At  si  quis  est  talis,  quales  esse  omnes  oportebat, 
qui  in  hoc  ipso,  in  quo  exsultat  et  triumphat  oratio  inea,  me 
vehementer  accuset,  quod  tarn  capitalem  hostem  non  compre- 
henderim  potius,  quam  emiserim  :  non  est  ista  mea  culpa, 
Quirites,  sed  temporum.  'unterfectum  esse  L.  Catilinam,  et 
gravissimo  supplicio  affectum  jampridera  oportebat :  idque 
a  me  et  mos  majorum,  et  hujus  imperii  severitas,  et  res  pub- 
lica  postulabat.  Sed  quam  multos  fuisse  putatis,  qui,(quae  V^ 
ego  deferrem^  non  crederent  ?  Quam  multos,  qui  propter 
stultitiam  non  putarent  ?  Quam  multos,  qui  etiam  defende- 
rent  ?  Quam  multos,  qui  propter  improbitatem  faverent  ? 
Ac  si,  illo  sublato,  depelli  a  yobis  omne  periculum  judica- 
rem,  jampridem  ego  J^Qatilinam  non  modo  invidiae  meae, 
jtv*^7erum  etiam  vitae  pMiculo  sustulissem.  4.  Sed  quum  vide- 
rem  ne  vobis  quidem  omnibus  re  etiam  turn  probata,  si  ilium, 
ut  erat  meritus,  morte  multassem,  fore,  ut  ejus  socios  invidia 
oppressus  persequi  non  possem,  rem  hue  deduxi,  ut  turn  palam 
pugnare  possetis,  quum  hostem  aperte  videretis.  Quern  qui- 
dem ego  hostem,  Quirites,  quam  vehementer  foris  esse  timen- 
dum  putem,  licet  hinc  intelligatis,  quod  etiam  illud  moleste 
fero,  quod  ex  urbe  parum  comitatus  exierit.  Utinam  ille  ^fj. 
omnes  secum  suas  copias  eduxisset !  Tongilium  milii  eduxit,' 
quern  amare  in  praetexta  coeperat ;  Publicium  et  Munatium, 
quorum  aes  alienum  contractum  in  popina  nullum  rei  publi- 
^sjs  cae  mptum  afferre  poterat :  reliquit  quos  viros !  quanto  aere  ' 
aiieno  !  quam  valentes  !  quam  nobiles  ! 
i"*7^II.  5.  Itaque  ego  ilium  exercitum  et  Gallicanis  legioni- 
^nbus  et  hoc  delectu,  quern  in  agro  Piceno  et  Gallico  Q.  Metel- 
lus  habuit,  et  his  copiis,  quae  a  nobis  quotidie  comparantur, 
magno  opere  contemno,  collectum  ex  senibus  desperatis,  ex 
agresti  luxuria,  ex  rusticis  o^ecoctoribus,  ex  iis,  qui  vadimo- 
nia  de^erere  quam  ilium  exercitum  maluerunt ;  quibus  ego 
non  niodo  si  aciem  exercitus  nostri,  verum  etiam  si  edictum 


ORATIO   II.    IN   CATILINAM.  15 

pvnetoris  ostendero,  concident.  Hos,  quos  video  volitare  in 
for©,  quos  stare  ad  curiam,  quos  etiani  in  senatum  venire  ; 
qui  niteni  unguentia,  qui  fulgent  purpura,  mallem  secumsuos 
militea  othiTJnimt •  qui  si  hie  permanent,  n.t  mentote  non  tain 
exercitum  ilium  esse  nobis,  quam  hos,  qui  exercitum  deseru- 
erunt,  pertimescendos.  Atque  hoc  etiam  sunt  timendi  magis, 
quod,  quid  cogitent,  me  scire  sentiunt,  neque  tamen  permo- 
ventur.  6.  Video,  cui  sit  Apulia  attributa,  quis  habeat 
Etruriam,  quis  agrum  Picenum,  quis  Gallicum,  quis  sibi  has 
urban*!  insidias  caedis  atque  incendiorum  depoposcerit. 
Omuia  superioris  noctis  consilia  ad  me  perlata  esse  sentiunt ; 
patefeci  in  senatu  hesterno  die;  Catilina  ipse  pertimuit,  pro- 
fugit :  hi  quid  exspectant  ?     Na^.  illi  vehementer  errant,  si     sJ^AA 

Xillam  meam  pristinam  lenitatem  perpetuam  sperant  futuram. 
IV.  Quod  exspectavi,  jam  sum  assecutus,  ut  vos  omnes 
factam  esse  aperte  conjurationem  contra  rem  publicam  vide- 
retis.  Nisi  vero /si/ quis  est,  qui  Catiliuae  similes  cum  Cati- 
lina sentire  non  putet.  Non  est  jam  lenitati  locus:  severi- 
tatem  res  ipsa  flagitat.  *  Unum  etiam  nunc  concedam  :  exe- 
.      ant,   proticiscantur,  ne    patiantur    desiderio   sui    Catilinam  ?a^~J 

niiserum  tabescere.     Demonstrabo  iter  :  Aurelia  via  profec- 

tus  est.  Si  accelerare  volent,  ad  vesperani  consequentur. 
7.  O  fortunatam  rem  publicam,  si  quidem  banc  sentinam 
hujus  urbis  ejecerit !  Uno  mehercule  Catilina  exhausto, 
relevata  mihi  et  recreata  res  publica  videtur.  \  Quid  enim 
mali  aut  sceleris  fingi  aut  cogitari  potest,  quod  non  ille  con- 
ceperit  ?  Quis  tota  Italia  veneficus,  quis  gladiator,  quis 
latro,  quis  sicarius,  quis  parricida,  quis  testamentorum  sub- 
jector,  quis  circumscriptor,  quis  ganeo,  quisnepos,  quis  adul- 
ter, quae  mulier  infamis,  quis  corruptor  juventutis,  quis  cor- 
ruptus,  quis  perditus  inveniri  potest,  qui  se  cum  Catilina 
non  familiarissime  vixisse  fateatur?  Quae  caedes  per  hosce 
annos  sine  illo  facta  est  ?  Quod  nefarium  stuprum  non  per 
ilium  ?  8.  Jam  vero  quae  tanta  unquam  in  ullo  homine 
juventutis  illetebraljuit,  quanta  in  illo?  Qui  alios  ipse 
amabat  turpissime,  aliorum  amori  flagitiosissime  serviebat, 


16  ORATIO   II.    IN   CATTLINAM. 

aliis  fructum  libidinum,  aliis  mortem  parentum,  non  modo 
impellendo,  verum  ,etiam  adjuvando,  pollicebatur.  Nunc 
vero  quam  subito  non  solum  ex  urbe,  verum  etiam  ex  agris, 
ingentem  numerum  perditorum  hominum  collegerat  ?  Nemo, 
non  modo  Romae,  sed  nee  ullo  in  angulo  totius  Italiae,  op- 
pressus  aere  alieno  fait,  quern  non  ad  hoc  incredibile  sceleris 
foedus  adsciverit. 

V.  9.  Atque,.  ut  ejus  diversa  studia  in  dissimili  ratione 
perspicere  possitis,  nemo  est  in  ludo  gladiatorio  paullo  ad 
facinus  audacior,  qui  se  non  intimum  "Catilinae  esse  fateatur ; 
nemo  in  scena  levior  et  nequior,  qui  se  non  ejusdem  prope 
sodalem  fuisse  commemoret.  Atque  idem  tamen  stuprorum 
et  scelerum  exercitatione  assiTefactus,  frigore  et  fame  et  siti  ,  - 
et  vigiliis  perferendis,  fortis  ab  istis  praedicabatur,  quum  ^ 
industriae  subsidia  atque  instrumenta  virtutis  in  libidine 
audaciaque  consumerentur.  10.  Hunc  vero  si  secuti  erunt  * 
sui  comites  ;  si  ex  urbe  exierint  desperatorum  hominum 
flagitiosi  greges  :  O  nos  beatos  !  O  rem  publicam  fortunatam, 
O  praeclaram  laudem  consulatus  mei  !  Non  enim  jam  sunt 
mediocres  hominum' libidines,  non  humanae  audaciae  ac  tole- 
randae  :  nihil  cogitant  nisi  caedes,  nisi  incendia,  nisi  rapinas  : 
patrimonia  sua  profuderunt :  fortunas  suas  obligaverunt :  res  *" 
eos  jampridem,  fides  nuper  deficere  coepit :  eadem  tamen  ilia, 
quae  erat  in  abundantia,  libido  permanet.  Quod  si  in  vino 
et  alea  comissationes  solum,  et  scorta  quaererent,  essent  illi 
quidem  desperandi,  sed  tamen  essent  ferendi.  Hoc  vero  quis 
ferre  .possit,  inertes  homines  fortissimis  viris  insidiari,  stul- 
tissimos  prudentissimis,  ebriosos  sobriis,  dormientes  vigilan- 
tibus  ?  Qui  mihi  accubantes  in  conviviis,  complexi  mulieres 
impudicas,  vino  languidi,  conferti  cibo,  sertis  redimiti,  un- 
guentis  obliti,  debilitati  stupris,  _eructant  sermonibus  suis  ' 
caedem  bonorum,  atque  urbis  incendia.  11.  .Quibus  ego 
confido  impendere  fatum  aliquod  ;  et  poenam  jamdiu  impro- 
bitati,  nequitiae,  sceleri,  libidini  debitam  aut  instare  jam 
plane,  aut  certe  appropinquare.  Quos  si  meus  consulatus, 
quoniam  sanare  non  potest,  sustulerit,  non  breve  nescio  quod 


ORATIO   II.    IN   OATILINAM.  17 

t 
tempus,  sed  multa  secula  propagarit  rei  publicae.     Nulla  est 

enim  natio,  quam  pertimescamus ;  nullus  rex,  qui  helium 
populo  Komano  facere  possit.  Omnia  sunt  externa  unius 
virtute  terra  marique  pacata  :  domcst  iru m  helium  manet ; 
intus  insidiae  sunt,  intus  inclusum  periculum  est;  intus  est 
hostis.  Cum  luxuria  nobis,  cum  amentia,  cum  scelere  cer- 
tandum  est.  Huic  ego  me  bello  ducem  profiteor,  Quirites ; 
suscipio  inimicitias  hominum  perditorum.  ^'(Juae  sanari  po- 
terunt,  quacunque  ratione  sanabo  :  quae  resecanda  erunt,  non 
patiar  ad  perniciem  civitatis  manere.  Proinde  .aut  exeant, 
aut  quiescant,  aut,  si  et  in  urbe  et  in  eadem  mente  perma- 
nent, ea,  quae  merentur,  exspectent. 

VI.  12.  At  |tfam  sunt,  qui  dicant,  Quirites,  a  me  in  ex- 
s^ltum  ejSctum  esse  CatilTnam.  Quod  ego  si  verbo  asse*qui 
possem,  istos  ipsos  ejYcerem,  qui  haec  loquuntur.  Homo 
videlicet  tfcnifdus  aut  e*tfam  permodestus  vocem  consulis  ferre 
non  potuit :  sYmul  atque  ire  in  exsilium  jussus  est,  pariiit, 
ivit.  Hesterno  die,  quum  domi  meae  paene  interfectus  essem, 
senatum  in  aedeni  Jovis  Statoris  convocavi ;  rem  omnem  ad 
patres  conscriptos  de^uli.  Quo  quum  Catilina  venisset,<juis 
eum  senator  appellavit?  quis  salutaVit  ?  quis  denique  ita 
adspexit  ut  perditum  civem,  ac  non  pOtius  ut  importumssi- 
mum  hostem  ?  Quiii  etiam  principes  ejus  ordinis  partem 
illam  subselliorum,  ad  quam  ille  accesserat,  nudam  atque 
manem  r^irquei-unt.  13.  Hie  ego  vehemens  ille  consul,  qui 
verbo  cTves  in  Exsilium  ejicio,  quaesivi  a  CatiKna^  nocturno 
conventu  apud  M.  Laecam  fuisset  necne.  Quum  ille,  homo 
audacissimus,  consoientia  convictus,  promo  reticuisset,  pate- 
feci  cetera ;  quid  ea"  nocte  egisset,  quid  proxima  constituis- 
set,  quemadmb'duni  esset  ei  ratio  tdtius  belli  desenpta,  edo- 
cui.  -\  Quurn  haesitaret,  quum  teneretur,  quaesivi,  quid  dubi- 
taret  profipisci  eo,  quo  jamprjdem  pararet :  quum~arma,  quum 
secures,  quum  fasces,  quum  tubas,  quum  signa  militaria,  quum 
aquilam  illam  argenteam,  cui  ille  etiam  sacrarium  scelerum 
domi  suae  fecerat,  scirem  esse  praeniissam.N&4.  In  exsilium 
ejiciebam,  quern  jam  ingressum  esse  in  bellum  videbam? 


lb  OEATIO    II.    IN   CATILINAM. 

Etenim,  credo,  Mallius  iste  centurio,  qui  in  agro  Eaesulano 
castra  posuit,  bellum  populo  Romano  suo  nomine  indixit ; 
et  ilia  castra  nunc  non  Catilinam  ducem  exspectant,  et  ille, 
ejectus  in  exsilium,  se  Massiliam,  ut  aiunt,  non  in  liaec  cas- 
tra conferet. 
y  .  VII.  O  conditionem  miseram,  non  modo  administrandae, 
/J^  verum  etiam  conservandae  rei  publicae  !  Nunc,  si  L.  Cati- 
lina  consiliis,  laboribus,  periculis  meis  circumclusus  ac  debi- 
litatus  subito  pertimuerit,  sententiam  mutaverit,  deseruerit 
suos,  consilium  belli  faciundi  abjecerit,  ex  hoc  cursu  sceleris 
et  belli  iter  ad  fugam  atque  in  exsilium  converterit^non  ille 
a  me  spoliatus  armis  audaciae,  non  obstupefactus  ac  perter- 
ritus  mea  diligentia,  non  de  spe  conatuque  depulsus,  sed 
indemnatus,  innocens,  in  exsilium  ejectus  a  consule  vi  et ; 
minis  esse  dicetur :  et  erunt,  qui  ilium,  si  hoc  fecerit,  non 
improbum,  sed  miserum,  me  non  diligentissimum  consulem, 
sed  crudelissimum  tyrannum  existimari  velint.  15.  Est 
milii  tanti,  Quirites,  hujus  invidiae  falsae  atque  iniquae 
tempestatem  subire,  dummodo  a  vobis  hujus  horribilis  belli 
ac  nefarii  peripulum  depellatur.  Dicatur  sane  ejectus  esse  a 
me,  dummodo  eat  in  exsilium.  Sed  mihi  credite,  non  est 
iturus.  Nunquam  ego  a  diis  immortalibus  optabo,  Quirites, 
invidiae  meae  levandae  causa,  ut  L.  Catilinam  ducere  exer- 
citum  hostium,  atque  in  armis  volitare  audiatis  ;  sed  triduo 
tamen  audietis :  multoque  magis  illud  timeo,  ne  mihi  sit  in- 
Yidiosum  aliquando,  quod  ilium  emiserim  potius,  quam  quod 
ejecerim.  Sed  quum  sint  homines,  qui  ilium,  quum  profec- 
tus  sit,  ejectum  esse  dicant,  iidem,  si  interfectus  esset,  quid 
dicerent?  16.  Quamquam  isti,  qui  Catilinam  Massiliam 
ire  ^dictitant,  non  tarn  hoc  queruntur,  quam  verentur. 
Nemo  est  istorum  tarn  misericors,  qui  ilium  non  ad  Man- 
lium  quam  ad  Massilienses  ire  malit.  Ille  autem,  si  meher- 
cule  hoc,  quod  agit,  nunquam  ante .  cogitasset,  tamen  latro- 
cinanteni  se  interfici  mallet,  quam  exsulem  vivere.  Nunc 
vero,  quum  ei  nihil  adhuc  praeter  ipsius  vohmtatem  cogita- 
tionemque   acciderit,  nisi    quod  vivis  nobis  Roma   profec- 


ORATIO    II.    IN    ( 'ATI  UN' AM.  1(.) 


ft 


tafl  est,   optemus  potius,  ut  cat  in  exsilium,  quam   quae- 

raillUr-        |  bAM 

VJJJ..J17.   Sed  cur  tamdiu  de  uno  hostc  loquinmr,  et  de 

eo  lioste,  qui  jam  fatctur  se  esse  hostem,  et  quern,  quia, 
quod  semper  volui,  murus  interest,  non  timeo:  de  his,  qui 
dissimYtlant,  qui  Ltomae  remanent,  qui  nobiseum  sunt,  nihil 
dicimus?  Q'uos  quidem  ego,  si  ullo  modo  fieri  possit,  non 
tarn  ulcisci  studeo  quain  sanare,  et  ipsos  placare  rei  publicae  ; 
Deque  id  quare  fieri  non  possit,  si  me  audi  re  vol  nt,  intelligo. 
Exponam  enim  vobis  Quirites,  ex  quilms  generiDua  hominum 
istae  copiae  compareutur  :  deinde  singulis  medicinajn  con- 
silii  atque  orationis  meae,  si  quam  potero,  affeva^m.  18. 
Unum  genus  est  eorum,  qui  magno  in  aere  alie'no  majores 
otiam  possessionem  habent,  quaruin  amove  adducti,  dissolvi 
nullo  modo  possunt.  Iloruni  hominum  species  est  honestis- 
sima ;  sunt  enim  locuplctes  :  voluntas  vero  et  causa  impu- 
dent issima.  Tu  agris,  tu  aedificiis,  tu  argento,  tu  familia, 
tu  rebus  omnibus  ornat.us  et  copiosus  sis,  et  dubites  de 
possessione  detrahere,  acquirere  ad  fidcm  ?  Quid  enim 
exspectas  ?  Bellum  ?  Quid  ?  Ergo  in  vastatione  omnium 
tuas  possessions  sacrosanctas  futuras  piitas?  An  tabulas 
novas?  Errant,  qui  istas  a  Catilina  exspectant.  _M<o 
beneficio  tabulae  novae  proferentur,  verum  auctionariae. 
Neque  enim  isti,  qui  possessiones habent,  alia  ratione  ulla 


salvi  esse  possunt.  •,  Quod  si  maturius  facere  voluissent, 
neque  (id  quod  stultissimum  est)  certare  cum  usuris  fructi- 
bus  praediorum,  et  locupletioribus  liis  et  melioribus  civibus 
uteremur.  Sed  hosce  homines  minime  puto  pertimescendos, 
(juod  aut  deduci  de  sententia  possunt;  aut,  si  permanebunt, 
inagis  mihi  videntur  vota  factnri  contra  rem  publicam,  quam 
arma  laturi.  i  '■  *£       / 

IX.  19.  Alterum  genus  est  eorum,  quj  quamquam 
premuntur  aere  afieno,  dominationem  talnen  exspectant, 
rerum  potm  vmunt/honores,  quos  quieta  re  publica  des- 
perant,  perturbata  consequi  se  posse  arottrantur.  Quibus 
hoc  jmtf&ipieinTuin  videtur,  unum  scilicet  et  idem,  quod 

Vjjti    Cfl^  K*A±. 


20  OEATIO    II.    IN   CATTLINAM. 

reliquis  omnibus,  ut  desperent,  se  id,  quod  conantur,  con- 

sequi  posse  :  priinum  omnium,  me  ipsum  vigilare,  adesse, 

providere  rei  publicae  ;  dehicfe  magnos  animos  esse  in  bonis 

viris,  magnam  concordiam,  maximam  multitudinem,  magnas 

praeterea  copias  militum ;    deos   denique  immortales  huic 

invicto  populo,  clarissimo  imperio,  pulcherrimae  urbi  contra 

tantam  vim  sceleris  praesentes  auxilium  esse  latiiros.     Quod 

si  jam  smt  id,  quod  cum  summo  furore  cupiunt,  adepti,  num 

illi  in  ciiiere  urbis  et  in  sanguine  civium,  quae  mente  con- 

scelerata  ac  nefaria  conciipierunt,  consules  se,  aut  dictatores, 

aut  etiam  reges  sperant  futuros  ?     Non  vident  id  se  cupere, 

quod  si  adepti  sint,  fugitivo  alicui  aut  gladiatori  concedi  sit 

necesse?/    20.     Tertium  genus  est  aetate  jam  affectum,  sed 

tamen  exercitatione  robustum  :  quo  ex  genere  iste  est  Man- 

lius,  cui  nunc  Catilina  succedit.     Hi  sunt  homines  ex  iis 

*  ^ ■ .      .  v  \*AiJLt- 

coloniis,  quas  Faesulis  Sulla  constituit :  quas  ego  uniyersas 

civium  esse  optimorum  et  fortissimorum  virorum  sentio  : 

sed  tamen  hi  sunt  coloni,  qui  se  in  insperatis  ac  repentinis 

pecuniis    sumptuosius  insolentiusque  jactaruntA  Hi  dum 

aedificant,  tamquam  beati,   dum  praediis,   lecticis,   familiis 

magnis,  conviviis  apparatis  delectantur,  in  tantum  aes  alie- 

num  inciderunt, "  ut,   si  salvi  esse  velmt^    Sulla  sit  iis  ab 

inferis  excitandus.     Qui  etiam  nonnullos  agrestes,  homines 

tenues    atque    egentes,  in   eandem    illam    sp'em   rapinarum 

veterum  impulerunt ;  quos  ego,  Quirites,  in  eodem  genere 

praedatorum    clireptorumque  pono.      Sed  eos   hoc    moneo : 

desinant    furere,    et   proscriptiones    et    dictaturas'  cogitare. 

Tantus  enim  illorum  temporum  dolor  inustus  est  civitati,  ut 

iam  ista  non  modo  homines,  sed  ne  pecudes  quidem  mihi 

passurae  esse  videantur. 

X.     21.  Quartum  genus  est  .sane  varium  et  mixtum  et 

turbulentuin  ;    qui    jampridem   premuntur,    qui   nuriquam 

emergunt ;  qui  partim  inertia,  partim  male  gerendo  negotio, 

partim  etiam  sumptibus  in  vetere  acre  alieno  vacillant ;  qui 

vadimoniis,  judiciis,   proscriptionibus   bonorum    defatigati, 

permulti  et  ex  urbe,  et  ex  agris  se  in  ilia  castra  conferre 


OKATio    II.    IN   CATILINAM.  21 

dicuntur.     Hosce  ego  non  tarn  milites  acres,  quam  iniitia- 

toree  L^ntos  esse  arbitror.     Qui  hoi  iinum  si  stare  non 

sed  ita,  ut  non  niodo   ci vitas,  sod  no 

lcTni  quideba   jiroximi  smtiant.     Nam  illud  non   int clliur< >, 

4uamobrem,  si  vivere  honeste  non  possunt,  perire  turpiter 
elint,  aut  cur  minora  dolore  peritiiros  se  cum  multis,  quam 
si  soli  pereant,  arbitivntur/j  22.  Quintum  genus  est  par- 
ricidarum,  sicariorum,  dehique  omnium  faci'norosorum  ;  quos 
ego  a  Catilina  non  revbco ;  nam  neque  divelli  ab  eo  possunt, 
et  pereant  sane  in  latrocinioj  quohiara  sunt  ita  multi,  ut  eos 
cam  r  capore  non  possitjf  Postremum  autem  genus  est,  non 
•lum  numero,  verum  etiam  gene  re  ipso  atque  vita,  quod 
proprium  Catilinae  est,  de  ejus  delectu,  immo  vero,  do 
eomplexu  ejus  ac  sinu ;  quos  pexo  capillo,  nitidos,  aut 
imberbes,  aut  bene  barbatos  videtis,  manicatis  et  talari- 
bus  tunicis,  velis  amictos,  non  togisl;'  quorum  omnis  indus- 
tria  vitae,  et  vigilandi  labor  in  antelucanis  coenis  expromi- 
tur.  23.  In  his  gregibus  omnes  aleatores,  omnes  adulteri, 
omnes  impuri  impudicique  versanti! r.  Hi  pueri  tarn  lepidi 
ac  delicati  non  solum  amare  et  amari,  neque  cantare  et 
psaliere,  sed  etiam  sicasvibrare  et  spargere  venena  didice- 
runt ;  qui  nisi  exeunt,  nisi  pereunt,  etiam  si  Catilina  perierit, 
scitote  hoc  in  re  publica  semmarium  Catilinarium  futurum. 
Yerumtamen  quid  sibi  isti  miseriiVolunt  ?  Num  suas  secum 
mulierculas  sunt  in  castra  ducturi  ?  Qucmadmodum  autem 
illis  carere  poterunt,  his  praesertim  jam  noetibus  ?  Quo 
autem  pacto  illi  Apenninum,  afque  illas  pruinas  ac  nives 
perferent  ?  Nisi  idcirco  se  facilius  hiemem  toleraturos 
putant,  quod  nudi  in  conviviis  s'altare  didicerunt. 

XI.     24.  O  bellum  magno  opere  pertimescendum,  quum 


hanc  sit  habiturus  Catilina  scortorum  cohortem  praetoriam  Voji^^ 
Tnstruite  nunc,  Quirites,  contra  has  tarn  praeclaras  Cati-  ' 

linae  copias,  vestra  praesidia,  vestrosque  exercitus ;  et 
primum  gladiatori  illi  confecto  et  saucio  consules  impera- 
toresque  vestros  opponite  :  deinde  contra  illam.naufragorum 
ejectam  ac  debilitatam  nianum,  florem  totius  Italiae  ac  robur 


-rt 


22  ORATIO     II.    IN    CATILINAM. 

educite.  Jam  vero  urbes  coloniarum  ac  municijnorum 
resj)ondebunt  Catilinae  tumulis  silvestribus.  JSTeque  ego 
ceteras  copias,  ornaments,  praesidia  vestra,  cum  illius  la- 
tronis  inopia  atque  egestate  confcrre  debeo^|p$6.  Sed,  si, 
omissisVjiis  rebus J  omnibus,  quibus  nos  suppeditamur,  eget 
ille,\senatu,  equitibus  Romania,  populo,  urbe,  aerario,  vec- 
tigalibus,  cuncta  Italia,  provinciis  omnibus,  exteris  nationi- 
buSji  si,  liis  rebus  omissis,  causas  ipsas,  quae  inter  se  con-  /^ 
fligunt,  contendere  velimus  :  exeo_j£SoJ  quam  valde^illi 
jaceant  intelligere  possumus.  Ex  liac  enim  parte  pudor 
pugnat,  illinc  petulantia :  liinc  pudicitia,  illinc  stuprum : 
liinc  fides,  illinc  fraudatio :  hinc  pietajs,  illinc  scelus  :  bine 
constantia,  illinc  furor:  hinc,  honestas,  illinc  turpitudo : 
hinc  contineniia,  illinc  libido  :  denique  (aequitas,  tempe-  $X 
rantia,  fortitudo,  prudentia,)virtutes  omnes,  certant  cum 
iniquitate,  luxuria^gnavia,  temeritate,  cum  vitiis  omnibus : 
postremo  copia  cum  egestate,  bona  ratio  cum  perdifta^mens 
sana  cum  amentia,  bona  denique  spes  cum  omnium  rerum 
desperatione  confligit.  In  huj  usmodi" certain ine  ac  proelio, 
nonne,  etiam  si  hominum  studia  deficiant,  dii  ipsi  im- 
mortales  cogent  ab  his  praeclarissimis  virtutibusl  tot  et 
tanta  vitia  superari  ? 

XII.  26.  Quae  quum  ita  sint,  Quirites,  vos,  quemadmo- 
\i  dum  jam  an  tea,  vestra  tecta  custodiis  vigiliisque  defendite  : 
^mihi,  ut  urbi  sine  vestro  motu,  ac  sine  ullo  tumultu  satis 
esset  praesidii,  consultum  atque  provisum  est.  Coloni  omnes 
niunicipesque  vestri,  certiores  a  me  facti  de  hac  nocturna 
excursione  Catilinae,  facile  urbes  suas  finesque  dependent : 
gladiatores,  quam  sibi  ille  manum  certissimaiiinoreputavit, 
quamquam  meliore  animo  sunt  quam  pars  patriciorum,  potes- 
tate  tamen  nostra  continebuntur.  Q.  Metellus,  quem  ego 
hoc  prospiciens  in  agrum  Gallicum  Picenumque  praemisi, 
aut  opprimet  hominem,  aut  ejus  omnes  motus  conatusque 
prohibebit.  Reliquis  autem  de  rebus  constituendis,  matu- 
randis,  agendis,  jam  ad  senatum  referemus,  quem  vocari 
videtis. 


ORATIO     II.     I\     (A  II  LI. NAM.  23 

27.  Nunc  illps,  qui  in  urbe  rcinanserunt,  (atque  adeo/qui 

i-oiitia  uiliis  salutcin  oimiiuni(|iic  nostrum  in  urbe  a  Catilina 
relicti  sunt,  quamquam  sunt  hostes,  tamen,  quia  nati  sunt 
i dve&j  monitoe  cos  etiam  atque  etiam  volo.  Mea  lenitas  ad- 
huc  si  cui  solutior  visa  est,  hoc  expcctavit,  ut  id,  quod  late- 
bat,  ( rumperet.  Quod  reliquum  est,Jam  non  possum  obli- 
visci  meam  hanc  esse  patriam,  me  liorum  esse  consulem, 
mild  aut  cum  his  vivendum,  aut  pro  his  esse  meriendum. 
Nullus  est  portis  custos,  nullus  insidiator  viae:  si  qui  v—** \ 
ex  ire  volunt,  connivere  possum:  qufvero   se  in  urbe  com-  /*"• 

moverit,  cujus  ego  non  modo  factum,  sed  inceptum  ullum 
conatumve  contra  patriam  deprehendero,  sentient  in  hac 
urbe  esse  consules  vigilantes,  esse  egregios  magistratus,  esse 
fortem  senatum,  esse  arma,  esse  carcerem,  quern  vindicem 
nefa  riorum  ac  manifesto  rum  scelerum  majores  nostri  esse 
voluerunt. 

XL II.  28.  Atque  haec  omnia  sic  agentur,  Quirites,  ut 
res  maxima  minimo  motu,  pericula  summa  nullo  tumultu, 
bellum  intestinum  ac  domesticum  post  hominum  memoriam 
crudt'lissimum  et  maximum,  me  uno  togato  duce  et  impera- 
tore,  sedetur.  Quod  ego  sic  administrabo,  Quirites,  ut,  si 
ullo  modo  fieri  poterit,  ne  improbus  quidem  quisquam  in  hac 
urbe  i)oenam  sui  sceleris  s^perat.  Sed  si  vis  manifestae 
audaciae,  si  impendens  patriae  periculum  me  necessario  de 
hac  animi  lenitate  deduxerit,  illud  profecto  peficiam,  quod 
in  tanto  et  tarn  insidioso  bello  vix  optandum  videtur,  ut 
neque  bonus  quisquam  intereat,  paucorumque  ]>oena  vos  jam 
omnes  salvi  esse  possitis.  29.  Quae  quidem  ego  neque  mea 
prudentia,  neque  humanis  consiliis  fretus  polliceor  vobis, 
Quirites ;  sed  multis  et  non  dubiis  deorum  immortalium 
significationibus,  quibus  ego  ducibus  in  hanc  spem  senten- 
tiamque  sum  ingressus;  ^ii  jam  non  procul,  ut  quondam 
solebant,  ab  externo  hoste  atque  longinquo,  sed  hie  praesen- 
tes  suo  numine  atque  auxilio  sua  templa  atque  urbis  tecta 
defendunt ;  quos  vos,  Quirites,  precari,  venerari,  atque  im- 
plorare  debetis,  ut,  quam  urbem  pulcherrimam,  florentissi- 


24  ORATIO     II.    IN    CATILINAM. 

mam,  potentissimamque  esse  voluerunt,  hanc,  omnibus  hos- 
tium  copiis  terra  manque  superatis,  a  perditissimorum  civium 
nefario  scelere  defendant. 


IN 

L.     C  ATI  LIN  AM 

ORATIO  TERTIA, 
AD      QUIKITES. 


I.  1.  Rem  publicam,  Quirites,  vitamqiie  omnium  ves- 
trum,  bona,  fortunas,  cOnjuges,  liberosque  vestros,  atque  hoc 
domicilium  clarissimi  imperii,  fortunatissimam  pulcherri- 
mamque  urbem  hodierno  die  deorum  immortalium  summo 
erga  vos  amore,  laborious,  consiliis,  periculis  meis,  ex  flamma 
atque  frrro,  ac  paene  ex  faucibus  fati  ereptam  et  vobis  con- 
servatam  ac  restitutam  videtis.  2.  Et,  si  non  minus  nobis 
jucnndi  atque  illusltressunt  ii  dies,  quibus  conservamur, 
quam  illi,  quibus  nascimur,  quod  salutis  certa  laetitia  est, 
nascendi  incerta  conditio,  et  quod  sine  sensu  nascimur,  cum 
voluptate  servamur,»Jprofecto,  quoniam  ilium,  qui  hanc 
urbem  condidit,  ad  deos  immortales  benevolehtia  famaque 
sustulrmus,  j  esse  apud  vos  posterosque  vestros  in  honore 
debebit  is,  qui  eandem  hanc  urbem  conditam  amplifica- 
tamque  servavit.  Nam  toti  urbi,  templis,  delubris,  tectis  ac 
moenibus  subjectos  prope  jam  ignes  circumdatosque  restinxi-  y, 
mus,  iidemque  gladios  in  rem  publicam  destrictos  retudimus,  "rH^ 
mucronesque  eorum  a  jugulis  vestris  dejecimus.  3.  Quae 
quoniam  in  senatu  illustrata,  patefacta,  comperta  sunt  per 
me,  vobis  jam  exponam  breviter,  Quirites,  ut  et  quanta,  et 
quam  manifesta,  et  qua  ratione  investigata  et  comprehensa 
sint,  vos,  qui  ignoratis,  ex  actis  scire  possitis. 

2  ^ttffrSM* 

\ 


26 


ORATIO    III.     IN    CATILINAM. 


Principio,  lit  Catilina  paucis  ante  cliebus  erupit  ex  urbe, 
quum  sceleris  sui  socios,  hujusce  nefarii  belli  acerrimos 
duces  Romae  reliquisset,  semper  vigilavi  et  providi,  Quirites, 
quemadmodum  in  tantis  et  tarn  absconditis  insidiis  salvi  esse 
possemus. 

II.  Nam  turn,  quum  ex  urbe  Catilinam  ejiciebam  (non 
eiiim  jam  vereor  lmjus  verbi  invidiam,  quum  ilia  magis  sit 
tirnenda,  quod  vivus  exierit),  sed  turn,  quum  ilium  extermi- 
nari  volebam,  aut  reliquam  conjuratorum  manum  simul 
exituram,  aut  eos,  qui  restitissent,  infirmos  sine  illo  ac 
debiles  fore  putabam.  4.  AtqtlB  ego,  ut  vicli,  quos  maxime 
furore  et  scelere  esse  inflammatos  sciebam,  eos  nobiscum 
esse  et  Komae  remansisse,.  in  eo  omnes  dies  noctesque  con- 
sumpsi,  ut,  quid  agerent,  quid  molirentur,  sentirem  ac 
viderem  :  ut,  quoniam  auribus  vestris,  propter  incredibilem  J< 
magnitudinem  sceleris,  minorem  fidem  faceret  oratio  mea, 
rem  ita  coniprehenderem,  ut  turn  demum  animis  saluti  ves- 
trae  provideretis,  quum  oculis  maleficium  ipsum  videretis.  ^ 
J>.  Itaque  ut  comperi  legatos  Allobrogum,  belli  Transalpini 
et  tumultus  Gallici  excitandi  causa,  a  P^Lentulo  esse  solli- 
citatos,  eosque  in  Galliam  ad  suos  cives  eodemque  itinere 
cum  Uteris  mandatisque  ad"  Catilinam  esse  missos,  comitem- 
que  iis  adjunctum  T.  Volturcium,  atque  liuic  esse  ad  Cati- 
linam datas  literas,  facultatem  mihi  oblatam  putavi,  ut, 
quod  erat  difficillimum,  quodque  ego  semper  optabam  a  diis 
immortalibus,  ut  tota  res  non  solum  a  me,  sed  etiam  a 
senatu  et  a  vobis  manifesto  deprehenderetur.  Itaque  hes- 
terno  die  L.  Flaccum  et  C.  Pomptinum,  praetores,  fortissi-  ^ 
mos  atque  amantissimos  rei  publicae  viros,  ad  me  vocavi ; 
rem  omnem  exposui;  quid  fieri  placeret,  ostendi.  Illi 
autem,  qui  omnia  de  re  publica  praeclara  atque  egregia 
sentirent,  sine  recusatione  ac  sine  ulla  mora  negotium  sus- 
ceperunt,  et,  quum  advesperasceret,  occulte  ad  pontem  Mul- 
vium  pervenerunt,  atque  ibi  in  proximis  villis  ita  bipartito 
fuerunt,  ut  Tiberis  inter  eos  et  poris  interesset.  Eodem 
autem  et  ipsi  sine  cujusquam  suspicione  multos  fortes  viros 


ORATIO     III.    IN     CAT1LINAM.    x  27 

eduxerunt,  ctego  ex  praefectura  Reatina  complures  delectos 
adoleeoentes,    quorum    opera   utor   assidue   in   re    publica, 

.  rj>raeaidio  cum  gladiis  iniseram«jgJ6.  Interim,  tertia  fere 
vigilia  exacta,  quum  jam  pontem  Mulvium  magno  comitatu 
legati  Allobrogum  ingredi  inciperent  unaque  Volturcius,  fit 
in  eos  impetus;    educuntur  et  ab  illis  gladii  et  a  nostris. 

.     li<s  (  rat  praetoribus  nota  solis  ;  ignorabatur  a  ceteris. 

III.  Turn  interventu  Pomptini  atque  Flacci  pugna,  quae 
erst  commissa,  sedatur.  Literae,  quaecunque  erant  in  eo 
comitatu,  integria  signis  praetoribus  traduntur ;  ipsi  coin- 
prehensi  ad  me,  quum  jam  dilucesceret,  deducuntur.  Atque 
liorum  omnium,  scelerum  improbissimum  machinatorem 
Cimbrum  Gabinium  statim  ad  me  nihil  dum  suspicantem 
vocavi.  Deinde  item  arcessitur  L.  Statilius,  et  post  eum 
0.  Cethegus.  Tardissime  autem  Lentulus  venit,  credo  quod 
in  Uteris  his  dandis  praeter  consuetudinem  proxima  nocte 
vigilaverat.  7.  Quum  vero  summis  et  clarissimis  liujus 
civitatis  viris,  qui  audita  re  frequentes  ad  me  mane  con- 
venerant,  literas  a  me  prius  aperiri  quam  ad  senatum  refer ri 
placeret,  ne,  si  nihil  esset  inventum,  temere  a  me  tantus 
tumultus  injectus  civitati  videretur,  negavi  me  esse  factu- 
rum,  ut  de  periculo  publico  non  ad  consilium  publicum  rem 
integram  deferrem.  Etenim,  Quirites,  si  ea,  quae  erant  ad 
me  delata,  reperta  non  essent,  tamen  ego  non  arbitrabar,  in 
tantis  rei  publicae  periculis,  esse  mihi  nimiam  diligentiam 
pertimescendam.  Senatum  frequentem  celeriter,  ut  vidistis, 
coegi.  8.  Atque  interea  statim  admonitu  Allobrogum  C. 
Sulpicium  praetorem,  fortem  virum,  misi,  qui  ex  aedibus 
Cethegi,  si  quid  telorum  esset,  efferret ;  ex  quibus  ille  maxi- 
mum sicarum  numerum  et  gladiorum  extulit. 

IV.  Introduxi  Yolturcium  sine  Gallis :  fidem  ei  publi- 
cam  jussu  senatus  dedi;  hortatus  sum,  ut  ea,  quae  sciret, 
sine  metu  indicaret.  Turn  ille  dixit,  quum  vix  se  ex  magno 
timore  recreasset,  a  P.  Lentulo  se  habere  ad  Oatilinam 
mandata  et  literas,  ut  servorum  praesidio  uteretur,  et  ad 
urbem  quam  primum  cum  exercitu  accederet :  id  autem  eo 


28  ORATIO    III.    IN    CATILINAM. 

consilio,  ut,  quum  urbem  ex  omnibus  partibus,  queniad- 
moduni  descriptum  distributuinque  erat,  incendissent.caed- 
enique  infinitam  civium  fecissent,  praesto  esset  ille,  qui  et 
fugientes  exciperet,  et  se  cum  his  urbanis  ducibus  con- 
jungeret.  9.  Introducti  autem  Galli  jusjurandum  sibi  et 
literas  a  Lentulo,  Cethego,  Statilio  ad  suam  gentem  datas 
esse  dixerunt,  atque  ita  sibi  ab  his  et  a  L.  Cassio  esse  v*i 
praescriptum,  ut  equitatum  in  Italiam  quam  primum  mit- 
terent :  j>edestres  sibi  'copias  non  defuturas  ;  Lentulum 
autem  sibi  confirmasse  ex  fatis  Sibyllinis  haruspicumque 
responsis,  esse  se  tertium  ilium  Cornelium,  ad  quern  regnum 
hujus  urbis  atque  imperium  pervenire  esset  necesse;  Cin- 
nam  ante  se  et  Sullam  fuisse ;  eundemque  dixisse  fatalem 
hunc  esse  annum  ad  interitum  hujus  urbis  atque  imperii, 
qui  esset  decimus  annus  post  Virginum  absolutionem,  post 
Capitolii  autem  incensionem  vicesimus.  10.  Hanc  autem 
Cethego  cum  ceteris  controversiain  fuisse  dixerunt,  quod 
Lentulo  et  aliis  caedem  Saturnalibus  fieri  atque  urbem  in- 
cendi  placeret,  Cethego  nimium  id  longum  videretur. 

V.  Ac,  ne  longum  sit,  Quirites,  tabellas  proferri  jussi- 
mus,  quae  a  quoque  dicebantur  datae.,  Primum  ostendimus 
Cethego  signum  ;  cognovit.  Nos  linum  mcidimus ;  legimus. 
Erat  scriptum  ipsius  manu  Allobrogum  senatui  et  populo, 
sese,  quae  eorum  legatis  confirmasset,  facturum  esse :  orare, 
ut  item  illi  facerent,  quae  sibi  eorum  legati  recepissent. 
Turn  Cethegus,  qui  paullo  ante  aliquid  tamen  de  gladiis  ac 
sicis,  quae  apud  ipsum  erant  deprehensae,  respondisset, 
dixissetque  se  semper  bonorum  ferramentorum  studiosum 
fuisse,  recitatis  Uteris  debilitatus  atque  abjectus,  conscientia 
convictus,  repente  conticuit.  Introductus  est  Statilius ; 
cognovit  et  signum  et  manum  suam.  Recitatae  sunt  tabel- 
lae  in  eandem  fere  sententiam  :  confessus  est.  Turn  ostendi 
tabellas  Lentulo  et  quaesivi,  cognosceretne  signum.  Annuit. 
— "  Est  vero,  inquam,  notum  signum,  imago  avi  tui,  claris- 
simi  viri,  qui  amavit  unice  patriam  et  cives  suos :  quae 
quidem  te  a  tanto  scelere  etiam  muta  revocare   debuit." 


ORATIO    III.    IN    CATII.INAM.  29 

11.  Leguntur  eadem  ratione  ad  scnatum  Allobrogum  popu- 
lumque  litef&e.  Si  quid  de  his  rebus  dicero  vellet,  feci 
jx.tcstatem.      Atque  ille  primo  quidem  negavit ;  post  autem 

I  uliquanto,  toto  jam  indicin  expoidto  atque  cdito,  sunv\it; 
quaeeivit  a  Gallis,  quid  Sbi  ease)  cum  iis ;  quamobrem 
domum  snam  venissent;  itemque  a  Volturcio.  Qui  quum 
illi  breviter  constauterque  respoudissent,  per  quern  ad  euni  vwju-^ 
quotiensque  venissent,  quaesissentque  ab  eo,  nihilne  secum  a^ 
esset  de  fatis  Sibyllinis  locutus,  turn  ille  subito,  scelere 
demens,  quanta  conscientiae  vis  esset,  ostendit.  Nam,  quimi^^* 
id  posset  infitiari,  repente  praeter  opinionem  omnium  con- 
fessus  est.  Ita  eum  non  modo  ingenium  illud  et  dicendi 
exercitatio,  qua  semper  valuit,  sed  etiam,  propter  vim 
sceleris  manifesti  atque  deprehensi,  impudentia,  qua  super- 
abat  omnes,  improbitasque  defecit.  12.  Yolturcius  vero 
subito  literas  proferri  atque  aperiri  jussit,  quas  sibi  a  Len- 
tulo  ad  Catilinam  datas  esse  dicebat.  Atque  ibi  vehemen- 
tissime  perturbatus  Lentulus,  tamen  et  signum  et  manum 
Buam  cognovit.  Erant  autem  scriptae  sine  nomine,  sed  ita : 
Qui  sim,  scies  ex  eo,  quern  ad  te  misi.  Cura,  ut  vir  sis,  et 
cogita  quern  in  locum  sis  progressus  et  vide,  quid  jam  tibi  sit 
necesse.  Et  cur  a,  ut  omnium  tibi  auxilia  adjungas,  etiam 
infimorum.  Gabinius  deinde  introductus,  quum  primo  im- 
pudenter  respondere  coepisset,  ad  extremum  nihil  ex  iis, 
quae  Galli  msiinmajoant,  negavit.  13.  Ac  mihi  quidem, 
Quirites,  quum  ilia  certissima  sunt  visa  argumenta  atque 
indicia  sceleris,  tabellae,  signa,  manus,  denique  unius  cuj  us- 
que confessio,  turn  multo  certiora  ilia,  color,  oculi,  vultus,. 
taciturnitas.  Sic  enim  obstupuerant,  sic  terrain  intuebantur, 
sic  furtim  nonnunquam  inter  se  adspiciebant,  tot  non  jam  ab 
aliis  indicari,  sed  ipsi  a  se  viderentur.  ■ 

•^jfe7"!.  Indiciis  expositis  atque  editis,  Quirites,  senatum 
consului,  de  summa  re  publica  quid  fieri  placeret.  Dictae 
sunt  a  principibus  acerrimae  ac  fortissimae  sententiae,  quas 
senatus  sine  ulla  varietate  est  consecutus.  Et  quoniam  non- 
dum  est  perscriptum  senatus  consultum,  ex  memoria  vobis, 


30  ORATIO     III.    IN    CATILINAM. 

Quirites,  quid  senatus  censuerit,  exponam.  14.  Primum 
mihi  gratiae  verbis  amplissimis  aguntur,  quod  virtute,  con- 
silio,  providcntia  mea,  res  publica  maximis  periculis  sit  libe- 
rata ;  deinde  L.  Flaccus  et  C.  Pomptinus,  praetores,  quod 
eorum  opera  forti  fidelique  usus  essem,  merito  ac  jure  lau- 
dantur:  atque  etiam  viro  forti,  collegae  meo,  laus  impertitur, 
v  quod  eos,  qui  hujus  conjurationis  participes  fuissent,  a  suis 
et  rei  publicae  consiliis  removisset.  Atque  ita  censueruut, 
ut  P.  Lentulus,  quum  se  praetura  abdicasset,  in  custodiam 
traderetur:  atque  idem  hoc  decretum  est  in  L.  Cassium,  qui 
sibi  procurationem  incendendae  urbis  depoposcerat :  in  M. 
Caeparium,  cui  ad  sollicitandos  pastores  Apuliam  esse  attri- 
butam,  erat  indicatum  :  in  P.  Furiuni,  qui  est  ex  iis  colonis, 
quos  Faesulas  L.  Sulla  deduxit :  in  Q.  Manlium  Chilonenij 
qui  una  cum  hoc  Furio  semper  erat  in  hac  Allobrogum  solli- 
citatione  versatus :  in  P.  Umbrenum,  libertinum  hominem, 
a  quo  primum  Gallos  ad  Gabinium  perductos  esse  constabat. 
15.  Atque  ea  lenitate  senatus  usus  est,  Quirites,  ut  ex  tanta 
conjuratione,  tantaque  vi  ac  multitudine  domesticorum  hos- 
tium,  novem  hominum  perditissimorum  poena  re  publica 
conservata,  reliquorum  mentes  sanari  posse  arbitraretur. 
Atque  etiam  supplicatio  diis  immortalibus,  pro  singulari 
eorum  merito,  meo  nomine  decreta  est,  Quirites  ;  quod  raihi 
primum  post  banc  urbem  conditam  togato  contigit :  et  his 
decreta  verbis  est,  Quod  urbem  jncendiis,  gaede  gives, 
Italiam  bello  liberassem.  Quae  supplicatio  si  cum  ceteris 
supplicationibus  conferatur,  Quirites,  hoc  intersit,  quod 
ceterae  bene  gesta,  haec  una,  conservata  re  publica,  constituta 
est.  Atque  illud,  quod  faciendum  primum  fuit,  factum 
atque  transactum  est.  Nam  P.  Lentulus,  quamquam  pate- 
factus  indiciis  et  confessionibus  suis,  judicio  senatus,  non 
modo  praetoris  jus,  verum  etiam  civis  amiserat,  tamen  ma- 
gistratu  se  abdicavit :  ut,  quae  religio  C.  Mario,  clarissimo 
viro,  non  fuerat,  quo  minus  C.  Glauciam,  de  quo  nihil  nomi- 
natim  erat  decretum,  praetorem  occideret,  ea  nos  religione 
in  privato  P.  Lentulo  puniendo  liberaremur. 


ORATIO     III.    IN    CATILINAM.  31 

VII.  16.  Nunc,  quoniam,  Qui  rites,  scelcratissiini  pericu- 
losissimique  belli  nefarios  duces  captos  jam  et  comprehensos 
tenetis,  exist Lmare  debetis,  oinnes  Catilinae  copias,  pmnes 
spes  atque  opes,  his  depuUos  urbis  jaericulis,  conci«i 
Quern  quidem\ego  quum  ex  urbe  pellebam,  hoc  providi-bam 
aninio,  Quirites,  remoto  Catilina  non  mihi  esse  PTXenUili 
somnum,  nee  L.  Cassii  adipem,  nee  C.  Cethegi  furiosam 
temeritatem  pertimescendam.  Ille  erat  unus  timendus  ex 
his  omnibus,  sed  tamdiu,  dum  moenibus  urbis  continebatur. 
Omnia  norat,  omnium  aditus  tenebat ;  appellare,  tentatv, 
sollicitare  poterat,  audi'bat . ;  erat  ei  consmum  ad  facinus 
apt  um;  consilio  autem  neque  lingua,  neque  manus  deerat ; 
jam  ad  certas  res  conficiendas  certos  homines  delectos  ac 
descriptos  habebat;  neque  vero,  quum  aliquid  mandaverat, 
confectum  putabat.  Nihil  erat,  quod  non  ipse  obiret,  occur- 
reret,  vigilaret,  laboraret ;  frigus,  sitim,  famem  ferre  poterat. 
17.  Hunc  ego  hominem  tam  acrem,  tarn  paratum,  tarn  auda- 
cem,  tam  callidum,  tam  in  scelere  vigilantem,  tam  in  perditis 
rebus  diligentem,  nisi  ex  domesticis  insidiis  in  castrense 
latrocinium  compulissem  (dicam  id,  quod  sentio,  Quirites), 
non  facile  hanc  tantam  molem  mali  a  cervicibus  vestris  depu- 
lissem.  Non  ille  nobis  Saturnalia  constituisset,  neque'tanto 
ante  exitii  ac  fati  diem  rei  publicae  denuntiavisset,  nee  com- 
misisset,  ut  signum,  ut  literae  suae,  testes  manifesti  sceleris 
deprehenderentur.  Quae  nunc,  illo  absente,  sic  gesta  sunt, 
ut  nullum  in  privata  domo  furtum  unquam  sit  tam  palam 
inventum,  quam  haec  in  tota  re  publica  conjuratio  manifesto 
inventa  atque  deprehensa  est.  Quod  si  Catilina  in  urbe  ad 
hanc  diem  remansisset,  quamquam,  quoatrfuit,  omnibus  ejus 
consiliis  occurri  atque  obstiti,  tamen,  ut  levissime  dicam, 
dimkandum  nobis  cum  illo  fuisge^  neque  nos  unquam,  quum 
ille  in  urbe  hostis  esset,  tantis  periculis  rem  publicam,  tanta 
pace,  tanto  otio,  tanto  silentio,  liberassemus. 

VIII.  18.  Quamquam  haec  omnia,  Quirites,  ita  sunt  a 
me  administrata,  ut  deorum  immortalium  nutu  atque  consi- 
lio et  gesta  et  provisa  esse  videantur.     Idque  quum  conjee- 


32  OEATIO     III.     IN    CATILINAM. 

tura  consequi  possumus,  quod  vix  videtur  humani  consilii 
tantarum  rerum  gubernatio  esse  potuisse ;  turn  vero  ita  prae- 
sentes  his  temporibus  opem  et  auxilium  nobis  tulerunt,  ut 
eos  paene  oculis  videre  possemus.  Nam,  ut  ilia  omittam, 
visas  nocturno  tempore  ab  occidente  faces,  ardoremque  coeli, 
ut  fulminum  j  actus,  ut  terrae  motus,  ceteraque,  quae  tarn 
multa  nobis  consulibus  facta  sunt,  ut  haec,  quae  nunc  fiunt, 
;  canere  dii  immortales  viderentur :  hoc  certe,  Quirites,  quod 

sum  dicturus,  neque  praetermittendum,  neque  relinquendum 
est.  19.  Nam  profecto  memoria  tenetis,  Cotta  et  Torquato 
consulibus,  complures  in  Capitolio  res  de  coelo  esse  percus- 
sas,  quum  et  simulacra  deorum  immortalium  depulsa  sunt, 
et  statuae  veterum  hominum  dejectae,  et  legum  aera  lique- 
facta  ;  tactus  est  etiam  ille,  qui  hanc  urbem  condidit,  Romu- 
lus ;  quern  inauratum  in  Capitolio  parvum  atque  lactantem, 
uberibus  lupinis  inhiantem,  fuisse  meministis.  Quo  quidem 
tempore,  quum  haruspices  ex  tota  Etruria  convenissent,  cae- 
des  atque  incendia,  et  legum  interitum  et  bellum  civile  ac 
domesticum,  et  totius  urbis  atque  imperii  occasum  appropin- 
quare  dixerunt,  nisi  dii  immortales,  omni  ratione  placati, 
suo  numine  prope  fata  ipsa  flexissent.  20.  Itaque  illorum 
responsis  tunc  et  ludi  per  decern  dies  facti  sunt,  neque  res 
ulla,  quae  ad  placandos  deos  pertineret,  praetermissa  est : 
iidemque  jusserunt  simulacrum  Jo  vis  facere  majus,  et  in 
excelso  collocare,  et,  contra  atque  ante  fuerat,  ad  orientem 
convertere  :  ac  se  sperare  dixerunt,  si  illud  signum,  quod 
videtis,  solis  ortum,  et  forum,  curiamque  conspiceret,  fore,  ut 
ea  consilia,  quae  clam  essent  inita  contra  salutem  urbis  atque 
imperii,  illustrarentur,  ut  a  senatu  populoque  Romano  per- 
spici  possent.  Atque  illud  signum  ita  collocandum  consules 
illi  locaverunt,  sed  tanta  fuit  operis  tarditas,  ut  neque  a 
superioribus  consulibus,  neque  a  nobis  ante  hodiernum  diem 
collocaretur. 
— '  IX.  21.  Hie  quis  potest  esse,  Quirites,  tarn  aversus  a 
vero,  tarn  praeceps,  tarn  mente  captus,  qui  neget  haec  omnia, 
quae  videmus,  praecipueque  hanc  urbem,  deorum  immorta- 


Ik? 


('RATIO     III.    IN     CATII.INAM.  33 

Hum  nutu  ac  potentate  a&ninxstrari  ?    Etenim  qoum  esset 

it:i  reaponsnm,  caedes,  incendia,  iuteritumque  rei  publicae 
comparari,  et  ea  per  cives,  quae  turn  propter  magnitudinem 
Bcelerum  lumimllis  incredibilia  videbantur,  ea  non  modo 
0Ogltat&  a  nci'ariis  civibus,  verum,  etiam  suscepta  esse  sensis- 
iis.  lllud  vero  liounc  ita  praesemTest,  ut  nutu  Jovis  Optimi 
Maximi  factum  esse  videatur,  ut,  quum  hodierno  die  mane 
per  forum  meo  jussu  et  coujurati,  et  eorum  indices,  in  aedem 
Concordiae  ducerentur^  eo  ipso  tempore  signuni  statueretur  ? 
uo  collocato,  atque  ad  vos  senatumque  converso,  omnia  et 
senatus  et  vos,  quae  erant  contra  salutem  omnium  cogitata, 
illustrata  et  patefacta  vidistis.  22.  Quo  etiam  majore  sunt 
isti  odio  supplicioque  digni,  qui  non  solum  vestris  domiciliis 
atque  tectis,  sed  etiam  deorum  templis  atque  delubris  sunt 
funestos  ac  nefarios  ignes  inferre  conati.  Quibus  ego  si  me 
restitisse  dicam,  nimium  milii  sumam,  et  non  sim  ferendus : 
ille,  ille  Jupiter  restitit :  ille  Capitolium,  ille  haec  templa, 
ille  banc  urbem,  ille  vos  omnes  salvos  esse  voluit.  Diis  ego 
immortalibus  ducibus  banc  nflenEftm,  Quirites,  voluntatemqueA*"  : 
Buscepi,  atque  ad  haec  tanta  indicia  perveni.  Jam  vero  ilia 
Allobrogum  sollicitatio,  sic  a  P.  Lentulo  ceterisque  domesti- 
cis  bostibus,  tarn  dementer,  tanta  res,  credita  et  ignotis  et 
barbaris,  commissaeque  literae  nunquam  essent  profecto,  nisi 
ab  diis  immortalibus  huic  tantae  audaciae  consilium  esset 
ereptum.  Quid  vero  ?  ut  homines  Galli,  ex  civitate  male 
pacata,  quae  gens  una  restat,  quae  bellum  populo  Romano 
facere  et  posse  et  non  nolle  videatur,  spem  imperii  ac  rerum 
amplissimarum  ultro  sibi  a  patriciis  hominibus  oblatam  neg- 
ligerent,  vestramque  salutem  suis  opibus  anteponerent ;  id 
non  divinitus  factum  esse  putatis  ?  Praesertim  qui  nos  non 
pugnando,  sed  tacendo  superare  potuerunt. 

X.  23.  Quamobrem,  Quirites,  quoniam  ad  omnia  pulvi- 
naria  supplicatio  decreta  est,  celebratote  illos  dies  cum  con- 
jugibus  ac  liberis  vestris.  Nam  multi  saepe  honor es  diis 
immortalibus  justi  habiti  sunt  ac  debiti,  sed  prefecto  jus- 
tiores  nunquam.  Erepti  enim  estis  ex  crudelissimo  ac 
2* 


34:  OKATIO     IIT.    IN     CATILINAM. 

miserrimo  interitu,  efc  erepti  sine  caede,  sine  sanguine,  sine 
exercitu,  sine  dimicatione  ;  togati,  me  uno  togato  duce  et 
imperatore,  vicistis.  24.  Etenim  recordamini,  Quirites, 
omnes  civiles  dissensiones,  non  solum  eas,  quas  audistis,  sed 
eas,  quas  vosmet  ipsi  meministis  atque  vidistis  :  L.  Sulla  P. 
Sulpicium  oppressit:  ex  urbe  ejecit  C.  Marium,  custodom 
hujus  urbis,  multosque  fortes  viros  partim  ejecit  ex  civitate, 
partim  interemit.  Cn.  Octavius,  consul,  armis  expulit  ex 
urbe  collegam  suum  ;  omnis  hie  locus  acervis  corporum  et 
civium  sanguine  redundavit.  Superavit  postea  Cinna  cum 
Mario.  Turn  vero,  clarissimis  viris  interfectis,  lumina  civi- 
tatis  exstincta  sunt.  Ultus  est  hujus  victoriae  crudelitatem 
postea  Sulla  ;  ne  dici  quidem  opus  est,  quanta  deminutione 
civium,  et  quanta  calamitate  rei  publicae.  Dissensit  M. 
Lepidus  a  clarissimo  ac  fortissimo  viro,  Q.  Catulo.  Attulit 
non  tarn  ipsius  interitus  rei  publicae  luctum,  quam  cetero- 
rum.  25.  Atque  illae  tamen  omnes  dissensiones  erant  ejus- 
modi,  Quirites,  quae  non  ad  delendam,  sed  ad  commutandam 
rem  publicam  pertinerent ;  non  illi  nullam  esse  rem  publi- 
cam,  sed  in  ea,  quae  esset,  se  esse  principes ;  neque  hanc 
urbem  conflagrare,  sed  se  in  hac  urbe  florere  voluerunt. 
Atque  illae  tamen  omnes  dissensiones,  quarum  nulla  exitium 
rei  publicae  quaesivit,  ejusmodi  fuerunt,  ut  non  reconcilia- 
tione  concordiae,  sed  iuternecione  civium  dijudicatae  sint. 
In  hoc  autem  uno  post  hominum  memoriam  maximo  crude- 
lissimoque  bello,  quale  bellum  nulla  unquam  barbaria  cum 
sua  gente  gessit,  quo  in  bello  lex  haec  fuit  a  Lentulo,  Cati- 
lina,  Cethego,  et  Cassio  constituta,  ut  omnes,  qui  salva  urbe 
salvi  esse  possent,  in  hostium  numero  ducerentur;  ita  me 
gessi,  Quirites,  ut  omnes  salvi  conservaremini  ;  et,  quum 
hostes  vestri  tantum  civium  superfuturum  esse  putassent, 
quantum  infinitae  caedi  restitisset,  tantum  autem  urbis, 
quantum  flamma  obire  non  potuisset,  et  urbem  et  cives 
integros  incolumesque  servavi. 

XI.     26.  Quibus  pro  tantis  rebus,  Quirites,  nullum  ego  a 
vobis  praemium  virtutis,  nullum  insigne  honoris,  nullum 


Q'68 


v 


ORATIO     III.    IN     CATILINAM.  35 


monumentum  laudis  postulabo  praeterquam  hujus  tlitsi  inc- 
lnoriam  scmpiternum.  Iu  animis  ego  vestris  omnes  tri- 
umphofl  meos,  omnia  ornamenta  honoris,  monumenta  gloria.', 

laiulis  insignia,  concli  et  collocari  volo.  Niliil  mo  mutum 
potest  delectare,  nihil  taciturn,  nihil  deniqne  ejusmodi,  quod 
etiam  minus  digni  assequi  possint.  Meinoria  vestra,  Qui- 
rites, nostrae  res  alentur,  sermonibus  crescent,  literarum 
monumentis  inveterascent  et  corroborabuntur :  eandemque 
diem  intelligo,  quam  spero  aeternam  fore,  et  ad  salutem 
urbis,  et  ad  memoriam  consulatus  mei  propagatam ;  unoquo 
tempore  in  hac  re  publica  duos  cives  exstitisse,  quorum 
alter  fines  vestri  imperii  non  terrae,  sed  coeli  regionibus 
terminaret,  alter  ejusdem  imperii  domicilium  sedemque 
servaret. 

XII.  27.  Sed,  quoniam  earum  rerum,  quas  ego  gessi, 
non  eadem  est  fortumi  atque  conaiuo^'quae  illorum,  qui 
externa  bella  gesserunt :  quod  milii  cum  iis  vivendum  est, 
quos  vici  ac  subegi,  illi  hostes  aut  interfectos  aut  opj)ressos 
reliquerunt:  vestrum  est,  Quirites,  si  ceteris  recte  facta  sua 
prosunt,  mihi  mea  ne  quando  obsint,  providere.  Mentes 
enim  hominnm  audacissimorum  sceleratae  ac  nefai'iae  ne 
vobis  nocere  possent,  ego  providi :  ne  mihi  noceant,  vestrum 
est  providere.  Quamquam,  Quirites,  mihi  quidem  ipsi  nihil 
ab  istis  jam  noceri  potest.  Magnum  enim  est  in  bonis 
praesidium,  quod  mihi  in  perpetuum  comparatum  est ; 
magna  in  re  publica  dignitas,  quae  me  semper  tacita  de- 
fendet ;  magna  vis  conscientiae,"  quam  qui  negligent,  quum 
me  violare  volent,  se  ipsi  indicabunt.  28.  Est  etiam  in 
nobis  is  animus,  Quirites,  ut  non  modo  nullius  audaciae 
cedamus,  sed  etiam  omnes  improbos  ultro  semper  lacessa- 
nius.  Quod  si  omnis  impetus  domesticorum  hostium  de- 
pulsus  a  vobis,  se  in  me  unum  converterit,  vobis  erit  viden- 
dum,  Quirites,  qua  conditione  posthac  eos  esse  velitis,  qui 
se  pro  salute  vestra  obtulerint  invidiae  periculisque  omni- 
bus. Mihi  quidem  ipsi  quid  est,  quod  jam  ad  vitae  fructum 
possit  acquiri,   praesertim  quum  neque  in  honore  vestro, 


36  ORATIO     III.    IN    CATTLINAM. 

neque  in  gloria  virtutis  quidquam  videam  altius,  quo  mihi 
libeat  ascendere  ?  29.  Illud  perficiam  profecto,  Quirites,  ut 
ea,  quae  gessi  in  consulatu,  privatus  tuear  atque  ornem ; 
ut,  si  qua  est  invidia  in  conservanda  re  publica  suscepta, 
laedat  invidos,  mihi  valeat  ad  gloriam.  Deinde  ita  me  in 
re  publica  tractabo,  ut  meminerim  semper  quae  gesserim, 
curemque,  ut  ea  virtute,  non  casu,  gesta  esse  videantur. 
Vos,  Quirites,  quoniam  jam  nox  est,  veneramini  ilium  Jovem, 
custodem  hujus  urbis  ac  vestrum,  atque  in  vestra  tecta 
discedite :  et  ea,  quamquam  jam  periculum  est  depulsum, 
tamen  aeque  ac  priore  nocte,  custodiis  vigiliisque  defendite. 
Id  ne  vobis  diutius  faciendum  sit,  atque  ut  in  perpetua  pace 
esse  possitis,  providebo,  Quirites. 


3/ 


L*    CATILINAM^ 

ORATIO   QUARTA, 
HABITA  IN  SENATU. 


I.  1.  Video,  Patres  conscripti,  in  me  omnium  vestrum 
ora  atque  oculos  esse  conversos.  Video  vos  non  solum  de  -j 
vestro  ac  rei  publicae,  verum  etiam,  si  id  depulsum  sit^  de 
meo  periculo  esse  sollicitos.  Est  mihi  jucvmda  in  malis,  et 
grata  in  dolore,  vestra  erga  me  voluntas  :  sed  earn,  per  deos 
immortales  !  deponite,  atque  obliti  salutis  meae,  de  vobis  ac 
de  vestris  liberis  cogitate.  Mihi  si  haec  conditio  consulatus 
data  est,  ut  omnes  acerbitates,  omnes  dolores  cruciatusque 
perferrem,  feram  non  solum  fortiter,  verum  etiam  libenter, 
dummodo  meis  laboribus  vobis  populoque  Romano  dignitas 
salusque  pariatur.  2.  Ego  sum  ille  consul,  Patres  conscripti, 
cui  non  forum,  in  quo  omnis  aequitas  continetur ;  non  cam- 
pus consuJaribus  auspiciis  consecratus  ;  non  curia,  summum 
auxldrum  omnium  gentium;  non  domus,  commune  perfu- 
giuni ;  non  lectus  ad  quietem  datus ;  non  denique  haec  sedes 
honoris,  sella  curulis,  unquam  vacua  mortis  periculo  atque 
^^^sidiis  fuit.  Ego  multa  tacui,  multa  pertuli,  multa  concessi, 
multa  meo  quodam  dolore  in  vestro  timore  sanavi.  Nunc, 
si  hunc  exitum  consulatus  mei  dii  immortales  esse  voluerunt, 
ut  vos,  Patres  conscripti,  populumque  Romanum  ex  cacde 
miserrima;  conjuges,  liberosque  vestros,  virginesque  Vestales 


38  ORATIO   IV.    IN   CATILINAM. 

ex  acerbissima  vexatione  ;  templa  atque  delubra,  hanc  pul- 
cherrimam  patriam  omnium  nostrum  ex  foedissima  flamma  5 
totam  Italiam  exjbello  et  vastitate  eriperem,  quaecunque 
milii  uni  proponexur  fortuna,  subeatur.  Etenim,  si  P.  Len- 
tulus  suum  nomen,  inductus  a  vatibus,  fatale  ad  perniciem 
populi  Romani  fore  putavit,  cur  ego  non  laeter,  meum  cou- 
sulatum  ad  salutem  rei  publicae  prope  fatalem  exstitisse  ? 

II.  3.  Quare,  Patres  conscripti,  consulite  vobis,  prospi- 
cite  patriae,  conservate  vos,  conjuges,  liberos,  fortunasque 
vestras,  populi  Romani  nomen  salutemque  defendite,  milii 
parcere  ac  de  me  cogitare  desinite.  Nam  primum  debeo 
sperare,  omnes  deos,  qui  liuic  urbi  praesident,  pro  eo  milii, 
ac  mereor,  relaturos  esse  gratiam  ;  deinde,  si  quid  obtigerit, 
aequo  animo  paratoque  moriar.  Nam  neque  turpis  mors 
forti  viro  potest  accidere,  neque  immatura  consulari,  nee 
misera  sapienti.  Nee  tamen  ego  sum  ille  ferreus,  qui  fratris  -Qj 
carissimi  et  amantissimi  praesentis  maerore  non  movear,  lio- 
rumque  omnium  lacrimis,  a  quibus  me  circumsessum  videtis. 
Neque  nieam  mentem  non  domum  saepe  revocat  exanimata 
uxor,  et  abjecta  metu  filia,  et  parvulus  filius,  quern  milii 
videtur  amplecti  res  publica  tamquam  obsidem  consulatus 
mei ;  neque  ille,  qui,  expectans  hujus  exitum  diei,  adstat  in 
conspectu  meo,  gener.  Moveor  his  rebus  omnibus,  sed  in 
earn  partem,  uti  salvi  sint  vobiscum  omnes,  etiam  si  me  vis 
aliqua  oppresserit,  potius  quam  et  illi  et  nos  una  rei  publicae 
peste  pereamus.^flj4.  Quare,  Patres  conscripti,  incumbite  ad 
salutem  rei  publicae  ;  circumspicite  omnes  procellas,  quae 
impendent,  nisi  providetis.  Non  Ti.  Gracchus,  quod  iterum 
tribunus  plebis  fieri  volnit,  non  C.  Gracchus,  quod  agrarios 
concitare  conatus  est,  non  L.  Saturninus,  quod  C.  Memmium 
occidit,  in  discrimen  aliquod,  atque  in  vestrae  severitatis 
judicium  adducitur  :  tenentur  ii,  qui  ad  urbis  incendium,  ad 
vestram  omnium  caedem,  ad  Catilinam  accipiendum,  Romae 
restiterunt.  Tenentur  literae,  signa,  manus,  denique  unius 
cuj usque  confessio ;  sollicitantur  Allobroges ;  servitia  exci- 
tantur ;  Catilina  arcessitur ;  id  est  initum  consilium,  ut,  in- 


oKAHO     IV.    IN    CATII.1NAM.  39 

terfectis  omnibus,  nemo  ne  a<l  deplorahdum  quidem  populi 

Roman]  noiuen,  atqui'  ad  lamcntandam  tanti  imperii  calami- 
tatem  relinquatur. 

III.  5.  Haec  omnia  indices  detulerunt,  rei  confessi  sunt ; 
vos  multis  jam  judiciis  judicastis:  primum,  quod  mini 
tias  egistis  singulations  verbis,  et  mea  virtute  atque  diligen- 
tia  perditornm  liominum  conj  urationem  patefactam  esse 
decrevistis  :  deinde  quod  P.  Lentulum,  ut  se  abdicaret  prae- 
tura,  coegistis  ;  turn  quod  eum  et  ceteros,  de  quibus  judicas- 
tis, in  custodiam  dandos  censuistis,  maximeque,  quod  meo 
nomine  supplicationem  decrevistis,  qui  honos  togato  habitus 
ante  me  est  nemini ;  postremo,  hesterno  die  praemia  legatis 
Allobrogum  Titoque  Volturcio  dedistis  amj)lissima.  Quae 
sunt  omnia  ejusmodi,  ut  ii,  qui  in  custodiam  nominatim  dati 
sunt,  sine  ulla  dubitatione  a  vobis  damnati  esse  videantur. 

G.  Sed  ego  institui  referre  ad  vos,  Patres  conscripti,  tam- 
quam  integmm,  et  de  facto,  quid  judicetis,  et  de  poena,  quid 
censeatis.  Ilia  praedicam,  quae  sunt  consulis.  Ego  magnum 
in  re  publica  versari  furorem,  et  nova  quaedam  misceri  et 
concitari  mala  jampridem  videbam;  sed  banc  tantam,  tarn 
exitiosam  haberi  conjurationem  a  civibus  nunquam  putavi. 
Nunc,  quidquid  est,  quocunque  vestrae  mentes  inclinant 
atque  sententiae,  statuendum  vobis  ante  noctem  est.  Quan- 
tum facinus  ad  vos  delatum  sit,  videtis.  Huic  si  paucos 
putatis  affines  esse,  vehementer  erratis.  Latius  opinione 
disseminatum  est  hoc  malum ;  manavit  non  solum  per  Itali- 
an^ verum  etiam  transcendit  Alpes,  et,  obscure  serpens, 
multas  jam  provincias  occupavit.  Id  opprimi  sustentando 
ac  prolatando  nullo  pacto  potest.  Quacunque  ratione  placet, 
celeriter  vobis  vindicandum  est. 

IV.  7.  Video    duas    adhuc  esse  sententias :    unam   D. 
Silani,  qui  censet,  eos,  qui  haec  delere   conati  sunt,  morte 
esse  multandos;  alteram    C.  Caesaris,   qui  mortis  poenam      ^ 
removet,  ceterorum  suppliciorum  omnes  acerbitates  amplec-^k*  -°-?* 
titur.     Uterque  et  pro  sua  dignitate,  et  pro  rerum  magnitu- 

dine    in    summa    severitate   versatur.     Alter  eos,  qui  nos 


40  OEATIO    IV.    IN   CATILINAM. 

omnes,  qui  populum  Romanum  vita  privare  conati  sunt,  qui 
delere  imperium,  qui  populi  Komani  nomen  exstinguere, 
punctum  temporis  frui  vita,  et  hoc  communi  spiritu,  non 
putat  oportere ;  atque  hoc  genus  poenae  saepe  in  improbos 
cives  in  hac  re  publica  esse  usurpatum  recordatur.  Alter 
intelligit,  mortem  a  diis  immortalibus  non  esse  supplicii 
causa  constitutam ;  sed  aut  necessitatem  naturae,  aut  labo- 
rum  ac  miseriarum  quietem  esse.  Itaque  earn  sapientes  nun- 
quam  inviti,  fortes  saepe  etiam  libenter  appetiverunt.  Yin- 
cula  vero,  et  ea  sempiterna,  certe  ad  singularem  poenam 
nefarii  sceleris  inventa  sunt.  Municipiis  dispertiri  jubet.  / 
Habere  videtur  ista  res  iniquitatem,  si  imperare  velis ;  diffi- 
cultatem,  si  rogare.  Decernatur  tamen,  si  placet.  8.  Ego 
enim  suscipiam,  et,  ut  spero,  reperiam,  qui  id,  quod  salutis 
omnium  causa  statueritis,  non  putent  esse  suae  dignitatis 
recusare.  Adjungit  gravem  poenam  municipiis,  si  quis 
eorum  vincula  ruperit ;  horribiles  custodias  circumdat,  et 
digna  scelere  hominum  perditorum  sancit,  ne  quis  eorum 
poenam,  quos  condemnat,  aut  per  senatum  aut  per  populum 
levare  possit ;  eripit  etiam  spem,  quae  sola  homines  in  mise-  V 
riis  consolari  solet.  Bona  praeterea  publicari  jubet :  vitam 
solam  relinquit  nefariis  hominibus  ;  quam  si  eripuisset,  mul- 
tos  uno  dolore  animi  atque  corporis,  et  omnes  scelerum  poe- 
nas  ademisset.  Itaque,  ut  aliqua  in  vita  formido  improbis 
esset  posita,  apud  inferos  ejusmodi  quaedam  illi  antiqui 
supplicia  inipiis  constituta  esse  voluerunt ;  quod  videlicet 
intelligebant,  his  remotis,  non  esse  mortem  ipsam  pertimes- 
cendam. 

Y.  9.  Nunc,  Patres  conscripti,  ego  mea  video  quid  in- 
tersit.  Si  eritis  secuti  sententiam  C.  Caesaris,  quoniam 
hanc  is  in  re  publica  viam,  quae  popularis  habetur,  secutus 
est,  fortasse  minus  erunt,  hoc  auctore  et  cognitore  hujusce 
sententiae,  mihi  populares  impetus  pertimescendi :  sin  illam 
alteram,  nescio,  an  amplius  mihi  negotii  contrahatur.  Sed 
tamen  meorum  periculorum  rationes  utilitas  rei  publicae 
vincat.     Habemus  enim  a  C.  Caesare,  sicut  ipsius  dignitas, 


ORATTO^rf.    IN    CATILINAM.  41 

r<  majotom  ejus  amplitndo  postulabat,  sententiani,  tamquam 
obsiilcm  perpetuae  in  rem  publicam  voluntatis.  Intollec- 
tum  est,  quid  intersit  inter  levitatem  concionatorum,  et  ani- 
mum  vere  populaivm,  saluti  populi  consulcntem.  10.  Vi- 
deo de  istis,  qui  se  populares  haberi  volunt,  abesse  non  ne- 
niinem,  ne  de  capite  videlicet  civium  Romanorum  senten- 
tiam  ferat.  Is  et  nudiustertius  in  custodiam  cives  Romanos 
dedit,  et  supplicationem  mihi  decrevit,  et  indices  hesterno 
die  maxiinis  praemiis- affecit .  Jam  hoc  nemini  dubium  est, 
qui  reo  custodiam,  quaesitori  gratulationem,  indici  praemium 
decrevit,  quid  de  tota  re  et  causa  judicarit.  At  vero  C. 
Caesar  intelligit,  legem  Semproniam  esse  de  civibus  Romania 
constitutam ;  qui  autem  rei  publicae  sit  hostis,  eum  civem 
esse  nullo  modo  posse  :  denique  ipsum  latorem  Semproniae 
legis  jussu  populi  poenas  rei  publicae  dependisse." \  Idem 
ipsum  largitorem  Lentulum  et  prodigum  non  putat,  quum 
de  pernicie  populi  Romani,  exitio  hujus  urbis  tarn  acerbe  tam- 
que  crudeliter  cogitarit,  etiam  appellari  posse  popularem. 
Itaque  homo  mitissimus  atque  lenissimus  non  dubitat  P.  Len- 
tulum aeternis  tenebris  vinculisque  mandare,  et  sancit  in  pos- 
teruaa,  ne  quis  hujus  supplicio  levando  se  jactare,  et  in  per- 
nicie populi  Romani  posthac  popularis  esse  possit.  Adjungit 
etiam  publicationem  bonorum,  ut  omnes  animi  cruciatus  et 
corporis  etiam  egestas  ac  mendicitas  consequatur. 
ffekyi.  11.  Quamobrem  sive  hoc  statueritis,  dederitis  mihi 
comitem  ad  concionem,  populo  carum  atque  jucundum  ;  sive 
Silani  sententiam  sequi  malueritis,  facile  me  atque  vos  cru- 
delitatis  vituperatione  populo  Romano  exsolvetis,  atque  ob- 
fcin'ebo,  earn  multo  leniorem  fuisse.  Quamquam,  Patres  con- 
scripti,  quae  potest  esse  in  tanti  sceleris  immanitate  punien- 
da  crudelitas  ?  Ego  enim  de  meo  sensu  judico.  Nam  ita 
mihi  salva  re  publica  vobiscum  perfrui  liceat,  ut  ego,  quod 
in  hac  causa  vehementior  sum,  non  atrocitate  animi  moveor, 
(quis  enim  est  me  mitior?)  sed  singulari  quadam  humani- 
tate  et  misericordia.  Yideor  enim  mihi  videre  banc  urbem, 
lucem  orbis  terrarum,  atque  arcem  omnium  gentium,  subito 


42  ORATIO    IV.    IN   CATILINAM. 

imo  incendio  concidentem ;  cerno  animo  sepulta  in  patria, 
miseros  atque  insepultos  acervos  civium ;  versatur  mihi  ante 
oculos  adspectus  Cethegi  et  furor  in  vestra  caede  bacchantis. 

12.  Qmim  vero  mihi  proposui  regnantem  Lentulum,  sicut 
ipse  se  ex  fatis  sperasse  confessus  est,  purpuratum  esse  huic 
Gabinium,  cum  exercitu  venisse  Catilinam,  turn  lamenta- 
tionem  matrumfamilias,  turn  fugam  virginum  atque  puero- 
rum,  ac  vexationem  virginum  Yestalium  perhorresco ;  et, 
quia  mihi  vehementer  haec  videntur  misera  atque  miseranda, 
idcirco  in  eos,  qui  ea  perficere  voluerunt,  me  severum  vehe- 
mentemque  praebebo.  Etenim  quaero,  si  quis  paterfamilias 
liberis  suis  a  servo  interfectis,  uxore  occisa,  incensa  domo, 
supplicium  de  servis  quam  acerbissimum  sumpserit ;  utrum 
is  clemens  ac  misericors,  an  inhumanissimus  et  crudelissimus 
esse  videatur  ?  Mihi  vero  importunus  ac  ferreus,  qui  non 
dolore  ac  cruciatu  nocentis  suum  dolorem  cruciatumque  le- 
nierit.  Sic  nos  in  his  hominibus,  qui  nos,  qui  conjuges,  qui 
liberos  nostros  trucidare  voluerunt ;  qui  singulas  unius  cu- 
j usque  nostrum  domos,  et  hoc  universum  rei  publicae  domi- 
cilium  delere  conati  sunt ;  qui  id  egerunt,  ut  gentem  Allo- 
brogum  in  vestigiis  huj  us  urbis,  atque  in  cinere  deflagrati  im- 
perii collocarent ;  si  vehementissimi  fuerimus,  misericordes 
habebimur  ;  jsin  remissiores  esse  voluerimus,  summae  nobis 
crudelitatis  in  patriae  civiumque  pernicie  fama  subeunda  est. 

13.  Nisi  vero  cuipiam  L.  Caesar,  vir  fortissimus  et  amantissi- 
mus  rei  publicae,  crudelior  nudiustertius  visus  est,  quum  so- 
roris  suae,  feminae  lectissimae,  virum  praesentem  et  audien- 
tem,  vita  privandum  esse  dixit;  quum  avum  jussu  consulis 
interfectum  filiumque  ejus  impuberem,  legatum  a  patre  mis- 
sum,  in  carcere  necatum  esse  dixit.  Quorum  quod  simile 
factum?  quod  in  itum  delendae  rei  publicae  consilium?  Lar- 
gitionis  voluntas  turn  in  re  publica  versata  est,  et  partium 
quaedam  contentio.  Atque  illo  tempore  hujus  avus  Lentuli, 
clarissimus  vir,  armatus  Gracchum  est  persecutus  :  ille  eti- 
am  grave  turn  vulnus  accepit,  ne  quid  de  summa  re  publica 
minueretur  :  hie  ad  evertenda  fundamenta  rei  publicae  Gal- 


oKATIO   IV.    IN    CATILINAM.  43 

loa  anvsxit,  servitia  OOQCLtftt,  (  alilinam  vocat,  attribuit  nos 
trucidandos  Cethego,  ceteros  cives  interficiendos  Gabini<>, 
arbem  iuilammandani  Cassio,  totam  Italiain  vastandam  diri- 
piendamque  Catilinae.  Vereamini,  censeo,  ne  in  hocscelere 
tain  iiiiinaiti  M  oeflUldo,  niinis  aliquid  severius  statuisse  vide- 
amini.  Multo  inagis  est  verendum,  ne  remissione  poenae 
orudelea  in  patiiam,  quam  ne  severitate  animadversionis 
nimia  vehementes  in  acerbissimos  hostes  fuisse  videamur. 

VII.  14.  Sed  ea,  quae  exaudio,  Patres  conscripti,  dis- 
Bimulare  non  possum.  Jaciuntur  enim  voces,  quae  per- 
veniunt  ad  aures  meas,  eorum,  qui  vereri  videntur,  ut 
habeam  satis  praesidii  ad  ea,  quae  vos  statueritis  hodierno 
die,  transigunda.  Omnia  et  provisa,  et-  parata,  et  constituta 
sunt,  Patres  conscripti,  quum  mea  summa  cura  atque  dili- 
gentia,  turn  multo  etiam  majore  populi  Pomani  ad  summum 
imperium  retinendum,  et  ad  communes  fortunas  conser- 
vandas,  voluntate.  Omnes  adsunt  omnium  ordinum  ho- 
mines, omnium  denique  aetatum ;  plenum  est  forum,  plena 
templa  circum  forum,  pleni  omnes  aditus  hujus  templi  et 
loci.  Causa  est  enim .  post  urbein  conditam  haec  inventa 
sola,  in  qua  omnes  sentirent  unum  atque  idem,  praeter  eos, 
qui,  quum  sibi  viderent  esse  pereundum,  cum  omnibus 
potius,  quam  soli  perire  voluerunt.  15.  Hosce  ego  homines 
excipio  et  secemo  libenter ;  neque  in  improborum  civium, 
sed  in  acerbissimorum  hostium  numero  habendos  puto. 
Ceteri  vero,  dii  immortales  !  qua  frequentia,  quo  studio, 
qua  virtute  ad  communem  salutem  dignitatemque  consen- 
tiunt  ?  Quid  ego  hie  equites  Romanos  commemorem  ?  qui 
vobis  ita  summam  ordinis  consiliique  concedunt,  ut  vobis- 
cum  do  am  ore  rei  publicae  certent ;  quos,  ex  multorum 
anuorum  dissensione  hujus  ordinis  ad  societatem  concor- 
diamque  revocatos,  hodiernus  dies  vobiscum  atque  haec  causa 
conjungit;  quam  si  coujunctionem  in  consulatu  confirmatam 
meo,  perpetuam  in  re  publica  tenuerimus,  confirmo  vobis, 
nullum  posthac  malum  civile  ac  domesticum  ad  ullam  rei 
publicae  partem  esse  venturum.     Pari  studio  defendendae 


44  ORATIO    IV.    IN    CATILINAM. 

rei  publicae  convenisse  video  tribunos  aerarios,  fortissimos 
viros  ;  scribas  item  universos  ;  quos  quum  casu  hie  dies  ad 
aerarium  frequentasset,  video  ab  exspectatione  sortis  ad 
salutem  communem  esse  con  versos.  16.  Omnis  ingenuorum 
adest  multitudo,  etiam  tenuissimorum.  Quis  est  enim,  cui 
aon  haec  tenipla,  adspectus  urbis,  possessio  libertatis,  lux 
denique  haec  ipsa,  et  hoc  commune  patriae  solum,  quum  sit 
carum,  turn  vero  dulce  atque  j  ucundum  ? 

VIII.  Operae  pretium  est,  Patres  conscripti,  liberti- 
norum  hominum  studia  cognoscere  ;  qui,  sua  virtute  fortu- 
nam  hujus  civitatis  consecuti,  vere  hanc  suam  patriam  esse 
judicant,  quam  quidam  hie  nati,  et  summo  nati  loco,  non 
patriam  suam,  sed  urbem  hostium  esse  judicaverunfc.  Sed 
quid  ego  hujusce  ordinis  homines  commemoro,  quos  privatae 
fortunae,  quos  communis  res  publica,  quos  denique  libertas, 
ea,  quae  dulcissima  est,  ad  salutem  patriae  defendendam 
excitavit  ?  Servus  est  nemo,  qui  modo  tolerabili  conditione 
sit  servitutis,  qui  non  audaciam  civium  perhorrescat ;  qui 
non  haec  stare'  cupiat ;  qui  non  quantum  audet  et  quantum 
potest  conferat  ad  communem  salutem  voluntatis.  17. 
Quare  si  quern  vestrum  forte  commovet  hoc,  quod  auditum 
est,  lenonem  quendam  Lentuli  concursare  circum  tabernas, 
pretio  sperare  sollicitari  posse  animos  egentium  atque  im- 
peritorum,  est  id  quidem  coeptum  atque  tentatum ;  sed 
nulli  sunt  inventi  tarn  aut  fortuna  miseri,  aut  voluntate 
perditi,  qui  non  ilium  ipsum  sellae  atque  operis  et  quaestus 
quotidiani  locum,  qui  non  cubile  ac  lectulum  suum,  qui 
denique  non  cursuni  hunc  otiosum  vitae  suae  salvum  esse 
velint.  Multo  vero  maxima  pars  eorum,  qui  in  tabernis 
sunt,  nisi  vero  (id  enim  potius  est  dicendum)  genus  hoc 
universum  amantissimum  est  otii.  Etenim  omne  instru- 
mentum,  omnis  opera  atque  quaestus,  frequentia  civium 
sustentatur,  alitur  otio :  quorum  si  quaestus,  occlusis  taber- 
nis, minui  solet,  quid  tandem  incensis  futurum  fuit  ? 

IX.  18.  Quae  quum  ita  sint,  Patres  conscripti,  vobis 
populi  Romani  praesidia  non  desunt :  vos  ne  populo  Ro- 


ORATIO    IV.    IN    CATILINAM.  45 

mano  deosse  videamini,  providete.  Habetis  consulem  ex 
])lurimis  periculis  et  insidiis,  atque  ex  media  morte,  non  ad 
vitam  suam,  sed  ad  salutein  vestram  reservatuin ;  omnes 
ordines  ad  conservandam  rem  publicam  mente,  voluntate, 
studio,  virtute,  voce  consentiunt ;  obsessa  facibus  et  telis 
impiae  conjurationis  vobis  supplex  manus  tendit  patria 
communis ;  vobis  se,  vobis  vitam  omnium  civium,  vobis 
arcem  et  Capitolium,  vobis  aras  Penatium,  vobis  ignem 
ilium  Vestae  sempiternum,  vobis  omnia  deorum  templa  atque 
delubra,  vobis  muros  et  urbis  tecta  commendat.  Praeterea 
de  vestra  vita,  de  conjugum  vestrarum  atque  liberorum 
anima,  de  fortunis  omnium,  de  sedibus,  de  focis  vestris, 
hodierno  die  vobis  judicandum  estSrjj!  19.  Habetis  ducem 
memorem  vestri,  oblitum  sui,  quae  'iron  semper  facultas 
datur;  habetis  omnes  ordines,  omnes  homines,  universum 
populum  Romaimm,  id  quod  in  civili  causa  hodierno  die 
primum  videmus,  unum  atque  idem  sentientem.  Cogitate, 
quantis  laboribus  fundatum  imperium,  quanta  virtute  sta- 
bilitam  libertatem,  quanta  deorum  benignitate  auctas  exag- 
geratasque  fortunas  una  nox  paene  delerit.  Id  ne  nnquam 
posthac  non  modo  confici,  sed  ne  cogitari,  quidem  possit  a 
civibus,  hodierno  die  providendum  est.  Atque  haec,  non  ut 
vos,  qui  mihi  studio  paene  praecurritis,  excitarem,  locutus 
sum  ;  sed  ut  mea  vox,  quae  debet  esse  in  re  publica  prin- 
ceps,  officio  functa  consulari  videretur. 

X.  20.  Nunc  antequam,  Patres  conscripti,  ad  sententiam 
redeo,  de  me  pauca  dicam.  Ego,  quanta  manus  est  con- 
juratorum,  quam  videtis  esse  permagnam,  tantam  me  inimi- 
corum  multitudinem  suscepisse  video,  sed  earn  esse  turpem 
judico,  infirmam  et  abjectam.  Quod  si  aliquando,  alicujus 
furore  et  scelere  concitata,  manus  ista  plus  valuerit  quam 
vestra  ac  rei  publicae  dignitas,  me  tamen  meorum  factorum 
atque  consiliorum  nunquam,  Patres  conscripti,  poenitebit. 
Etenim  mors,  quam  mihi  illi  fortasse  minitantur,  omnibus 
est  parata :  vitae  tantam  laudem,  quanta  vos  me  vestris 
decretis  honestastis,  nemo  est  assecutus.     Ceteris  enim  bene 


46  OEATIO    IV.    IN    CATTLINAM. 

gesta,  milii  uni  conservata  re  publica  gratulationem  decre- 
vistis.  21.  Sit  Scipio  darns  ille,  cujus  consilio  atque  vir- 
tute  Hannibal  in  Africam  redire,  atque  Italia  decedere 
coactus  est ;  ornetur  alter  eximia  laude  Africanus,  qui  duas 
urbes  huic  imperio  infestissimas,  Carthaginem  Numantiam- 
que  deievit;  habeatur  vir  egregius  Paullus  ille,  cujus  currum 
rex  potentissimus  quondam  et  nobilissimus,  Perses,  hones- 
tavit :  sit  aeterna  gloria  Marina,  qui  bis  Italiam  obsidione 
et  metu  servitutis  libera vit ;  anteponatur  omnibus  Pom- 
peius,  cujus  res  gestae  atque  virtutes  iisdem,  quibus  solis 
cursus,  regionibus  ac  terminis  continentur :  erit  profecto 
inter  horum  laudes  aliquid  loci  nostrae  gloriae  ;  nisi  forte 
majus  est  patefacere  nobis  provincias,  quo  exire  possimus, 
quam  curare,  ut  etiam  illi,  qui  absunt,  habeant,  quo  victores 
revertantur.  22.  Quamquam  est  uno  loco  conditio  melior 
externae  victoriae,  quam  domesticae,  quod  hostes  alienigenae 
aut  oppressi  serviunt,  aut  recepti  beneficio  se  obligatos 
putant :  qui  autem  ex  numero  civium  dementia  aliqua  de- 
pravati,  hostes  patriae  semel  esse  coeperunt,  eos,  quum  a 
pemicie  rei  publicae  repuleris,  nee  vi  coercere  nee  beneficio 
placare  possis ;  quare  mihi  cum  perditis  civibus  aeternum 
bellum  susceptum  esse  video.  Id  ego  vestro,  bonorumque 
omnium  auxilio,  memoriaque  tantorum  periculorum,  quae 
non  modo  in  hoc  populo,  qui  servatus  est,  sed  etiam  in 
omnium  gentium  sermonibus  ac  mentibus  semper  haerebit, 
a  me  atque  a  meis  facile  propulsari  posse  confido.  Neque 
ulla  profecto  tanta  vis  reperietur,  quae  conjunctionem  ves- 
tram  equitumque  Poinanorum,  et  tantam  conspirationem 
bonorum  omnium  confringere  et  labefactare  possit. 

XI.  23.  Quae  quum  ita  suit,  Patres  conscripti,  pro  im- 
perio, pro  exercitu,  pro  provincia,  quam  neglexi,  pro  trium- 
pho  ceterisque  laudis  insignibus,  quae  sunt  a  me  propter 
urbis  vestraeque  salutis  custodiam  repudiata,  pro  clientelis 
hospitiisque  provincialibus,  quae  tamen  urbanis  opibus  non 
minore  labore  tueor,  quam  comparo  :  pro  his  igitur  omnibus 
rebus,  pro  meis  in  vos  singularibus  studiis,  proque  hac,  quam 


ORATIO    IV.    IN     CATILINAM.  47 

conspicitis,  ad  conservandam  rem  publicam  diligentia,  nihil 
a  vobis,  nisi  hit  jus  temporifl,  totiusque  mei  consulattua 
memoriam  postulo  ;  quae  dum  exit  in  restris  fixa  mentibus, 
atno  me  muro  septum  esse  arbitrabor.  Quod  si  meant 
spent  \  is  improborum  fefellerit  atque  superaverit,  commendo 
vohia  parvum  ltietmt  filium;  cui  profecto  satis  erit  praesidii, 
non  solum  ad  salutem,  verum  etiam  ad  dignitatem,  si  ejus, 
qui  haec  omnia  suo  solius  periculo  conservaverit,  ilium  filium 
esse  meinineritis.  24.  Quapropter  de  summa  salute  vein 
populique  lxomani,  Patres  conscripti,  de  vesttis  oonjugibua 
ac  liberis,  de  aris  ac  focis,  de  fanis  atque  templis,  de  totius 
urbis  tectis  ac  sedibus,  de  imperio  ac  libertate,  de  salute 
Italiae,  de  uni versa  re  publica  decernite  diligenter,  ut  insti- 
tuistis,  ac  fortiter.  Habetis  eum  consulem,  qui  et  parere 
vestris  decretis  non  dubitet,  et  ea,  quae  statueritis,  quoad 
vivet,  defendere  et  per  se  ipsum  praestare  possit. 


OEATIO 

PRO   T.  ANNIO    MILONE. 


I.  1.  Etsi  vereor,  judices,  ne  turpe  sit,  pro  fortissimo 
viro  dicere  incipientem  timere,  ininimeque  deceat,  quum  T. 
Aunius  ipse  magis  de  rei  publicae  salute,  quam  de  sua  per- 
turbetur,  me  ad  ejus  causam  parem  animi  magnitudiuem 
afferre  non  posse,  tamen  haec  novi  judicii  nova  forma  terret 
oculos,  qui,  quocunque  inciderunt,  consuetudinem  fori,  et 
pristinum  morem  judiciorum  requirunt.  Non  enim  corona 
concessus  vester  cinctus  est,  ut  solebat ;  2.  non  usitata  fre- 
quentia  stipati  sumus ;  nee  ilia  praesidia,  quae  pro  templis 
omnibus  cernitis,  etsi  contra  vim  collocata  sunt,  non  afferunt 
tamen  oratori  aliquid,  ut  in  foro  et  in  judicio,  quamquam 
praesidiis  salutaribus  et  necessariis  septi  sumus,  tamen  ne 
non  timere  quidem  sine  aliquo  timore  possimus.  Quae  si 
opposita  Miloni  putarem,  cederem  tempori,  judices,  nee  inter 
tantam  vim  armor um  existimarem  esse  orationi  locum.  Sed 
me  recreat  et  reficit  Cn.  Pompeii,  sapientissimi  et  justissimi 
viri,  consilium,  qui  profecto  nee  justitiae  suae  putaret  esse, 
quem  reum  sententiis  judicum  tradidisset,  eundum  telis 
militum  dedere ;  nee  sapientiae,  temeritatem  concitatae  mul- 
titudinis  auctoritate  publica  armare.  3.  Quamobrem  ilia 
arma,  centuriones,  cohortes  non  periculum  nobis,  sed  prae- 
sidium  denuntiant,  neque  solum,  ut  quieto,  sed  etiam,  ut 
magno  animo  simus,  hortantur,  neque  auxilium  modo  defen- 
sioni  meae,  verum  etiam  silentium  pollicentur.  Reliqua 
vero  multitudo,  quae  quidem  est  civium,  tota  nostra  est, 


ORATIO   TRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  49 

neque  eorum  quisquam,  quos  undique  intuentes,  untie  aliqua 
fori  pars  adspici  potest,  et  hujus  exituiri  judicii  exspectantes 
videtis,  non  quuni  virtuti  Milonis  favet,  tum  de  se,  de  liberis 
suis,  de  patria,  de  fortunis  hodierno  die  decertari  putat. 

II.  Unum  genus  est  adversum  infestumque  nobis  eorum, 
quos  P.  Clodii  furor  rapinis,  et  incendiis,  et  omnibus  exitiis 
publicis  pavit ;  qui  hesterna  etiam  concione  incitati  sunt,  ut 
vobis  voce  praoirent,  quid  judicaretis.  Quorum  clamor,  si 
qui  forte  fuerit,  admonere  vos  debebit,  ut  eum  civem 
retineatis,  qui  semper  genus  illud  liominum,  clamoresque 
niaximos  pro  vestra  salute  neglexit.  4.  Quamobrem  adeste 
animis,  judices,  et  timorem,  si  quern  habetis,  deponite.  Nam, 
si  unquam  de  bonis  et  fortibus  viris,  si  unquam  de  bene 
meritis  civibus  potestas  vobis  judicandi  fuit,  si  denique  un- 
quam locus  amplissimorum  ordinum  delectis  viris  datus  est, 
ut  sua  studia  erga  fortes  et  bonos  cives,  quae  vultu  et  verbis 
saepe  significassent,  re  et  sententiis  declararent,  hoc  profecto 
tempore  earn  potestatem  omnem  vos  habetis,  ut  statuatis, 
utruni  nos,  qui  semper  vestrae  auctoritati  dediti  fuimus, 
semper  miseri  lugeamus,  an,  diu  vexati  a  perditissimis  civi- 
bus, aliquando  per  vos,  ac  per  vestram  fidem,  virtutem 
sapientiamque  recreemur.  5.  Quid  enim  nobis  duobus, 
judices,  laboriosius,  quid  magis  sollicitum,  magis  exercitum 
dici  aut  fingi  potest,  qui,  spe  amplissimorum  praemiorum,  ad 
rem  publicam  adducti,  metu  crudelissimorum  suppliciorum 
carere  non  possumus  ?  Equidem  ceteras  tempestates  et 
procellas  in  illis  dumtaxat  fluctibus  concionum  semper  pu- 
tavi  Miloni  esse  subeundas,  quia  semper  pro  bonis  contra 
improbos  senserat ;  in  judicio  vero,  et  in  eo  consilio,  in  quo 
ex  cunctis  ordinibus  amplissimi  viri  judicarent,  nunquam 
existimavi  spera  ullam  esse  habituros  Milonis  inimicos  ad 
ejus  non  modo  salutem  exstinguendam,  sed  etiam  gloriam  per 
tales  viros  infringendam.  6.  Quamquam  in  hac  causa, 
judices,  T.  Annii  tribunatu,  rebusque  omnibus  pro  salute  rei 
publicae  gestis,  ad  hujus  criminis  defensionem  non  abutemur, 
nisi  oculis  videritis  insidias  Miloni  a  Clodio  factas :  nee  de- 
3 


50  OEATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILO^a. 

precaturi  sumus,  nt  crimen  hoc  nobis  propter  multa  prae- 
clara  in  rem  publicam  merita  condonetis  ;  nee  postulating, 
ut,  si  mors  P.  Clodii  salus  vestra  fuerit,  idcirco  earn  virtuti 
Milonis  potius  qnam  populi  Romani  felicitati  assigned*. 
Sin  illius  insidiae  clariores  hac  luce  fuerint,  turn  denique 
obsecrabo,  obtestaborque  vos,  judices,  si  cetera  amisimus,  hoc 
saltern  nobis  ut  relinquatur,  vitam  ab  inimicorum  audacia 
telisque  ut  impune  liceat  defendere. 

III.  7.  Sed  antequam  ad  earn  orationem  venio,  quae  est 
propria  vestrae  quaestionis,  videntur  ea  esse  refutanda,  quae 
et  in  senatu  ab  inimicis  saepe  j  aetata  sunt,  et  in  concione  ab 
improbis,  et  paulo  ante  ab  accusatoribus,  ut,  omni  errore 
sublato,  rem  plane,  quae  veniat  in  judicium,  videre  possitis. 
Negant  intueri  lucem  esse  fas  ei,  qui  a  se  hominem  occisum 
esse  fateatur.  In  qua  tandem  urbe  hoc  homines  stultissimi 
disputant?  Nempe  in  ea,  quae  primum  judicium  de  capite 
vidit  M.  Horatii,  fortissimi  viri,  qui,  nondum  libera  civitate, 
tamen  populi  Iiomani  comitiis  libera tus  est,  quum  sua  manu 
sororem  esse  interfectam  fateretur.  8.  An  est  quisquam, 
qui  hoc  iguoret,  quum  de  homine  occiso  quaeratur,  aut 
negari  solere  omnino  esse  factum,  ant  recte  et  jure  factum 
esse  defendi  ?  Nisi  vero  existimatis,  dementem  P.  Afri- 
canum  fuisse,  qui,  quum  a  C.  Carbone,  tribuno  plebis, 
seditiose  in  concione  interrogaretur,  quid  de  Ti.  Gracchi 
morte  sentiret,  responderit,  jure  caesum  videri.  Neque  enim 
posset  aut  Ahala  ille  Servilius,  aut  P.  Nasica,  aut  L. 
Opimius,  aut  C.  Marius,  aut,  me  consule,  senatus  non  ne- 
farius  haberi,  si  sceleratos  cives  interfici  nefas  esset.  Itaque 
hoc,  judices,  non  sine  causa,  etiarn  nctis  fabulis,  doctissimi 
homines  memoriae  prodiderunt,  eum,  qui  patris  ulciscendi 
causa  matrem  necavisset,  variatis  hominum  sententiis,  non 
solum  divina,  sed  etiam  sapientissimae  deae  sententia 
liberatum.  9.  Quod  si  duodecim  tabulae  nocturnum 
furein  quoquo  modo,  diurnum  autem,  si  se  telo  defende- 
ret,  interfici  impune  voluerunt,  qnis  est,  qui,  quoquo  modo 
quis   interfectus    sit,   puniendum    putet,    qnum   videat    ali- 


ORATIO   TRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  51 

quando  gladium  nobis  ad  hominem  occidendum  ab  ipsis  por- 
riiri  legibus? 

IV.  At<jui  si  tempua  est  ullum  jure  hominis  iicraiidi,  quae 
multa  sunt,  certe  illud  est  non  modo  justum,  verum  etiam 
necessaiium,  ([mini  vi  vis  illata  defenditur.  Pudicitiam 
(Hiuin  eripefet  niiliti  tribunus  militaris  in  exercitu  C.  Marii, 
propinqatM  ejus  imperatoris,  interfectus  ab  eo  est,  cui  \im 
afferebat  Facere  enim  probus  adolescens  periculose,  quairi 
perpeti  turpiter  maluit.  Atque  hunc  ille  summus  vir,  scelere 
solutum,  periculo  liberavit.  10.  Insidiatori  vero,  et  latroni 
quae  potest  inferri  injusta  nex  ?  Quid  comitatus  nostri,  quid 
gladii  volunt  ?  quos  habere  certe  non  liceret,  si  uti  illis  nullo 
pacto  liceret.  Est  igitur  haec,  judices,  non  scripta,  sed  nata 
lex,  quam  non  didicimus,  accepimus,  legimus,  verum  ex  na- 
ture ipsa  airipuim.ua,  hausimus,  expressimus,  ad  quam  non 
docti,  sed  facti ;  non  instituti,  sed  imbuti  sumus ;  ut,  si  vita 
nostra  in  aliquas  insidias,  si  in  vim,  et  in  tela  aut  latromim 
aut  inimicorum  incidisset,  onmis  honesta  ratio  esset  expedi- 
eiulae  salutis.  Silent  enim  leges  inter  arma,  nee  se  exspedari 
jubent,  quuni  ei,  qui  exspectare  velit,  ante  injusta  poena 
luenda  sit  quam  justa  repetenda.  11.  Etsi  persapienter,  et 
quodammodo  tacite,  dat  ipsa  lex  potestatem  defendendi, 
quae  non  hominem  occidi,  sed  esse  cum  telo  hominis  occi- 
dendi  causa  vetat ;  ut,  quum  causa,  non  telum  quaeieretur, 
qui  Bui  defendendi  causa  telo  esset  usus,  non  hominis  occi- 
dendi  causa  habuisse  telum  judicaretur.  Quapropter  hoc 
maneat  in  causa,  judices  ;  non  enim  dubito,  quin  probaturus 
sim  vobis  defensionem  meam,  si  id  memineritis,  quod  oblivisci 
jion  potestis,  insidiatorem  interfici  jure  posse. 

V.  12.  Sequitur  illud,  quod  a  Milonis  inimicis  saepissi- 
nie  dicitur,  caedem,  in  qua  P.  Clodius  occisus  est,  senatum 
judicasse,  contra  rem  publicam  esse  factam.  Illam  vero 
senatus  non  senteniis  suis  solum,  sed  etiam  studiis  compro- 
bavit  Quoties  enim  est  ilia  causa  a  nobis  acta  in  senatu  ? 
quibis  assensionibus  universi  ordinis  ?  quam  nee  tacitis,  nee 
occultis?  Quando  enim  frequentissimo  senatu  quatuor,  aut 


52  O RATIO   TRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

sunimum  quinque  sunt  inventi,  qui  Milonis  causam  non  pro- 
barent?  Declarant  hujus  ambusti  tribimi  plebis  illae  inter- 
mortuae  condones,  quibus  quotidie  meam  potent? «»m  invidiose 
criminabatur,  quum  diceret,  senatum  non  quod  sentiret,  sed 
quod  ego  vellem,  decernere.  Quae  quidem  si  poteutia  est 
appellanda  potius,  quani  aut  propter  magna  in  rem  publicam 
merita  mediocris  in  bonis  causis  auctoritas,  aut  propter  hos 
officiosos  labores  meos  nonnulla  apud  bonos  gratia,  appelle- 
tur  ita  sane,  dummodo  ea  nos  utamur  pro  salute  bonorum 
contra  amentiam  perditorum.  ,13.  Hanc  vero  quaestionem, 
etsi  non  est  iniqua,  nunquam  tamen  senatus  constituendam 
putavit.  Erant  enim  leges,  erant  quaestiones,  vel  de  caede 
vel  de  vi ;  nee  tantum  moerorem  ac  luctum  senatui  mors  P. 
Clodii  afl'erebat,  ut  nova  quaestio  constitueretur.  Cujus 
enim  de  illo  incesto  stupro  judicium  decernendi  senatui  po- 
testas  esset  erepta;  de  ejus  interitu,  quis  potest  credere, 
senatum  judicium  novum  constituendum  putasse  ?  Cur  igi- 
tur  incendium  curiae,  oppugnationem  aedium  M.  Lepidi, 
caedem  banc  ipsam  contra  rem  publicam  senatus  factam  esse 
decrevit  ?  Quia  nulla  vis  unquain  est  in  libera  civitate  sus- 
cepta  inter  cives,  non  contra  rem  publicam.  14.  Non  enim 
est  ilia  defensio  contra  vim  unquam  optanda,  sed  nonnun- 
quam  est  necessaria.  Nisi  vero  aut  ille  dies,  quo  Ti.  Grac- 
chus est  caesus,  aut  ille,  quo  Caius,  aut  arma  Saturnini  non, 
etiamsi  e  re  publica  oppressa  sunt,  rem  publicam  tamen  vul- 
nerarunt. 

VI.  Itaque  ego  ipse  decrevi,  quum  caedem  in  Appia  fac- 
tam esse  constaret,  non  eum,  qui  se  defendisset,  contra  rem 
publicam  fecisse ;  sed,  quum  inessent  in  re  vis  et  insidiae, 
crimen  judicio  reservavi,  rem  notavi.  Quod  si  per  furiosum 
ilium  tribunum  senatui,  quod  sentiebat,  perficere  licuisset, 
novam  quaestionem  nullam.  haberemus.  Decernebat  enim, 
ut  veteribus  legibus,  tantummodo  extra  ordinem,  quaerere- 
tur.  Divisa  sententia  est,  postulante  nescio  quo  ;  nihil  enim 
ncesse  est  omnium  me  flagitia  proferre.  Sic  reliqua  auctor- 
itas senatus  empta  intercessione  sublata  est.      15.  At  enim 


OKATIO    PRO    T.    ANNK)    MIU  53 

Cn.  Pompeius  rogationo  sua,  et  de  re,  et  de  causa  judicavit; 
tulit  onim  de  caede,  quae  in  Appia  via  facta  esset,  in  qua  I*. 
( ilodiua  occisus  esset.  Quid  ergo  tulit?  Nempe  ut  quaerere- 
tur.  Quid  porro  quaerendum  est?  Factu nine  sit  ?  At  con- 
stat. A  quo  ?  At  paret.  Vidit  igitur,  etiam  in  oonfessione 
facti,  juris  tamen  defensionem  suscipi  posse.  Quod  nisi 
\  idisset,  posse  absolvi  eum,  qui  fateretur,  quura  videret  nos 
i'atiri,  neque  quaeri  uiiquani  jussisset,  nee  vobis  tarn  banc 
salutarem  in  judicando  literam,  quam  illam,  tristem  dedis- 
set.  Mihi  vero  Cn.  Pompeius  non  modo  nihil  gravius  con- 
tra Milonem  judicasse,  sed  etiam  statuisse  videtur,  quid  vos 
in  judicando  spectare  oporteret.  Nam  qui  non  poenam  con- 
fessioni,  sed  defensionem  dedit,  is  causam  interitus  quaeren- 
dam,  non  interitum  putavit.  16.  Jam  illud  ipse  dicet  pro- 
fecto,  quod  sua  sponte  fecit,  Publione  Clodio  tribuendum 
putarit,  an  tempori. 

VII.  Domi  suae  nobilissimus  vir,  senatus  propugnator, 
atque,  illis  quidem  temporibus,  paene  patronus,  avunculus 
hujus  judicis  nostri,  fortissimi  viri,  M.  Catonis,  tribunus 
plebis  M.  Drusus  occisus  est.  Nihil  de  ejus  morte  populus 
consultus,  nulla  quaestio  decreta  a  senatu  est.  Quantum 
luctum  in  hac  urbe  fuisse,  a  nostris  patribus  accepimus, 
quum  P.  Africano,  domi  suae  quiescenti,  ilia  nocturna  vis 
esset  illata  ?  quis  turn  non  gemuit  ?  quis  non  arsit  dolore, 
quern  immortalem,  si  fieri  posset,  omnes  esse  cuperent,  ejus 
ne  necessariam  quidem  exspectatam  esse  mortem  ?  Num 
igitur  ulla  quaestio  de  Africani  morte  lata  est  ?  Certe 
nulla.  17.  Quid  ita?  Quia  non  alio  facinore  clari  ho- 
mines, alio  obscuri  necantur.  Entersit  inter  vitae  digni- 
tatem summorum  atque  infimorum  ;  mors  quidem  illata  per 
scelus  iisdem  et  poenis  teneatur  et  legibus.  Nisi  forte 
magis  erit  parricida,  si  qui  consularem  patrem,  quam  si 
quis  humilem  necaverit,  aut  eo  mors  atrocior  erit  P.  Clodii, 
quod  is  in  niominientis  majorum  suorum  sit  interfectus. 
Hoc  enini  ab  istis  saepe  dicitur ;  proinde  quasi  Appius  ille 
Caecus  viam  muniverit,  non  qua  populus  uteretur,  sed  ubi 


54  OEATTO   PEO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

impune  sui  posteri  latrocinarentur.  18.  itaque  in  eadera 
ista  Appia  via,  quum  ornatissimum  equitem  liomanum  P. 
Clodius  M.  Papirium  occidisset,  non  fuit  illud  facinus  puni- 
endum ;  homo  enim  nobilis  in  suis  monumentis  equitem 
Romanum  occiderat ;  nunc  ojusdem  Appiae  nomen  quantas 
tragoedias  excitat  !  Quae  cruentata  antea  caede  honesti 
atque  imiocentis  viri  silebatur,  eadem  nunc  crebro  usurpa- 
tur,  posteaquam  latronis  et  parricidae  sanguine  imbuta  est. 
Sed  quid  ego  ilia  commemoro  ?  Comprehensus  est  in 
templo  Castoris  servus  P.  Clodii,  quern  ille  ad  Cn.  Pom- 
peium  interficiendum  collocarat ;  extorta  est  confitenti  sica 
de  manibus ;  caruit  foro  postea  Pompeius,  caruit  senatu, 
caruit  publico ;  janua  se,  ac  parietibus,  non  jure  legum 
judiciorumque  texit.  19.  Num  quae  rogatio  lata,  num  quae 
nova  quaestio  decreta  est  ?  Atqui,  si  res,  si  vir,  si  tempus 
ullum  dignum  fuit,  certe  haec  in  ilia  causa  summa  omnia 
fuerunt.  Insidiator  erat  in  foro  collocatus,  atque  in  vesti- 
bulo  ipso  senatus  ;  ei  viro  autem  mors  parabatur,  cujus  in 
vita  nitebatur  salus  civitatis  ;  eo  porro  rei  publicae  tempore, 
quo,  si  unus  ille  occidisset,  non  liaec  solum  civitas,  sed 
gentes  omnes  concidissent.  Nisi  vero,  quia  perfecta  res  non 
est,  non  fuit  punienda ;  proinde  quasi  exitus  rerum,  rion 
liominum  consilia  legibus  vindicentur.  Minus  dolendum 
fuit,  re  non  perfecta,  sed  puniendum  certe  nihilo  minus. 
20.  Quoties  ego  ipse,  judices,  ex  P.  Clodii  telis  et  ex  cruen- 
tis  ejus  manibus  effugi  ?  ex  quibus  si  me  non  vel  mea,  vel 
rei  publicae  fortuna  servasset,  quis  tandem  de  interitu  nieo 
quaestionem  tulisset? 

VIII.  Sed  stulti  sumus,  qui  Drusum,  qui  Africanum, 
Pompeium,  nosmet  ipsos  cum  P.  Clodio  conferre  audeamus. 
Tolerabilia  fuerunt  ilia ;  P.  Clodii  mortem  nemo  aequo 
animo  ferre  potest.  Luget  senatus,  moeret  equester  ordo, 
tota  civitas  confecta  senio  ast,  squalent  municipia,  afflictan- 
tur  coloniae,  agri  denique  ipsi  tarn  beneficum,  tarn  salu- 
tarem,  tarn  mansuetum  civem  desiderant.  21.  Non  fuit  ea 
causa,  judices,  profecto,  non  fuit,  cur  sibi  censeret  Pom- 


OKATTO    PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  55 

peiua  quaestionem  forendam ;  sed  homo  sapiens,  atque  alta 
et  divinn  quadam  niente  praeditus,  multa  vidit;  fuisse  ilium 
sil.i  inimicum,  familiarem  Milonem ;  in  oommuni  omnium 

lattitia  si  etiam  ipso  gauderet,  timuit,  ne  videretur  infirmior 
fides  reoonoiliatae  gratiae;  multa  etiam  alia  vidit,  sed  illud 
maxime.  quamvis  atrociter  ipse  tulisset,  vos  tamen  fortiter 
judicaturos.     Itaque  delegit  e  florentissimis  ordinibua  Lpaa 

lumina.  Neque  vero,  quod  nonnulli  dictitant,  secrevit  in 
judicious  legendis  amicos  ineos.  Neque  enim  hoc  cogitavit 
vir  justissimus,  neque  in  bonis  viris  legendis  id  assequi 
potuisset,  etiamsi  cupisset.  Non  enim  mea  gratia  familiari- 
tatibus  continetur,  quae  late  patere  non  j>ossunt,  propterea 
quod  consuetudines  victus  non  possunt  esse  cum  multis ; 
sed,  si  quid  possumus,  ex  eo  possumus,  quod  res  publica 
nos  conjunxit  cum  bonis;  ex  quibus  ille  quum  optimos 
viros  legeret,  idque  maxime  ad  fidem  suam  pertinere  arbi- 
traretur,  non  potuit  legere  non  studiosos  mei.  22.  Quod 
vero  te,  L.  Domiti,  huic  quaestioni  praeesse  maxime  voluit, 
nihil  quaesivit  aliud,  nisi  justitiam,  gravitatem,  humani- 
tatem,  fidem.  Tulit,  ut  consularem  necesse  esset ;  credo, 
quod  principum  munus  esse  ducebat,  resistere  et  levitati 
multitudinis,  et  perditorum  temeritati.  Ex  consularibus 
te  creavit  potissimum.  Dederas  enim,  quam  contenmeres 
populares  insanias,  jam  ab  adolescentia  documenta  maxima. 
IX.  23.  Quamobrem,  judices,  ut  aliquando  ad  causam 
crimenque  veniamus,  si  neque  omnis  confessio  facti  est  in- 
usitata,  neque  de  causa  nostra  quidquam  aliter,  ac  nos 
vellemus,  a  senatu  judicatum  est,  et  lator  ipse  legis,  quum 
esset  controversia  nulla  facti,  juris  tamen  disceptationem 
esse  voluit,  et  electi  judices,  isque  praepositus  quaestioni, 
qui  haec  juste  sapienterque  disceptet,  reliquum  est,  judices, 
ut  nihil  jam  quaerere  aliud  debeatis,  nisi,  uter  utri  insidias 
fecerit.  Quod  quo  facilius  argumentis  perspicere  possitis, 
rem  gestam  vobis  dum  breviter  expono,  quaeso,  diligenter 
attendite.  24.  P.  Clodius  quum  statuisset  omni  scelere  in 
praetura  vexare  rem  publicam,  videretque  ita  tracta  esse 


50  ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

comitia  anno  superiore,  ut  non  multos  menses  praeturam 
gerere  posset,  qui  non  honoris  gradum  spectaret,  ut  ceteri, 
sed  et  L.  Paullum  collegam  effugere  vellet,  singulari  virtute 
civem,  et  annum  integrum  ad  dilacerandam  rem  publicam 
quaereret,  subito  reliquit  annum  suum,'  seseque  in  proxi- 
mum  annum  transtnlit,  non,  ut  fit,  religione  aliqua,  sed  ut 
haberet,  quod  ipse  dicebat,  ad  praeturam  gerendam,  hoc  est, 
ad  evertendam  rem  publicam,  plenum  annum  atque  inte- 
grum. 25.  Occurrebat  ei,  mancam  ac  debilem  praeturam 
suam  futuram,  consule  Milone  ;  eum  porro  summo  consensu 
populi  Romani  consulem  fieri  videbat.  Contulit  se  ad  ejus 
competi  tores,  sed  ita,  totam  ut  petitionem  ipse  solus,  etiam 
invitis  illis,  gubernaret ;  tota  ut  comitia  suis,  ut  dictitabat, 
humeris  sustineret.  Convocabat  tribus;  se  interponebat ; 
Collinam  novam  delectu  perditissimorum  civium  conscribe- 
bat.  Quanto  ille  plura  miscebat,  tanto  hie  magis  in  dies 
convalescebat.  XIbi  vidit  homo  ad  omne  facinus  paratissi- 
mus,  fortissimum  virum,  inimicigsimum  suum,  certissimum 
consulem,  idque  intellexit  non  solum  sermonibus,  sed  etiam 
sufFragiis  populi  Romani  saepe  esse  declaratum,  palam  agere 
coepit,  et  aperte  dicere,  occidendum  Milonem.  26.  Servos 
agrestes  et  barbaros,  quibus  silvas  publicas  depopulatus  erat, 
Etruriamque  vexarat,  ex  Apennino  deduxerat,  quos  vide- 
batis.  Res  erat  minime  obscura.  Etenim  dictitabat  palam, 
consulatum  eripi  Miloni  non  posse,  vitam  posse.  Signifi- 
cavit  hoc  saepe  in  seuatu ;  dixit  in  concione ;  quin  etiam 
M.  Favonio,  fortissimo  viro,  quaerenti  ex  eo,  qua  spe 
fureret,  Milone  vivo,  respondft,  triduo  ilium,  aut  summum 
quatriduo  esse  periturum ;  quam  vocem  ejus  ad  hunc  M. 
Catonem  statim  Favonius  detulit. 

X.  27.  Interim,  quum  sciret  Clodius  (neque  enim  erat 
difficile  scire),  iter  sollemne,  legitimum,  necessarium,  ante 
diem  XIII.  Kalendas  Februarias,  Miloni  esse  Lanuvium  ad 
flaminem  prodendum,  quod  erat  dictator  Lanuvii  Milo, 
Roma  subito  ipse  profectus  pridie  est,  ut  ante  suum  fundum 
(quod  re  intellectum  est)  Miloni  insidias  collocaret.     Atque 


ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO    Mil  57 

ita  profectUB  est,  ut  concionem  turbulentam,  in  qua  ejus 
furor  desideratus  est,  quae  illo  ipso  die  habita  est,  rclin- 
queret,  quam,  nisi  obi  >ria  locum  tompusque  volu- 

issrt,  nunquam  reliquisaet.  28.  Mil<>  autem  quum  in  sonata 
fuisset  eo  die,  quoad  senatua  est  dimissus,  (Ionium  vexdi  ; 
calceoa  et  vestimenta  nmtavit ;  paulisper,  dam  B6  uxor  (ut 
fit)  comparat,  commoratus  est,  deinde  profectua  id  temporifl, 
quum  jam  Clodius,  si  quidem  eo  die  Romam  ventures  erat, 
redire  potuisset.  Obviam  fit  ei  Clodius,  expeditus,  in  equo, 
nulla  rheda,  nullis  impedimentis,  nullis  Graecis  comitibus, 
ut  solebat,  sine  uxore,  quod  nunquam  fere,  quum  hie  insidi- 
ator,  qui  iter  illud  ad  caedem  faciendam  apparasset,  cum 
uxore  velicretur  in  rheda,  paenulatus,  magno  et  impedito, 
et  muliebri  ac  delicato  ancillarum  puerorumque  comitatu. 
29.  Fit  obviam  Clodio  ante  fundum  ejus,  hora  fere  un- 
decima,  aut  non  multo  secus.  Statim  complures  cum  telis 
in  hunc  fapiunt  de  loco  superiore  impetum ;  adversi  rheda- 
rium  occidunt ;  quum  autem  hie  de  rheda,  rejecta  paenula, 
desiluisset,  seque  acri  animo  defenderet,  illi,  qui  erant  cum 
Clodio,  gladiis  eductis,  partim  recurrere  ad  rhedam,  ut  a 
tergo  Milonem  adorirentur,  partim,  quod  hunc  jam  inter- 
fectum  putarent,  caedere  incipiunt  ejus  servos,  qui  post 
erant,  ex  quibus,  qui  animo  fideli  in  dominum  et  praesenti 
fuerunt,  partim  occisi  sunt,  partim,  quum  ad  rhedam  pug- 
nari  viderent,  domino  succurrere  prohiberentur,  Milonem 
occisum  ex  ipso  Clodio  audirent,  et  re  vera  putarent,  fece- 
runt  id  servi  Milonis  (dicam  enim  aperte  non  derivandi 
criminis  causa,  sed  ut  factum  est),  nee  imperante,  nee  sciente, 
nee  praesente  domino,  quod  suos  quisque  servos  in  tali  re 
facore  voluisset. 

XI.  30.  Haec,  sicut  exposui,  ita  gesta  sunt,  judices  ;  in- 
sidiator  superatus  est ;  vi  victa  vis,  vel  potius  oppressa  vir- 
tute  audacia  est.  Nihil  dico,  quid  res  publica  consecuta  sit, 
nihil,  quid  vos,  nihil,  quid  omnes  boni.  Nihil  sane  id  prosit 
Miloni,  qui  hoc  fato  natus  est,  ut  ne  se  quidem  servare  po- 
tuerit,  quin  una  rem  publicam  vosque  servaret.  Si  id  jure 
3* 


5S  ORATIO   PRO   T.   ANNIO   MILONE. 

fieri  non  potuit,  nihil  habso,  quod  defendam.  Sin  hoc  et  ra- 
tio doctis,  et  necessitas  barbaris,  et  mos  gentibus,  et  feris 
etiam  belluis  natura  ipsa  praescripsit,  ut  omnem  semper  vim, 
quacunque  ope  possent,  a  corpore,  a  capite,  a  vita  sua  pro- 
pulsarent,  non  potestis  hoc  facinus  improbum  judicare,  quin 
simul  judicetis,  omnibus,  qui  in  latrones  inciderint,  aut  il- 
lorum  telis,  aut  vestris  sententiis  esse  pereundum.  31. 
Quod  si  ita  putasset,  certe  optabilius  Miloni  fuit  dare  jugu- 
lum  P.  Clodio,  non  semel  ab  illo,  neque  turn  primum  peti- 
tum,  quam  jugulari  a  vobis,  quia  se  non  jugulandum  illi  tra- 
didisset.  Sin  hoc  nemo  vestrum  ita  sentit,  illud  jam  in  judi- 
cium venit,  non,  occisusne  sit,  quod  fatemur  ;  sed  jure,  an  in- 
juria; quod  multis  in  causis  saepe  quaesitum  est.  Insidias 
factas  esse  constat,  et  id  est,  quod  senafcus  contra  rem  publi- 
cam  factum  judicavit ;  ab  utro  factae  sint,  incertum  est.  De 
hoc  igitur  latum  est  ut  quaereretur.  Ita  et  senatus  rem, 
non  hominem,  notavit,  et  Pompeius  de  jure,  non  de  facto, 
quaes tionem  tulit. 

XII.  Numquid  igitur  aliud  in  judicium  venit,  nisi,  uter 
utri  insidias  fecerit  ?  Profecto  nihil ;  si  hie  illi,  ut  ne  sit  im- 
pune ;  si  ille  huic,  turn  nos  scelere  solvamur. 

32.  Quonam  igitur  pacto  probari  potest,  insidias  Miloni 
fecisse  Clodium  ?  Satis  est  in  ilia  quidem  tarn  audaci,  tarn 
nefaria  bellua  docere,  magnam  ei  causam,  magnam  spem  in 
Milonis  morte  propositam,  magnas  utilitates  fuisse.  Itaque 
illud  Cassianuin,  cui  bono  fuerit,  in  his  personis  valeat ; 
etsi  boni  nullo  emolirTiento  impelluntur  in  fraudem,  improbi 
saepe  parvo.  Atqui,  Milone  interfecto,  Clodius  hoc  asseque- 
batur,  non  modo  ut  praetor  esset  non  eo  consule,  quosceleris 
facere  nihil  posset,  sed  etiam,  ut  iis  consulibus  praetor  esset, 
quibus  si  non  adjuvantibus,  at  conniventibus  certe,  speraret, 
se  posse  eludere  in  illis  suis  cogitatis  furoribus  ;  cujus  illi 
conatus,  ut  ipse  ratiocinabatur,  nee  cuperent  reprimere,  si 
possent,  quum  tantum  beneficium  ei  se  debere  arbitrarentur, 
et,  si  vellent,  fortasse  vix  possent  frangere  hominis  scelera- 
tissirni  corroboratam  jam  vetustate  audaciam.     33.  An  vero, 


ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  59 

jttdices,  vos  soli  ignoratis,  voshospitcs  in  hao  lirbe  I ■••rsaiuini  ? 
restrae  peregrinantur  aures,  neque  in  hoc  pervagato  civitatis 
sermone  versantur,  quas  ille  logos  (si  leges  nomiuandae  sunt, 
ac  11011  faces  urbis,  pestes  rei  pviblicae)  fuerit  iinpositurus 
nobis  omnibus  atque  inusturus  ?  Exhibe,  quaeso,  Sexte  Clo- 
di,  exhibe  librarium  illud  legum  vestrarum,  quod  te  aiunt 
eripuisse  e  domo,  et  ex  mediis  armis,  turbaque  nocturn:t, 
tamquam  Palladium  extulisse,  ut  praeclarum  videlicet 
munus,  atque  instrumentum  tribunatus  ad  aliquem,  si  nactus 
esses,  qui  tuo  arbitrio  tribunatum  gereret,  deferre  posses. 
An  linjns  ille  legis,  quam  Sex.  Clodius  a  se  inventam  gloria- 
tur,  mentionem  facere  ausus  esset,  vivo  Milone,  ne  dicam 
console?  De  nostrum  omnium — non  audeo  totum  dicere. 
Videte,  quid  ea  vitii  lex  habitura  fuerit,  cujus  periculosa 
etiam  reprehensio  est.  Et  adspexit  me  illis  quidem  oculis, 
quibus  turn  solebat,  quum  omnibus  omnia  minabatur.  Mo- 
vet  me  quippe  lumen  curiae. 

XIII.  Quid?  tu  me  tibi  iratum,  Sexte,  putas,  cujus  tu 
inimicissimum  multo  crudelius  etiam  punitus  es,  quam  erat 
liumanitatis  meae  postulare  ?  Tu  P.  Clodii  cruentum  cada- 
ver ejecisti  domo,  tu  in  publicum  abjecisti,  tu  spoliatum 
imaginibus,  exsequiis,  pompa,  laudatione,  infelicissimis  lignis 
semustilatum,  nocturnis  canibus  dilaniandum  reliquisti. 
Quare  etsi  nefarie  fecisti,  tamen,  quoniam  in  meo  inimico 
crudelitatem  exprompsisti  tuam,  laudare  non  possum,  irasci 
certe  non  debeo.  34.  [Demonstravi,  judices,  quantum 
Clodii  inter']  fuerit  occidi  Milonem.  Convertite  animos 
nunc  vicissiin  ad  Milonem.  Quid  Milonis  intererat  interfici 
Clodium  ?  Quid  erat,  cur  Milo,  non  dicam  admitteret,  sed 
opiaret  ? — Obstabat  in  spe  consulatus  Miloni  Clodius. — At 
eo  repugnante  fiebat ;  immo  vero  eo  fiebat  magis,  nee  me 
suffragatore  meliore  utebatur  quam  Clodio.  Yalebat  apud 
vos,  judices,  Milonis  erga  me  remque  publicam  meritorum 
memoria ;  valebant  preces  efc  lacrimae  nostrae,  quibus  ego 
turn  vos  mirifice  moveri  sentiebam  ;  sed  plus  multo  valebat 
periculorum  impendentium  timor.     Quis  enim  erat  civium, 


60  ORATTO   PEO   T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

qui  sibi  solutam  P.  Clodii  praeturam  sine  maximo  rerum 
novarum  metu  proponeret  ?  Solutam  autem  fore  videbatis, 
nisi  esset  is  consul,  qui  earn  auderet  possetque  constringere. 
Eum  Milonem  unum  esse  quum  sentiret  nni versus  populus 
Romanus,  quis  dubitaret  sufFragio  suo  se  metu,  periculo  rem 
publicam  liberare  ?  At  nunc,  Clodio  remoto,  usitatis  jam 
rebus  enitendum  est  Miloni,  ut  tueatur  dignitatem  suam  ; 
singularis  ilia  et  huic  uni  concessa  gloria,  quae  quotidie 
augebatur  frangendis  furoribus  Clodianis,  jam  Clodii  morte 
cecidit.  Vos  adepti  estis,  ne  quern  civem  metueretis ;  hie 
exercitationem  virtutis,  suffragationem  consulatus,  fontem 
perennem  gloriae  suae  perdidit.  Itaque  Milonis  consulatus, 
qui,  vivo  Clodio,  labefactari  non  poterat,  mortuo  denique 
tentari  coeptus  est.  Non  modo  igitur  nihil  prodest,  sed  obest 
etiam  Clodii  mors  Miloni.  35.  At  valuit  odium,  fecit  ira- 
tus,  fecit  inimicus,  fuit  ultor  injuriae,  punitor  doloris  sui. 
Quid  ?  si  haec,  non  dico,  majora  fuerunt  in  Clodio,  quam  in 
Milone,  sed  in  illo  maxima,  nulla  in  hoc?  quid  vultis 
amplius?  Quid  enini  odisset  Clodium  Milo,  segetem  ac 
materiem  suae  gloriae,  praeter  hoc  civile  odium,  quo  omnes 
improbos  odimus?  Ille,  erat,  ut  odisset,  primum  salutis 
meae  defensorem,  deinde  vexatorem  furoris,  domitorem  ar- 
morum  suorum,  postremo  etiam  accusatorem  suum.  Reus 
enim  Milonis,  lege  Plotia,  fuit  Clodius,  quoad  vixit.  Quo  tan- 
dem animo  hoc  tyrannuni  ilium  tulisse  creditis  ?  quantum 
odium  illius,  et,  in  homine  injusto,  quam  etiam  justum  fuisse  ? 
XIY.  36.  Reliquum  est,  ut  jam  ilium  natura  ipsius, 
consuetudoque  defendat,  hunc  autem  haec  eadem  coarguant. 
Nihil  per  vim  unquam  Clodius,  omnia  per  vim  Milo.  Quid  ? 
ego,  judices,  quum,  moerentibus  vobis,  urbe  cessi,  judici- 
umne  timui?  non  servos,  non  arma,  non  vim?  Quae  fuisset 
igitur  justa  causa  restituendi  mei,  nisi  fuisset  injusta  eji- 
ciendi  ?  Diem  mihi,  credo,  dixerat,  multam  irrogarat, 
actionem  perduellionis  intenderat,  et  mihi  videlicet  in  causa 
aut  mala  aut  mea,  non  et  praeclarissima  et.vestra,  judicium 
timendum  fuit.      Servorum,  et  egentium  civium,  et  faci- 


ORATIO     TRO     T.    ANNIO     MILONK.  (U 

norosorum   arm  is    meofl   rives,    meis   consiliis  periculiflque 

sn-vatos,  pro  me  objici  Dollli  .'>7.  Vidi  enim,  vidi,  hunt 
ipsum  Q.  Hortensium,  lumen  efc  ornamentuin  rei  publicae, 
paene  interfici  servoruni  manu,  quum  milii  adesset ;  qua  in 
tuiba  0.  Vibienus,  senator,  vir  optimus,  cum  hoc  quum  eeset 
una,  ita  est  mulcatus,  ut  vitam  amiserit.  Itaque  quando 
illius  postea  sica  ilia,  quam  a  Catilina  acceperat,  conquievit? 
Haec  intentata  nobis  est;  huic  ego  vos  objici  pro  me  non 
sum  passus ;  haec  insidiata  Pompeio  est;  haec  istam  A.p- 
piam,  mouumentum  sui  nominis,  nece  Papirii  cruentavit ; 
hare,  haec  eadem,  longo  intervallo,  conversa  rursus  est  in 
me ;  nuper  quidem,  ut  scitis,  me  ad  regiam  paene  confecit. 
'58.  Quid  simile  Milonis?  cujus  vis  omnis  haec  semper  fuit, 
ne  P.  Clodius,  quum  in  judicium  detrain  non  posset,  vi 
oppressam  civitatem  teneret.  Quern  si  interficere  voluisset, 
quantae,  quoties  occasiones,  quam  praeclarae  fuerunt  ?  Po- 
tuitne,  quum  domum  ac  deos  penates  suos,  illo  oppugnante, 
defenderet,  jure  se  ulcisci  ?  potuitne,  civi  egregio  et  viro 
fortissimo,  P.  Sestio,  collega  suo,  vulnerato  ?  potuitne,  Q. 
Fabricio,  viro  optimo,  quum  de  reditu  meo  legem  ferret, 
pulso,  crudelissima  in  foro  caede  facta  ?  potuitne  L.  Caecilii, 
justissimi  fortissimique  praetoris,  oppugnata  domo  ?  po- 
tuitne illo  die,  quum  est  lata  lex  de  me  ?  quum  totius  Italiae 
concursus,  quern  mea  salus  concitarat,  facti  illius  gloriam 
libens  agnovisset,  ut,  etiamsi  id  Milo  fecisset,  cuncta  ci vitas 
earn  laudem  pro  sua  vindicaret  ? 

XV.  39.  At  quod  erat  tempus  !  Clarissimus  et  fortis- 
simus  consul,  inimicus  Clodio,  P.  Lentulus,  ultor  sceleris 
illius,  propugnator  senatus,  defensor  vestrae  voluntatis,  pa- 
tronus  publici  consensus,  restitutor  salutis  meae ;  septem 
prae tores,  octo  tribuni  plebis,  illius  adversarii,  defensores 
mei ;  Cn.  Pompeius  auctor  et  dux  mei  reditus,  illius  hostis, 
cujus  sententiam  senatus  omnis  de  salute  mea  gravissimam  et 
ornatissimam  secutus  est,  qui  populum  Romanum  est  cohorta- 
tus,  qui,  quum  decretum  de  me  Capuae  fecit,  ipse  cunctae 
Italiae  cupienti  et  ejus  fidem  imploranti  signum  dedit,  ut  ad 


C2  ORATIO    PRO    T.     ANNIO    MILONp:. 

me  restituendum  Eomam  concurrerent ;  omnia  turn  denique 
in  ilium  odia  civium  ardebant  desiderio  mei ;  quern  qui.  turn 
interemisset,  non  de  impunitate  ejus,  sed  de  praemiis  cogi- 
taretur.  40.  Tamen  se  Milo  continuit,  et  P.  Clodium  in 
judicium  bis,  ad  vim  nunquam  vocavit.  Quid?  privato 
Milone,  et  reo  ad  populum,  accusante  P.  Clodio,  quum  in 
Cn.  Pompeium  pro  Mil  one  dicentem  impetus  factus  est, 
quae  turn  non  modo  occasio,  sed  etiam  causa  illius  oppri- 
mendi  fuit?  Nuper  vero  quum  M.  Antonius  summam 
spem  salutis  bonis  omnibus  attulisset,  gravissimamque  ado- 
lescens  nobilissimus  rei  publicae  partem  fortissime  sus- 
cepisset,  atque  illam  belluam,  judicii  laqueos  declinantem,  jam 
irretitam  teneret ;  qui  locus,  quod  tempus  illud,  dii  immor- 
tales,  fuit  ?  Quum  se  ille  fugiens  in  scalarum  tenebras  ab- 
didisset,  magnum  Miloni  fuit  conficere  illam  pestem  nulla 
sua  invidia,  Antonii  vero  maxima  gloria.  41.  Quid?  comi- 
tiis  in  campo  quoties  potestas  fuit,  qunm  ille  in  septa  irru- 
pisset,  gladios  destringendos,  lapides  jaciendos  curavisset, 
dein  subito,  vultu  Milonis  perterritus,  fugeret  ad  Tiberim, 
vos  et  omnes  boni  vota  faceretis,  ut  Miloni  uti  virtute  sua 
liberet? 

XVI.  Quem  igitur  cum  omnium  gratia  noluit,  hune 
voluit  cum  aliquorum  querela  ?  quem  jure,  quem  loco,  quem 
tempore,  quem  impune  non  est  ausus,  hunc  injuria,  iniquo 
loco,  alieno  tempore,  periculo  capitis,  non  dubitavit  occi- 
dere?  42.  praesertim,  judices,  quum  honoris  amj)lissimi 
contentio,  et  dies  comitiorum  subesset ;  quo  quidem  tem- 
pore (scio  enim,  quam  timida  sit  ambitio,  quantaque  et  quam 
sollicita  sit  cupiditas  consulatus),  omnia  non  modo,  quae 
reprehendi  palam,  sed  etiam  quae  obscure  cogitari  possunt, 
timemus,  rumorem,  fabulam  fictam,  levem.  perhorrescimus, 
ora  omnium  atque  oculos  intuemur.  Nihil  est  enim  tarn 
molle,  tarn  tenerum,  tarn  aut  fragile  aut  flexibile,  quam 
voluntas  erga  nos,  sensusque  civium,  qui  non  modo  improbi- 
tati  irascuntur  candidatorum,  sed  etiam  in  recte  factis  saepe 
fastidiunt.     43.  Hunc   igitur  diem  campi  speratum  atque 


ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE.  0fl 

exoptatuin  sibi  proponens  Milo,  cruentis  manibus,  scelus  et 
facinufl  prae  se  ferens  et  confitens,  ad  ilia  augnsta  centu- 
riarum  auspicia  vmiebat?  Quam  hoc  non  credibile  in  hoc  ! 
quam  idem  in  Clodio  non  dubitandum,  qui  se  interfecto 
Milone  regnaturum  putaret!  Quid?  quod  caput  est  and a- 
ciae,  judicea,  quia  ignorat,  maximam  illecebram  esse  pec- 
candi  impunitatis  spem?  In  utro  igitur  haec  fuit?  in 
Milone,  qui  etiam  nunc  reus  est  facti,  aut  praeclari,  aut 
certe  necessarii,  an  in  Clodio,  qui  ita  judicia  poenamque 
contempserat,  ut  euni  nihil  delectaret,  quod  aut  per  naturam 
fas  esset,  aut  per  leges  liceret  ?  44.  Sed  quid  ego  argumen- 
torV  quid  plura  dispute?  Te  Q.  Petili,  appello,  optimum  et 
fortissimum  civem ;  te,  M.  Cato,  testor;  quos  mihi  divina 
quaedem  sors  dedit  judices.  Vos  ex  M.  Favonio  audistis, 
Clodium  sibi  dixisse,  et  audistis  vivo  Clodio,  perituruin 
Milonem  triduo.  Post  diem  tertium  gesta  res  est,  quam 
dixerat.  Quum  ille  non  dubitarit  aperire,  quid  cogitaret, 
vos  po testis  dubitare,  quid  fecerit  ? 

XVII.  45.  Quemadmodum  igitur  eum  dies  non  fefellit? 
Dixi  equidem  modo.  Dictatoris  Lanuvini  stata  sacrificia 
nosse  negotii  nihil  erat.  Vidit,  necesse  esse  Miloni,  pro- 
ficisci  Lanuvium  illo  ipso,  quo  est  profectus,  die.  Itaque 
antevertit.  At  quo  die  ?  Quo,  ut  ante  dixi,  fuit  insanissi- 
ma  concio,  ab  ipsius  mercenario  tribuno  plebis  concitata ; 
quern  diem  ille,  quam  concionem,  quos  clamores,  nisi  ad 
cogitatum  facinus  approperaret,  nunquam  reliquisset.  Ergo 
illi  ne  causa  quidem  itineris,  etiam  causa  manendi  ;  Miloni 
manendi  nulla  facultas,  exeundi  non  causa  solum,  sed  etiam 
necessitas  fuit.  Quid  ?  si,  ut  ille  scivit,  Milonem  fore  eo 
die  in  via,  sic  Clodium  Milo  ne  suspicari  quidem  potuit  ? 
46.  Primum  quaero,  qui  scire  potuerit  ?  quod  vos  idem  in 
Clodio  quaerere  non  potestis.  Ut  enim  neminem  alium,  nisi 
T.  Patinam,  familiarissimum  suum,  rogasset,  scire  potuit, 
illo  ipso  die  Lanuvii  a  dictatore  Milone  prodi  flaminem 
necesse  esse.  Sed  erant  permulti  alii,  ex  quibus  id  facillime 
scire  posset ;  omnes  scilicet  Lanuvini.    Milo  de  Clodii  reditu 


64  OEATIO    PEO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

unde  quaesivit  ?  Quaesierit  sane.  Videte,  quid  vobis 
largiar.  Servum  etiam,  ut  Q.  Arrius,  meus  amicus,  dixit, 
corruperit.  Legite  testimonia  testium  vestrorum.  Dixit  C. 
Cassinius  Scliola,  Interamnanus,  familiarissimus  et  idem 
comes  Clodii,  cujus  jampridem  testimonio  Clodius  eadem 
hora  iDteranmae  fuerat  et  Romae,  P.  Clodium  illo  die  in 
Albano  mansurum  fuisse,  sed  subito  esse  ei  nuntiatum, 
Cyrum  architectum  esse  mortuum;  itaque  repente  Romam 
constituisse  proficisci.  Dixit  hoc,  comes  item  P.  Clodii,  C. 
Clodius. 

XVIII.  47.  Videte,  judices,  quantae  res  his  testimoniis 
Bint  confectae.  Primum  certe  liberatur  Milo,  non  eo  con- 
si  lio  profectns  esse,  ut  insidiaretur  in  via  Clodio ;  quippe ; 
si  ille  obvius  ei  futurus  omnino  non  erat.  Deinde  (non  enim 
video,  cur  non  meum  quoque  agam  negotium)  scitis,  judices, 
fuisse,  qui  in  hac  rogatione  suadenda  dicerent,  Milonis  manu 
caedem  esse  factam,  consilio  vero  majoris  alicujus.  Me 
videlicet  latronem  ac  sicarium  abjecti  homines  et  perditi 
describebant.  Jacent  suis  testibus  hi,  qui  Clodium  negant 
eo  die  Romam,  nisi  de  Cyro  audisset,  fuisse  rediturum. 
Respiravi  ;  liberatus  sum  ;  non  vereor,  ne,  quod  ne  suspicari 
quidem  potuerim,  videar  id  cogitasse.  48.  Nunc  persequar 
cetera.  Nam  occurrit  illud  :  Igitur  ne  Clodius  quidem  de 
insidiis  cogitavit,  quoniam  fait  in  Albano  mansurus.  Si 
quidem  exiturus  ad  caedem  e  villa  non  fuisset.  Video  enim, 
ilium,  qui  dicatur  de  Cyri  morte  nuntiasse,  non  id  nuntiasse, 
sed  Milonem  appropinquare.  Nam  quid  de  Cyro  nuntiaret, 
quern  Clodius,  Roma  proficiscens,  reliquerat  morientem  ? 
Una  fui ;  testamentum  simul  obsignavi  cum  Clodio  ;  testa- 
mentum  autem  palam  fecerat,  et  ilium  heredem  et  me 
scripserat.  Quern  pridie  hora  tertia  animam  efflantem 
reliquisset,  eum  mortuum  postridie  hora  decima  denique  ei 
nuntiabatur  ? 

XIX.  49.  Age,  sit  ita  factum ;  quae  causa,  cur  Romam 
properaret  ?  cur  in  noctem  se  conjiceret  ?  Quid  afferebat 
causam   festinationis  ?     Quod   heres   erat?     Primum   erat 


OltATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE.  65 

nihil,  cur  properato  opus  esset;  deinde,  si  quid  esset,  <|ui<l 
tandem  erat,  quod  ea  nocte  consequi  posset,  amitteret  ant i  in, 
si  postridie  Elomam  mane  venisset?  Atque  ut  illi  noc- 
tunms  ad  urbem  adventus  vitamins  potius,  quam  expetendus 

fuit,  sic  Miloni,  qimm  insidiator  esset,  si  ilium  ad  arbem 
noctu  accessurum  sciebat,  subsidendum  atque  exspectandum 
fuit.  50.  Noctu,  insidioso  et  pleno  latronum  in  loco 
occidisset ;  nemo  ei  neganti  non  credidisset,  quern  esse 
omnes  salvum,  etiam  confitentem  volunt.  Sustinuisset  hoc 
crimen  primuni  ipse  ille  latronum  occultator  et  receptor 
locus  ;  turn  neque  muta  solitude  indicasset,  neque  caeca  uox 
ostendisset  Milonem ;  deinde  ibi  multi  ab  illo  violati,  spoli- 
ati,  bonis  expulsi,  multi  haec  etiam  timentes  in  suspicionem 
caderent;  tota  denique  rea  citaretur  Etruria.  51.  Atque 
illo  die  certe  Aricia  rediens  devertit  Clodius  ad  se  in 
Albanum.  Quod  ut  sciret  Milo,  ilium  Ariciae  fuisse,  sus- 
picari  tamen  debuit,  eum,  etiamsi  Eomam  illo  die  reverti 
vellet,  ad  villam  suarn,  quae  viam  tangeret,  deversurum. 
Cur  neque  ante  occurrit,  ne  ille  in  villa  rcsideret,  nee  eo  in 
loco  subsedit,  quo  ille  noctu  venturus  esset  ? 

Video  constare  adhuc,  judices,  omnia  ;  Miloni  etiam  utile 
fuisse  Clodium  vivere,  illi  ad  ea  quae  concupierat,  optatissi- 
nnun  interitum  Milonis  ;  odium  fuisse  illius  in  hunc  acerbis- 
simum,  nullum  hujus  in  ilium  ;  consuetudinem  illius  per- 
petuam  in  vi  inferenda,  hujus  tantum  in  repellenda ;  52. 
mortem  ab  illo  denuntiatam  Miloni,  et  praedictam  palam, 
niliil  unquam  auditum  ex  Milone  ;  profectionis  hujus  diem 
illi  notum,  reditus  illius  huic  ignotum  fuisse ;  hujus  iter 
necessarium,  illius  etiam  potius  alienum ;  hunc  prae  se 
tulisse,  illo  se  die  Roma  exiturum,  ilium  eo  die  se  dissimu- 
lasse  rediturum ;  hunc  nullius  rei  mutasse  consilium,  ilium 
causam  mutandi  consilii  finxisse  ;  huic,  si  insidiaretur,  noc- 
tem  prope  urbem  exspectandam,  illi,  etiamsi  hunc  non 
timeret,  tamen  accessum  ad  urbem  nocturnum  fuisse 
metuendum. 

XX     53.  Videamus  nunc  id,  quod  caput  est,  locus  ad 


66  OEATIO    PEO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

insidias  ille  ipse,  ubi  congressi  sunt,  utri  tandem  fuerit 
aptior.  Id  vero,  judices,  etiam  dubitandum,  et  diutius 
cogitandum  est  ?  Ante  fundum  Clodii,  quo  in  fundo, 
propter  insanas  illas  substructiones,  facile  hominum  mille 
versabantur  valentium  ;  edito  adversarii  atque  excelso  loco, 
superiorem  se  fore  putarat  Milo,  et  ob  earn  rem,  eum  locum 
ad  pugnam  potissimum  elegerat  ?  an  in  eo  loco  est  potius 
exspectatus  ab  eo,  qui  ipsius  loci  spe  facere  impetum  cogi- 
tarat?  Res  loquitur  ipsa,  judices,  quae  semper  valet  pluri- 
mum.  54.  Si  haec  non  gesta  audiretis,  sed  picta  videretis, 
tamen  appareret,  uter  esset  insidiator,  uter  nihil  cogitaret 
mali,  quum  alter  veheretur  in  rheda  paenulatus,  una  sederet 
uxor.  Quid  horum  non  impeditissimum  ?  vestitus,  an 
veliiculum,  an  comes?  quid  minus  promptum  ad  pugnam, 
quum  paenula  irretitus,  rheda  impeditus,  uxore  paene  con- 
strictus  esset  ?  Videte  nunc  ilium,  primum  egredientem  e 
villa,  subito  ;  cur  ?  vesperi ;  quid  necesse  est  ?  tarde  ;  qui 
convenit,  praesertim  id  temporis  ?  Devertit  in  villain 
Pompeii.  Pompeium  ut  videret  ?  sciebat,  in  Alsiensi 
esse  ;  villain  ut  perspiceret  ?  millies  in  ea  fuerat ;  quid  ergo 
erat  ?  mora  et  tergiversatio  ;  dum  hie  veniret,  locum  relin- 
quere  noluifc. 

XXI.  55.  Age,  nunc  iter  expediti  latronis  cum  Milonis 
impedimentis  comparate.  Semper  ille  antea  cum  uxore; 
turn  sine  ea  ;  nunquam  nisi  in  rheda  ;  turn  in  equo  ;  comites 
Graeculi,  quocunque  ibat,  etiam  quum  in  castra  Etrusca  pro- 
perabat ;  turn  in  comitatu  nugarum  nihil.  Milo,  qui  nun- 
quam, turn  casu  pueros  symphoniacos  uxoris  ducebat  et 
ancillarum  greges.  Ille,  qui  semj)er  secum  scorta,  semper  exo- 
letos,  semper  lupas  duceret,  turn  neminem,  nisi  ut  virum  a  viro 
lectum  esse  di ceres.  Cur  igitur  victus  est  ?  Quia  non  semper 
viator  a  latrone,  nonnunquam  etiam  latro  a  viatore  occiditur ; 
quia,  quamquam  paratus  in  imparatos  Clodius,  tamen  mulier 
inciderat  in  viros.  56.  Nee  vero  sic  erat  unquam  non  para- 
tus Milo  contra  ilium,  ut  non  satis  fere  esset  paratus.  Sem- 
per ille,  et  quantum  interesset  P.  Clodii,  se  perire,  et  quanto 


ORATIO    TEO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE.  07 

UU  odio  eeset,  et  quantum  ille  auderet,  cogitabat.  Quamo- 
brem  vitam  suam,  quam  maximia  praemiia  juopositam  et 
paene  addiotam  Bciebat,  aunquam  in  periculum  sinepraeaidio 
ci  sinecuatodia  projiciebat.  Adde  casus,  addc  incertos  exitus 
pugnarum  tfartemque  communem,  qui  Baepe  spoliantem 
jam  et  exsultantem  evertit,  et  perculit  ab  abjecto ;  adde 
inacitiam  pransi,  poti,  oscitantis  ducis,  qui  quum  a  tergo 
bostem  inicivlusum  reliquisset,  nihil  de  ejus  extremis  comiti- 
bua  cogitavit,  in  quos  incensos  ira  vitamque  domini  desperan- 
tes  quum  incidisset,  haesit  in  iis  poenis,  quas  ab  eo  servi 
fideles  pro  domini  vita  expetiverunt.  57.  Cur  igitur  eos 
manumiait?  Metuebat  scilicet,  ne  indicarent,  ne  dolorem 
perferre  non  possent,  ne  tormentis  cogerentur  occisum  esse  a 
servis  Milonis  in  Appia  via  P.  CI  odium  confiteri.  Quid 
opus  est  tortore  ?  Quid  quaeris  ?  Occideritne  ?  Occidit. 
Jure,  an  injuria?  Nihil  ad  tortorem.  Facti  enim  in  equu- 
leo  quaestio  est,  juris  in  judicio. 

XXII.  Quod  igitur  in  causa  quaerendum  est,  id  agamus 
hie  ;  quod  tormentis  invenire  vis,  id  fatemur.  Manu  vero 
cur  miserit,  si  id  potius  quaeris,  quam  cur  paruni  amplis 
affecerit  praemiis,  nescis  inimici  factum  reprehendere.  58. 
J  )ixit  enim  hie  idem,  qui  omnia  semper  constanter  et  fortiter, 
M.  Cato,  et  dixit  in  turbulenta  concione,  quae  tamen  hujus 
auctoritate  placata  est,  non  libertate  solum,  sed  etiam  omni- 
bus praemiis  dignissimos  fuisse,  qui  domini  caput  defendis- 
sent.  Quod  enim  praemium  satis  magnum  est  tarn  bene- 
volis,  tarn  bonis,  tarn  fidelibus  servis,  propter  quos  vivit? 
Etsi  id  quidem  non  tanti  est,  quam  quod  propter  eosdem  non 
sanguine  et  vulneribus  suis  crudelissimi  inimici  mentem  ocu- 
losfjue  satiavit.  Quos  nisi  manumisisset,  tormentis  etiam 
dedendi  fuerunt  conservatores  domini,  ultores  sceleris,  defen- 
sores  necis.  Hie  vero  nihil  habet  in  his  malis,  quod  minus 
moleste  ferat,  quam,  etiamsi  quid  ipsi  accidat,  esse  tamen 
illis  meritum  praemium  persolutum.  59.  Sed  quaestiones 
urgent  Milonem,  quae  sunt  habitae  nunc  in  atrio  Libertatis. 
Quibusnam  de  servis?     llogas?     De  P.  Clodii.     Quis  eos 


68  OEATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

postulavit  ?  Appins.  Quis  produxit  ?  Appius.  Unde  ? 
Ab  Appio.  Dii  boni  !  quid  potest  agi  severius  ?  De  servis 
nulla  lege  quaestio  est  in  dominum,  nisi  de  incestu,  ut  fuit 
in  Clodium.  Proxime  deos  accessit  Clodius,  propius  qnam 
turn,  quum  ad  ipsos  penetrarat,  cujus  de  morte,  tamquam  de 
caerimoniis  violatis,  quaeritur.  Sed  tamen  majores  nostri 
in  dominum  de  servo  quaeri  noluerunt,  non  quia  non  posset 
verum  inveniri,  sed  quia  videbatur  indignum,  et  dominis 
morte  ipsa  tristius.  In  reum  de  servo  accusatoris  quum 
quaeritur,  verum  inveniri  potest  ?  60.  Age  rero,  quae  erat, 
ant  qualis  quaestio  ?  Heus  tu,  Rufio,  verbi  causa,  cave  sis 
mentiare.  Clodius  insidias  fecit  Miloni?  Fecit.  Certa 
crux.  Nullas  fecit.  Sperata  Iibertas.  Quid  hac  quaestione 
certius  ?  Subito  abrepti  in  quaestionem  tamen  separantur  a 
ceteris,  et  in  areas  conjiciuntur,  ne  quis  cum  iis  colloqui 
possit.  Hi  centum  dies  penes  accusatorem  quum  fuissent, 
ab  eo  ipso  accusatore  producti  sunt.  Quid  hac  quaestione 
dici  potest  integrius  ?    quid  incorruptius  ? 

XXIII.  61.  Quod  si  nondum  satis  cernitis,  quum  res 
ipsa  tot  tam  claris  argumentis  signisque  luceat,  pura  mente 
atque  integra  Milonem,  nullo  scelere  imbutum,  nullo  metu 
perterritum,  nulla  conscientia  exanimatum,  Romam  revertis- 
se,  recordamini,  per  deos  immortales  !  quae  fuerit  celeritas 
reditus  ejus,  qui  ingressus  in  forum,  ardente  curia,  quae 
magnitudo  animi,  qui  vultus,  quae  oratio.  Neque  vero  se 
popnlo  solum,  sed  etiam  senatui  commisit,  neque  senatui 
modo,  sed  etiam  publicis  praesidiis  et  armis,  neque  his  tan- 
tum,  verum  etiam  ejus  potestati,  cui  senatus  totam  rem 
publicam,  omnem  Italiae  pubem,  cuncta  populi  Romani  arma 
commiserat ;  cui  nunquam  se  hie  profecto  tradidisset,  nisi 
causae  suae  confideret,  praesertim  omnia  audienti,  magna 
metuenti,  multa  suspicanti,  nonnulla  credenti.  Magna  vis 
est  conscientiae,  judices,  et  magna  in  utramque  partem,  ut 
neque  timeant,  qui  nihil  commiserint,  et  poenam  semper 
ante  oculos  versari  putent,  qui  peccarint.  62.  Neque  vero, 
sine  ratione  certa,  causa   Milonis  semper  a  senatu  probata 


ORATIO    PBO    T.    AN  MO    MI  LONE.  60 

est.  Videbant  cniiu  sapientisaimi  homines  fecti  rationem, 
praesentiam  animi,  defensionia  constant  iam.  An  vero 
obliti  estis,  judices,  recenti  illo  nimtio  necis  Clodianae,  non 
modo  iiiimicorum  Milonis  seraiones  et  opiniones,  sed  non- 
nullorum  etiam  imperitorum  ?  Negabant  eum  Romam  esse 
reditu  rum.  G3.  Sive  enim  illud  aiiimo  irato  ac  percito 
fecisset,  ut  incensus  odio  trucidaret  inimicum,  arbitrabantur, 
eum  tanti  mortem  P.  Clodii  putasse,  ut  aequo  animo  patria 
careret,  quum  sanguine  inimici  explesset  odium  suum  ;  sive 
etiam  illius  morte  patriam  liberare  voluisset,  non  dubitatu- 
rum  fortem  virum,  quin,  quum  suo  periculo  salutem  rei 
publicae  attulisset,  cederet  aequo  animo  legibus ;  secum  au- 
ferret  gloriam  sempiternam;  nobis  haec  fruenda  relinqueret, 
quae  ipse  servasset.  Multi  etiam  Catilinam,  atque  ilia  por- 
tenta  loquebantur :  u  Erumpet,  occupabit  aliquem  locum, 
bellum  patriae  faciet."  Miseros  interdum  cives  optime  de 
re  publica  meritos,  in  quibus  homines  non  modo  res  prae- 
clarissiraas  obliviscuntur,  sed  etiam  nefarias  suspicantur  ! 
G4.  Ergo  ilia  falsa  fuerunt ;  quae  certe  vera  exstitissent,  si 
Milo  admisisset  aliquid,  quod  non  posset  honeste  vereque 
defend  ere. 

XXIV.  Quid  ?  quae  postea  sunt  in  eum  congesta,  quae 
quemvis  etiam  mediocrium  delictorum  conscientia  perculis- 
sent,  ut  sustinuit !  dii  immortales !  sustinuit  ?  immo  vero 
ut  contempsit,  ac  pro  niliilo  putavit !  quae  neque  maximo 
animo  nocens,  neque  innocens,  nisi  fortissimus  vir,  negligere 
potuisset.  Scutorum,  gladiorum,  frenorum,  pilorumque 
etiam  multitudo  depreliendi  posse  indicabatur  ;  nullum  in 
urbe  vicum,  nullum  angiportum  esse  dicebant,  in  quo  non 
Miloni  conducta  esset  domus  ;  arma  in  villain  Ocriculanam 
devecta  Tierbi;  domus  in  clivo  Capitolino  scutis  referta ; 
plena  omnia  melleolorum  ad  urbis  incendia  comparatorum. 
Haec  non  delata  solum,  sed  paene  credita,  nee  ante  repudi- 
ata  sunt,  quam  quaesita.  65.  Laudabam  equidem  incredi- 
bilem  diligentiam  Cn.  Pompeii ;  sed  dicam,  ut  sentio,  judices. 
Nimis  multa  coguntur  audire,  neque  aliter  facere  possunt  ii, 


70  ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

quibus  tota  commissa  est  res  publica ;  cui  etiam  fuerit  audi- 
endus  popa  Liciiiius  nescio  qui  de  circo  maximo ;  servos 
Milonis  apud  se  ebrios  factos  sibi  confessos  esse,  de  interfi- 
ciendo  Pompeio  conjurasse,  dein  postea  se  gladio  percussum 
esse  ab  uno  de  illis,  ne  indicaret,  Pompeio  in  hortos  nuntia- 
vit.  Arcessor  in  primis.  De  amicorum  sententia  rem  de- 
fert  ad  senatum.  Non  poteram  in  illius  mei  patriaeque  cus- 
todis  tanta  suspicione  non  metu  exanimari,  sed  mirabar  tamen, 
credi  popae  ;  confessionem  servorum  audiri  ;  vulnus  in  latere, 
quod  acu  punctual  videretur,  pro  ictu  gladiatoris  probari.  66. 
Verum,  ut  intelligo,  cavebat  magis  Pompeius,  quam  timebat, 
non  ea  solum,  quae  timenda  erant,  sed  omnia,  ne  vos  aliquid 
tinieretis.  Oppugnata  domus  C.  Caesaris,  clarissimi  et  for- 
tissimi  viri,  per  multas  noctis  horas  nuntiabatur.  Nemo 
audierat  tarn  celebri  loco,  nemo  senserat ;  tamen  audieba- 
tur.  Non  poteram  Cn.  Pompeium,  praestantissima  virtute 
virum,  timidum  suspicari ;  diligentiam,  tota  re  publica  sus- 
cepta,  nimiam  nullam  putabam.  Frequentissimo  senatu  nu- 
per  in  Capitolio  senator  inventus  est,  qui  Milonem  cum 
telo  esse  diceret.  Nudavit  se  in  sanctissimo  templo,  quoniam 
vita  talis  et  civis  et  viri  fidem  non  faciebat,  ut,  eo  tacente, 
res  ipsa  loqueretur. 

XXV.  67.  Omnia  falsa  atque  insidiose  ficta  comperta 
sunt ;  quum  tamen  metuitur  etiam  nunc  Milo.  Non  jam 
hoc  Clodianum  crimen  timemus,  sed  tuas,  Cn.  Pompei  (te 
enim  jam  appello,  et  ea  voce,  ut  me  exaudire  possis),  tuas, 
tuas,  inquam,  suspiciones  perliorrescimus.  Si  Milonem 
times,  si  hunc  de  tua  vita  nefarie  aut  nunc  cogitare,  aut 
molitum  aliquando  aliquid  putas ;  si  Italiae  delectus,  ut 
nonnulli  conquisitores  tui  dictitarunt ;  si  haec  arma,  si  Capi- 
tolinae  cohortes,  si  excubiae,  si  vigiliae,  si  delecta  juventus, 
quae  tuum  corpus  domumque  custodit,  contra  Milonis  im- 
petum  armata  est ;  atque  ilia  omnia  in  hunc  unum  instituta, 
parata,  inteuta  sunt,  magna  certe  in  hoc  vis,  et  incredibilis 
animus,  et  non  unius  viri  vires  atque  opes  indicantur,  si 
quidem  in  hunc  unum,  et  praestantissimus  dux  electus,  et 


ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  71 

tota  res  publica  armata  est.  G8.  Sed  quis  non  intelligit, 
omnes  til>i  ici  jmblicae  partes  aegras  et  labantes,  ut  eas  liis 
armis  sanares  et  confirinares,  esse  commissas  ?  Quod  si 
locus  Miloui  datus  esset,  probasset  profecto  tibi  ipsi,  nemi- 
nem  unquaui  homiiiem  homiiii  cariorem  fuisse  quani  te  sil>i ; 
nullum  so  unquam  periculum  pro  tua  dignitate  fugissc; 
own  ilia  ipsa  teterrima  peste  se  saepissime  pro  tua  gloria 
contendisse  ;  tribunatum  suuin  ad  salutem  meam,  quae  tibi 
carissima  fuisset,  consiliis  tuis  gubernatum ;  se  a  te  postea 
defensum  in  periculo  capitis,  adjutum  in  petitione  praeturar  ; 
duos  se  habere  semper  amicissimos  sperasse,  te  tuo  beneficio, 
me  suo.  Quae  si  non  probaret,  si  tibi  ita  penitus  inhae- 
sisset  ista  suspicio,  nullo  ut  evelli  modo  posset,  si  denique 
Italia  a  delectu,  urbs  ab  armis  sine  Milonis  clade  nunquam 
esset  conquietura,  nae  iste  baud  dubitans  cessisset  patria,  is, 
qui  ita  natus  est,  et  ita  consuevit ;  te,  Magne,  tamen  an- 
testaretur,  quod  nunc  etiam  facit. 

XXVI.  69.  Vide,  quam  sit  varia  vitae  commutabilisque 
ratio,  quam  vaga  volubilisque  fortuna,  quantae  infidelitates 
in  amicitiis,  quam  ad  tempus  aptae  simulationes,  quantae 
in  periculis  fugae  proximorum,  quantae  timiditates.  Erit, 
erit  illud  profecto  tempus,  et  illuscescet  ille  aliquando  dies, 
quum  tu,  salutaribus,  ut  spero,  rebus  tuis,  sed  fortasse  motu 
aliquo  communium  temporum  (qui  quam  crebro  accidat, 
experti  scire  debemus),  et  amicissimi  benevolentiam,  et 
gravissimi  hominis  fidem,  et  unius  post  homines  natos  fortis- 
simi  viri  magnitudinem  animi  desideres.  70.  Quamquam 
quis  hoc  credat,  Cn.  Pompeium,  juris  publici,  moris  majo- 
rum,  rei  denique  publicae  peritissimum,  quum  senatus  ei 
commiserit,  ut  videret,  ne  quid  res  publica  detrimenti 
caperet,  quo  uno  versiculo  satis  armati  semper  consules 
fuerunt,  etiam  nullis  armis  datis,  hunc  exercitu,  hunc  de- 
lectu dato,  judicium  exspectaturum  fuisse  in  ejus  consiliis 
vindicandis,  qui  vi  judicia  ipsa  tolleret  ?  Satis  judicatum 
est  a  Pompeio,  satis,  falso  ista  conferri  in  Milonem,  (pii 
legem  tulit,  qua,  ut  ego  sentio,   Milonem  absolvi  a  vobis 


72  ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

oporteret,  ut  omnes  confitentur,  liceret.  71.  Quod  vero  in 
illo  loco  atque  illis  publicorum  praesidiorum  copiis  circum- 
fusus  sedet,  satis  declarat,  se  non  terrorem  inferre  vobis 
(quid  enim  minus  illo  dignum,  quam  cogere,  ut  vos  eum 
condemnetis,  in  quern  animadvertere  ipse  et  more  majorum 
et  suo  jure  posset?),  sed  praesidio  esse,  ut  intelligatis,  con- 
tra hesternam  illam  concionem  licere  vobis,  quod  sentiatis, 
libere  judicare. 

XXVII.  72.  Nee  vero  me,  judices,  Clodianum  crimen 
movet,  nee  tam  sum  demens,  tamque  vestri  sensus  ignarus 
atque  expers,  ut  nesciam,  quid  de  morte  Clodii  sentiatis. 
De  qua,  si  jam  nollem  ita  diluere  crimen,  ut  dilui,  tamen 
iinpune  Miloni  palam  clamare  ac  mentiri  gloriose  liceret : 
"  Occidi,  occidi,  non  Sp.  Maelium,  qui  annona  levanda  jac- 
turisque  rei  familiaris,  quia  nimis  amplecti  plebem  videba- 
tur,  in  suspicionem  incidit  regni  appetendi,  non  Ti.  Grac- 
chum,  qui  collegae  magistratum  per  seditionem  abrogavit, 
quorum  interfectores  impleverunt  orbem  terrarum  nominis 
sui  gloria,  sed  eum  (auderet  enim  dicere,  quum  patriam 
2)ericulo  suo  liberasset),  cujus  nefandum  adulterium  in  pulvi- 
naribus  sanctissimis  nobilissimae  feminae  comprehenderunt ; 
73.  eum,  cujus  supplicio,  senatus  sollemnes  religiones  ex- 
piandas  saepe  censuit ;  eum,  quern  cum  sorore  germana 
nefarium  stuprum  fecisse,  L.  Lucullus  juratus  se,  quaestioni- 
bus  habitis,  dixit  comperisse  ;  eum,  qui  civem,  quern  sena- 
tus, quern  populus  Romanus,  quern  omnes  gentes  urbis  ac 
vitae  civium  conservatorem  judicarant,  servorum  armis  ex- 
terminavit ;  eum,  qui  regna  dedit,  ademit,  orbem  terrarum, 
quibuscum  voluit,  partitus  est ;  eum,  qui,  plurimis  caedibus 
in  foro  factis,  singulari  virtute  et  gloria  civem  domum  vi 
et  armis  compulit;  eum,  cui  nihil  unquam  nefas  fuit,  nee 
in  facinore  nee  in  libidine  ;  eum,  qui  aedem  Nympharum 
incendit,  ut  memoriam  publicam  recensionis,  tabulis  publi- 
cis  impressam,  exstingueret ;  74.  eum  denique,  cui  jam  nulla 
lex  erat,  nullum  civile  jus,  nulli  possessionum  termini  ;  qui 
non  calumnia  litium,  non  injustis  vindiciis  ac  sacramentis, 


ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILoM  .  73 

alienos  fundos,  sed  castris,  exercitu,  signis  inferendis,  pete- 
bat ;  qui  non  solum  Etruscos  (eos  enim  penitus  contemp- 
'serat),  sed  hunc  P.  Varium,  fortissimum  atque  optimum 
civem,  judicem  nostrum,  pellere  possessionibus,  armis  cas- 
t risque  conatus  est ;  qui  cum  architectis  et  decempedis 
villas  multorum,  hortosque  peragrabat ;  qui  Janiculo  et 
Alpibus  spem  possessionum  terminabat  suarum  ;  qui,  quum 
ab'equite  Romano  splendido  et  forti,  M.  Paconio,  non  im- 
petrasset,  ut  sibi  insulam  in  lacu  Prilio  venderet,  repente 
lintribus  in  earn  insulam  materiem,  calcem,  caementa,  arma 
convexit,  dominoque  trans  ripam  inspectante  non  dubitavit 
aedificium  exstruere  in  alieno ;  75.  qui  huic  T.  Furfanio, 
cui  viro  ?  dii  immortales  !  (quid  enim  ego  de  muliercula 
Scantia,  quid  de  adolescente  P.  Apinio  dicam  ?  quorum 
utrique  mortem  est  minitatus,  nisi  sibi  hortorum  possessione 
cessissent) ;  sed  ausus  est  Furfanio  dicere,  si  sibi  pecuniam, 
quantam  poposcerat,  non  dedisset,  mortuum  se  in  domum 
ejus  illaturum,  qua  invidia  huic  esset  tali  viro  conflagran- 
dum  ;  qui  Appium  fratrem,  hominem  mihi  conjunctum 
fidissima  gratia,  absentem  de  possessione  fundi  dejecit ;  qui 
paiietem  sic  per  vestibulum  sororis  instituit  ducere,  sic  agere 
fundamenta,  ut  sororem  non  modo  vestibulo  privaret,  sed 
omni  aditu  et  limine." 

XXVIII.  76.  Quamquam  haec  quidem  jam  tolerabilia 
videbantur,  etsi  aequabiliter  in  rem  publicam,  in  privatos, 
in  longinquos,  in  propinquos,  in  alienos,  in  suos  irruebat ; 
sed  nescio  quomodo  jam  usu  obduruerat,  et  percalluerat 
civitatis  incredibilis  patientia.  Quae  vero  aderant  jam,  et 
impendebant,  quonam  modo  ea  aut  depellere  potuissetis 
aut  ferre  ?  Imperium  ille  si  nactus  esset,  omitto  socios, 
exteras  nationes,  reges,  tetrarchas  ;  vota  enim  faceretis, 
ut  in  eos  se  potius  immitteret  quam  in  vestras  posses- 
sions, vestra  tecta,  vestras  pecunias ;  pecunias  dico  ?  a 
liberis,  medius  fidius,  et  a  conjugibus  vestris  nunquam 
ille  effrenatas  suas  libidines  cohibuisset.  Fingi  haec  pu- 
tatis,  quae  patent,  quae  nota  sunt  omnibus,  quae  tenen- 
4 


74  OKATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

tur  ?  servorum  exercitus  ilium  in  urbe  conscriptu  rum  f uisse, 
per  quos  tofcam  rem  publicam,  resque  privatas  omnium  pos- 
sideret  ?  77.  Quamobrem,  si  omentum  gladium  tenens 
clamaret  T.  Annius  :  u  Adeste,  quaeso,  atque  audite,  cives ; 
P.  Clodium  interfeci  ;  ejus  furores,  quos  nullis  jam  legibus, 
nullis  judiciis  frenare  poteramus,  hoc  ferro,  et  hac  dextera, 
a  cervicibus  vestris  repuli,  per  me  ut  unura  jus,  aequitas, 
leges,  libertas,  pudor,  pudicitia  in  civitate  manerent,"  esset 
vero  timendum,  quonam  modo  id  ferret  civitas  !  Nunc 
enim  quis  est,  qui  non  probet  ?  qui  non  laudet  ?  qui  non 
unum  post  hominum  memoriam  T.  Annium  plurimum  rei 
publicae  profuisse,  maxima  laetitia  populum  Eomanum, 
cunctam  Italiam,  nationes  omnes  affecisse,  et  dicat,  et  sen- 
tiat  ?  Non  queo,  Vetera  ilia  populi  Romani  gaudia  quanta 
fuerint,  judicare.  Multas  tamen  jam  summorum  impera- 
torum  clarissimas  victorias  aetas  nostra  vidit,  quarum  nulla 
neque  tarn  diuturnam  attulit  laetitiam,  nee  tantam.  78. 
Mandate  hoc  memoriae,  judices.  Spero  multa  vos,  liberos- 
que  vestros  in  re  publica  bona  esse  visuros ;  in  iis  singulis 
ita  semper  existimabitis,  vivo  P.  Clodio  nihil  eorum  vos 
visuros  f uisse.  In  spem  maximam,  et,  quemadmodum  con- 
fido,  verissimam  sumus  adducti,  hunc  ipsum  annum,  hoc 
ipso  sum  mo  viro  consule,  compressa  hominum  licentia,  cupi- 
ditatibus  fractis,  legibus  et  judiciis  constitutis,  salutarem 
civitati  fore.  Num  quis  est  igitur  tarn  demens,  qui  hoc,  P. 
Clodio  vivo,  contingere  potuisse  arbitretur  ?  Quid  ?  ea, 
quae  tenetis,  privata  atque  vestra,  dominante  homine  furioso, 
quod  jus  perpetuae  possessionis  habere  potuissent  ? 

XXIX.  Non  timeo,  judices,  ne  odio  mearum  inimicitia- 
rum  inflammatus,  libentius  haec  in  ilium  evomere  videar, 
quam  verius.  Etenim  etsi  praecipuum  esse  debebat,  tamen 
ita  communis  erat  omnium  ille  hostis,  ut  in  communi  odio 
paene  aequaliter  versaretur  odium  meum.  Non  potest  dici 
satis,  ne  cogitari  quidem,  quantum  in  illo  sceleris,  quantum 
exitii  fuerit.  79.  Quin  sic  attendite,  judices.  Nempe 
haec  est  quaestio    de    interitu  P.   Clodii.     Fingite  animis 


ORATIO    ritO    T.    AN M<>     Mll.nNK.  <5 

(liberae  sunt  enim  nostrae  cogitationcs,  et,  quae  volunt,  sic 
intuentur,  ut  ea  cemimns,  quae  videnuu),  fingite  igitur  cogi- 
tations imAgttiftiin  hujus  conditionis  mcae,  si  possim  efficero, 
ut  Milonem  absolvatis,  kc<1  it  a,  si  P.  Clodius  revixerit. 
Quid  vultu  extimuistis  f  Quonam  modo  ille  vos  vivus  affi- 
ceret,  quos  nioituux  iiiaui  cogitatione  percussit  ?  Quid?  si 
ipse  Cn.  Pompeius,  qui  ea  virtute  ac  for.tuna  est,  ut  ea  potu- 
erit  semper,  quae  nemo  praeter  ilium,  si  is,  inquam,  potuisset 
ant  quaestionem  de  morte  P.  Clodii  ferre,  aut  ipsum  ab 
inferifl  rxritare,  utrum  putatis  potius  facturum  fuisse  ? 
Etiamsi  propter  amicitiam  vellet  ilium  ab  inferis  evocare, 
propter  rem  publicam  non  fecisset.  Ejus  igitur  mortis 
tis  ultores,  cujus  vitam  si  putetis  per  vos  restitui  posse, 
nolitis,  et  de  ejus  nece  lata  quaestio  est,  qui  si  eadem  lege 
reviviscere  posset,  lata  lex  nunquam  esset.  Hujus  ergo 
interfector  si  esset,  in  confitendo  ab  iisne  poenam  timeret, 
quos  liberavisset  ?  80.  Graeci  homines  deorum  honores 
tribuunt  iis  viris,  qui  tyrannos  necaverunt.  Quae  ego  vidi 
Athenis  ?  quae  aliis  in  urbibus  Graeciae  ?  quas  res  divinas 
talibus  institutas  viris  ?  quos  cantus  ?  quae  carmina  ? 
Prope  ad  immortalitatis  et  religionem  et  memoriam  conse- 
crantur.  Vos  tanti  conservatorem  populi,  tanti  sceleris 
ultorem  non  modo  honoribus  nullis  afficietis,  sed  etiam  ad 
supplicium  rapi  patiemini?  Confiteretur,  confiteretur,  in- 
quam, si  fecisset,  et  magno  animo  et  libente,  fecisse  se  liber- 
tat  is  omnium  causa,  quod  esset  ei  non  confitendum  modo, 
verum  etiam  praedicandum. 

XXX.  81.  Etenim,  si  id  non  negat,  ex  quo  nihil  petit, 
nisi  ut  ignoscatur,  dubitaret  id  fateri,  ex  quo  etiam  praemia 
laudis  essent  petenda  ?  nisi  vero  gratius  putat  esse  vobis,  sui 
se  capitis,  quam  vestri  defensorem  fuisse ;  quum  praesertim 
in  ea  confessione,  si  grati  esse  velletis,  honores  assequeretur 
aitqtlissimos  ;  si  factum  vobis  non  probaretur  (quamquam 
qui  poterat  salus  sua  cuiquam  non  probari  ?),  sed  tamen  si 
minus  fortissimi  viri  virtus  civibus  grata  cecidisset,  magno 
animo  constantique  cederet  ex  ingi-ata  civitate.     Nam  quid 


76  ORATIO   PRO   T.   ANNIO   MILONE. 

esset  ingratius,  quam  laetari  ceteros,  lugere  cum  solum, 
propter  quom  ceteri  laetarentur  ?  82.  Quamquam  hoc  animo 
semper  onmes  fuinms  in  patriae  proditoribus  opprimendis, 
ut,  quoniam  nostra  futura  esset  gloria,  periculum  quoque  et 
invidiam  nostram  putaremus.  Nam  quae  mihi  ipsi  tribuenda 
laus  esset,  quum  tantumin  consulatu  meo  pro  vobis  ac  liberis 
vestris  ausus  essem,  si  id,  quum  conabar,  sine  maximis  dimi- 
cationibus  meis  me  esse  ausurum  arbitrarer  ?  Quae  mulier 
seeleratum  ac  perniciosum  civem  occidere  non  auderet,  si 
periculum  non  timeret  ?  Proposita  invidia,  morte,  poena, 
qui  nihilo  segnius  rem  publicam  defendit,  is  vir  vere  putandus 
est.  Populi  grati  est,  praemiis  afficere  bene  meritos  de  re 
publica  cives,  viri  fortis,  ne  suppliciis  quidem  moveri,  ut 
fortiter  fecisse  poeniteat.  83.  Quamobrem  uteretur  eadem 
confessione  T.  Annius,  qua  Ahala,  qua  Nasica,  qua  Opimius, 
qua  Marius,  qua  nosmet  ipsi,  et,  si  grata  res  publica  esset, 
laetaretur,  si  ingrata,  tamen  in  gravi  fortuna  conscientia  sua 
niteretur. 

Sed  hujus  beneficii  gratiam,  judices,  fortuna  populi 
Roniani,  et  vestra  felicitas,  et  dii  immortales  sibi  deberi 
putant.  Nee  vero  quisquam  aliter  arbitrari  potest,  nisi  qui 
nullam  vim  esse  ducit,  numenve  divinum,  quern  neque 
imperii  nostri  magnitudo,  neque  sol  ille,  nee  coeli  signorum- 
que  motus,  nee  vicissitudines  rerum  atque  ordines  movent, 
neque,  id  quod  maximum  est,  majorum  sapientia,  qui  sacra, 
qui  caerimonias,  qui  auspicia  et  ipsi  sanctissime  coluerunt, 
et  nobis,  suis  posteris,  prodiderunt. 

XXXI.  84.  Est,  est  profecto  ilia  vis,  neque  in  his  cor- 
poribus,  atque  in  hac  imbecillitate  nostra  inest  quiddam,  quod 
vigeat  et  sentiat,  et  non  inest  in  hoc  tanto  naturae  tarn  prae- 
claro  motu.  Nisi  forte  idcirco  non  putant,  quia  non  appa- 
ret,  nee  cemitur ;  proinde  quasi  nostram  ipsam  mentem,  qua 
sapimus,  qua  providemus,  qua  haec  ipsa  agimus  ac  dicimus, 
videre  aut  plane,  qualis  aut  ubi  sit,  sentire  possimus.  Ea 
vis  igitur  ipsa,  quae  saepe  incredibiles  huic  urbi  felicitates 
atque  opes  attulit,  illam  perniciem  exstinxit  ac  sustulit,  cui 


ORATTO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MTLONE.  77 

primum  mentem  injirit,  ut  vi  irritare,  ferroque  lacessere 
fort issiinum  viiuun  aiuleret,  vincereturque  ab  eo,  quern  si 
vicissefc,  habit  urus  asset  impunitatem  et  licentiam  seinpiter- 
nam.  85.  Non  est  humano  consilio,  ne  mediocvi  quidexn, 
judices,  deorum  uxunortalium  cura  res  ilia  perfects.  Reli- 
giones  mehercule  ipsae,  quae  illam  belluam  cadere  viderunt, 
commovisse  se  videntur,  et  jus  in  illo  swum  retinuisse.  Vos 
enim  jam,  Albani  tumuli  atque  luci,  vos,  inquam,  imploro 
atque  testor,  vosque  Albanorum  obrutae  arae,  sacrorum 
popuK  Romani  sociae  et  aequales,  quas  ille,  praeceps  amen- 
tia, caesis  prostratisque  sanctissimis  lucis,  substructionum 
insanis  molibus  oppresserat ;  vestrae  turn,  arae,  vestrae  reli- 
giones  viguerunt,  vestra  vis  valuit,  quam  ille  omni  scelere 
polluerat,  tuque  ex  tuo  edito  monte,  Latiaris  sancte  Jupiter, 
cujus  ille  lacus,  nemora,  fmesque  saepe  omni  nefario  stupro 
et  scelere  macularat,  aliquando  ad  eum  puniendum  oculos 
aperuisti ;  vobis  illae,  vobis  vestro  in  conspectu  serae,  sed 
justae  tamen,  et  debitae  poenae  solutae  sunt.  86.  Nisi  forte 
hoc  etiam  casu  factum  esse  dicemus,  ut  ante  ipsum  sacrarium 
Bonae  Deae,  quod  est  in  fundo  T.  Sestii  Galli,  in  primis 
honesti  et  ornati  adolescentis,  ante  ipsam,  inquam,  Bonam 
Deam,  quum  proelium  commisisset,  primum  illud  -vulnus 
acciperet,  quo  teterrimam  mortem  obiret,  ut  non  absolutus 
judicio  illo  nefario  videretur,  sed  ad  hanc  insignem  poenam 
reservatus. 

XXXII.  Nee  vero  non  eademira  deorum  banc  ejus  satel- 
litibus  injecit  amentiam,  ut  sine  imaginibus,  sine  cantu 
atque  ludis,  sina  exsequiis,  sine  lamentis,  sine  laudationibus, 
sine  funere,  oblitus  cruore  et  luto,  spoliatus  illius  supremi 
diei  celebritate,  cui  cedere  etiam  inimici  solent,  ambureretur 
abjectus.  Non  fuisse  credo  fas,  clarissimorum  virorum  for- 
mas  illi  teterrimo  parricidae  aliquid  decoris  afFerre,  neque 
ullo  in  loco  potius  mortem  ejus  lacerari,  quam  in  quo  esset 
vita  damnata. 

87.  Dura,  medius  fidius,  mihi  jam  fortuna  populi  Romani 
et  crudelis  videbatur,  quae  tot  annos  ilium  in  hanc  rem  pub- 


78  OEATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

licam  insultare  pateretur.  Polluerat  stupro  sanctissimas  re- 
ligiones,  senatus  gravissima  decreta  perfregerat,  pecunia  se  a 
judicibns  palam  redemerat,  vexarat  in  tribunatu  senatum, 
omnium  ordinum  consensu  pro  salute  rei  publicae  gesta  res- 
ciderat,  me  patria  expulerat,  bona  diripuerat,  domum  in- 
cenderat,  liberos,  conjugem  meam  vexarat,  Cn.  Pompeio  ne- 
farium  bellum  indixerat,  magistratuum  privatorumque  caedes 
efFecerat,  domum  mei  fratris  incenderat,  vastarat  Etruriam, 
multos  sedibus  ac  fortunis  ejecerat ;  instabat,  urgebat ;  ca- 
pere  ejus  amentiam  civitas,  Italia,  provinciae,  regna  non 
poterant;  incidebantur  jam  domi  leges,  quae  nos  servis  nos- 
tris  addicerent;  nihil  erat  eujusquam,  quod  quidem  ille  ada- 
masset,  quod  non  hoc  anno  suum  fore  putaret.  88.  Obsta- 
bat  ejus  cogitationibus  nemo,  praeter  Milonem.  Ilium  ip- 
sum,  qui  poterat  obstare,  novo  reditu  in  gratiam  quasi  de- 
vinctum  arbitrabatur  ;  Caesaris  potentiam  suam  esse  dice- 
bat  ;  bonorum  animos  in  meo  casu  contempserat ;  Milo  unus 
urgebat. 

XXXIII.  Hie  dii  immortales,  ut  supra  dixi,  mentem 
illi  perdito  ac  furioso  dederunt,  ut  huic  faceret  insidias. 
Aliter  perire  pestis  ilia  non  potuit ;  nunquam  ilium  res  pub- 
lica  suo  jure  esset  ulta.  Senatus,  credo,  praetorem  eum 
circumscripsisset.  Ne  quum  solebat  quidem  id  facere,  in 
privato  eodem  hoc  aliquid  profecerat.  89.  An  consules  in 
praetore  coercendo  fortes  fuissent  ?  Primum,  Milone  occiso, 
habuisset  suos  consules  ;  deinde  quis  in  eo  praetore  consul 
fortis  esset,  per  quern  tribunum  virtutem  consularem  crude- 
lissime  vexatam  esse  meminisset  ?  Oppressisset  omnia,  possi- 
deret,  teneret ;  lege  nova,  quae  est  inventa  apud  eum  cum 
reliquis  legibus  Clodianis,  servos  nostros  libertos  suos  fecis- 
set.  Postremo,  nisi  eum  dii  immortales  in  earn  mentem  im- 
pulissent,  ut  homo  efFeminatus  fortissimum  virum  conaretur 
occidere,  hodie  rem  publicam  nullam  haberetis.  90.  An  ille 
praetor,  ille  vero  consul,  si  modo  haec  templa  atque  ipsa 
moenia  stare  eo  vivo  tamdiu,  et  consulatum  ejus  exspectare 
potuissent,  ille  denique  vivus  mali  nihil   fecisset,  qui  mor- 


ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONH.  79 

inns,  iino  ex  suis  satcllitibus  Sex.  Clodio  duce,  curiam  iiuvn- 
(Iciit?  Quo  quid  miseriua,  quid  acerbius,  quid  luctuosius 
vidimus?  Templum  sanctitatis,  ampUtudinis,  mentis,  consilii 
publid,  caput  urbis,  aram  Bodorum,  portum  onmiumgentium, 
Bedem  ab  universo  populo  oonoeesam  uni  ordini,  innammari, 
exscindi,  funestari?  neque  id  fieri  a  multitudine  unperita, 
quamquam  asset  miaenum  id  Spawn,  Bed  ab  uno?  Qui  quum 
tantum  ausus  sit  ustor  pro  mortuo,  quid  signifer  pro  vivo 
lion  esset  ausus?  In  curiam  potissimum  abjecit,  ut  earn  mor- 
tuus  incenderet,  quam  vivus  everterat.  91.  Et  sunt,  qui  de 
via  Appia  querantur,  taceant  de  curia  ?  et  qui  ab  eo  spirante 
forum  putent  potuisse  defendi,  cujus  non  restiterit  cadaveii 
curia?  Excitate,  excitate  ipsum,  si  potestis,  a  mortuis. 
Frangetifl  impetum  vivi,  cujus  vix  sustinetis  furias  insepul- 
ti?  Nisi  vero  sustinuistis  eos,  qui  cum  facibus  ad  curiam 
concurrerunt,  cum  falcibus  ad  Castoris,  cum  gladiis  toto  foro 
volitarunt.  Caedi  vidistis  populum  Romanum,  concionem 
gladiis  disturbari,  quum  audiretur  silentio  M.  Coelius,  tii- 
bunus  plebis,  vir  et  in  re  publica  fortissimus,  et  in  suscepta 
causa  firmissimus,  et  bonorum  voluntati  et  auctoritati  sena- 
tus  deditus,  et  in  hac  Milonis  sive  invidia,  sive  fortuna  sin- 
gulari,  diviua  et  incredibili  fide. 

XXXIV.  92.  Sed  jam  satis  multa  de  causa ;  extra  causam 
etiam  nimis  fortasse  multa.  Quid  restat,  nisi  ut  orem  ob- 
testerque  vos,  judices,  ut  earn  misericordiam  tribuatis  fortis- 
simo viro,  quam  ipse  non  implorat,  ego,  etiam  repugnante 
hoc,  et  imploro  et  exposco  ?  Nolite,  si,  in  nostra  omnium 
fletu,  nullam  lacrimam  adspexistis  Milonis,  si  vultum  semper 
eundem,  si  vocem,  si  orationem  stabilem  ac  non  mutatam 
videtis,  hoc  minus  ei  parcere.  Haud  scio,  an  multo  etiam 
sit  adjuvandus  magis.  Etenim  si  in  gladiatoriis  pugnis,  et 
in  infimi  generis  hominum  conditione  atque  fortuna,  timidos 
atque  supplices,  et  ut  vivere  liceat  obsecrantes,  etiam  odisse 
solemus,  fortes  et  animosos,  et  se  acriter  ipsos  morti  offer- 
entes,  servare  cupimus ;  eorumque  nos  magis  miseret,  qui 
nostrum  misericordiam  non  requirunt,  quam  qui  illam  effla- 


80  ORA.TIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

gitant,  quanto  hoc  magis  in  fortissimis  civibus  facere  debe- 
mus?  ,93.  Me  quidem,  judices,  exaniinant,  et  interimunt 
hae  voces  Milonis,  quas  audio  assidue,  et  quibus  intersum 
quotidie.  "Valeant,  inquit,  valeant  cives  mei;  sint  incol- 
umes,  sint  florentes,  sint  beati;  stet  haec  urbs  praeclara 
mihique  patria  carissima,  quoquo  modo  erit  merita  de  me ; 
tranquilla  re  publica  mei  cives  (quoniam  mihi  cum  illis  non 
licet)  sine  me  ipsi,  sed  per  me  tamen,  perfruantur;  ego 
cedam  atque  abibo ;  si  mihi  bona  re  publica  frui  non  licuerit, 
at  carebo  mala,  et  quam  primam  tetigero  bene  moratam  et 
liberam  civitatem,  in  ea  conquiescam.  94.  O  frustra,  in- 
quit,  mei  suscepti  labores  !  O  spes  fallaces  !  O  cogitationes 
inanes  meae !  Ego,  quum  tribunus  plebis,  re  publica  op- 
pressa,  me  senatui  dedissem,  quern  exstinctum  acceperam, 
equitibus  Romanis,  quorum  vires  erant  debiles,  bonis  viris, 
qui  omnem  auctoritatem  Clodianis  arniis  abjecerant,  mihi 
unquam  bonorum  praesidium  defuturum  putarem  ?  ego, 
quum  te  (mecum  enim  saepissime  loquitur)  patriae  reddidis- 
sem,  mihi  putarem  in  patria  non  futurum  locum  ?  Ubi  nunc 
senatus  est,  quern  secuti  sumus  ?  ubi  equites  Komani  illi,  illi, 
inquit,  tui  ?  ubi  studia  municipiorum  ?  ubi  Italiae  voces  ? 
ubi  denique  tua  ilia,  M.  Tulli,  quae  plurimis  fuit  auxilio,  vox 
atque  defensio  ?  mihine  ea  soli,  qui  pro  te  toties  morti  me 
obtuli,  nihil  potest  opitulari  ?  " 

XXXY.  95.  Nee  vero  haec,  judices,  ut  ego  nunc,  flens, 
sed  hoc  eodem  loquitur  vultu,  quo  videtis.  Negat  enim  se, 
negat,  ingratis  civibus  fecisse,  quae  fecerit ;  timidis  et  omnia 
pericula  circumspicientibus,  non  negat.  Plebem  et  infimam 
multitudinem,  quae,  P.  Clodio  duce,  fortunis  vestris  immi- 
nebat,  earn,  quo  tutior  esset  vestra  vita,  se  fecisse  commem- 
orat,  ut  non  modo  virtute  flecteret,  sed  etiam  tribus  suis 
patrimoniis  deleniret ;  nee  timet,  ne,  quum  plebem  muneribus 
placarit,  vos  non  conciliarit  meritis  in  rem  publicam  singu- 
b  laribus.  Senatus  erga  se  benevolentiam  temporibus  his  ipsis 
saepe  esse  perspectam,  vestras  vero  et  vestrorum  ordinum 
occursationes,  studia,  sermones,  quemcunque  cursum  fortuna 


ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONK.  81 

dederit,  aecum  se  ablaturum  esse  dicit.     9G.  Meminit  etiam, 

vocem  sibi  praeconis  modo  defuisse,  quani  minimfl  drsidc- 

rarit,  populi  \ fit)  cunctis  suifragiis,  quod  unum  cupierit,  se 

consulem  declaratum ;  nunc  denique,  si  haec  contra  se  nut 

i'utura,  sibi  facinoris  suspicionem,  non  facti  crimen  obstaiv. 

Addit  haec,  quae  certe  vera  sunt,  fortes  et  sapientes  virus 

non  tarn  praemia  sequi  solere  recte  factoruin,  quam  ipsa 

recte  facta;  se  nihil  in  vita  nisi  praeclarissime  fecissc,  si 

quidem  nihil   sit  praestabilius  viro,  quam  periculis  patriam 

liberare ;  beatos  esse,  quibus  ea  res  honori  fuerit  a  suis  civi- 

bus,  97.  nee  tamen  eos  miseros,  qui  beneficio  cives  suos 

vicerint ;  sed  tamen  ex  omnibus  praemiis  virtoitis,  si  esset 

habenda    ratio    praemiorum,   amplissimum    esse    praemium 

gloriam ;  esse  hanc  unam,  quae  brevitatem  vitae  posteritatis 

memoria  consolaretur,  quae  efficeret,  ut  absentes  adessemus, 

mortui  viveremus;  hanc  denique  esse,  cujus  gradibus  etiam 

in  coelum  homines   viderentur  ascendere.     1)8.     "  De  me, 

inquit,    semper   populus    Romanus,    semper    omnes    gentes 

loquentur,  nulla  unquam  obmutescet  vetustas.     Quin  hoc 

tempore  ipso,  quum  omnes  a  meis  inimicis  faces  invidiae 

meae  subjiciantur,   tamen  omni  in  hominum  coetu  gratiis 

agendis,  et  gratulationibus  habendis,  et  omni  sermone  cele- 

bramur.     Omitto  Etruriae  festos  et  actos  et  institutos  dies ; 

centesima  lux  est  haec  ab  interitu  P.  Clodii  et,  opinor,  altera ; 

qua  fines  imperii  populi   Roinani  sunt,  ea  non  solum  fama 

jam  de  illo,  sed  etiam  laetitia  peragravit.     Quamobrem,  obi 

corpus  hoc  sit,  non,  inquit,  laboro,  quoniam  omnibus  in  terris 

et  jam  versatur,  et  semper  habitabit  nominis  mei  gloria." 

XXXYI.     99.  Haec  tu  mecum  saepe,   his  absentibus; 

sed  iisdem  audientibus  haec  ego  tecum,  Milo :  te  quidem, 

quum  isto  animo  es,  satis  laudare  non  possum ;  sed,  quo  est 

ista  magis  divina  virtus,  eo  majore   a  te  dolore   divellor. 

Nee  vero,  si  mihi  eriperis,  reliqua  est  ilia  tamen  ad  conso- 

landum  querela,  ut  his  irasci  possim,  a  quibus  tantum  vulnus 

accepero.     Non  enim  inimici  mei  te  mihi  eripient,  sed  ami 

cissiini,  non  me  aliquando  de  me  meriti,  sed  semper  optime. 
4* 


82  ORATIO    PEO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

Nullum  mihi  unquam,  judices,  tantum  dolorem  inuretis  (etsi 
quis  potest  esse  tantus  ?),  sed  ne  hunc  quidem  ipsum,  ut 
obliviscar,  quanti  me  semper  feceritis.  Quae  si  vos  eepit 
oblivio,  aut  si  in  me  aliquid  offendistis,  cur  non  id  meo  capite 
potius  luitur,  quam  Milonis  ?  Praeclare  enim  vixero,  si 
quid  mihi  acciderit  prius,  quam  hoc  tantum  mali  videro. 
100.  Nunc  me  una  consolatio  sustentat,  quod  tibi,  T.  Anni, 
nullum  a  me  amoris,  nullum  studii,  nullum  pietatis  omcium 
defuit.  Ego  inimicitias  potentium  pro  te  appetivi,  ego 
meum  saepe  corpus  et  vitam  objeci  armis  inimicorum  tuorum, 
ego  me  plurimis  pro  te  supplicem  abjeci,  bona,  fortunas 
meas  ac  liberorum  meorum,  in  communionem  tuorum  tem- 
porum  contuli ;  hoc  denique  ipso  die,  si  qua  vis  est  parata, 
si  qua  dimicatio  capitis  futura,  deposco.  Quid  jam  restat? 
quid  habeo,  quod  faciam  pro  tuis  in  me  meritis,  nisi  ut  earn 
fortunam,  quaecunque  erit  tua,  ducam  meam?  Non  abnuo, 
non  recuso,  vosque  obsecro,  judices,  ut  vestra  beneficia,  quae 
in  me  contulistis,  aut  in  hujus  salute  augeatis,  aut  in  ejus- 
dein  exitio  occasura  esse  videatis. 

XXXVII.  101.  His  lacrimis  non  movetur  Milo.  Est 
quodam  "incredibili  robore  animi  ;  exsilium  ibi  esse  putat, 
ubi  virtuti  non  sit  locus ;  mortem  naturae  finem  es^se,  non 
poenam.  Sed  hie  ea  mente,  qua  natus  est;  quid  vos,  judices? 
quo  tandem  animo  eritis  ?  Memoriam  Milonis  retinebitis, 
ipsum  ejicietis?  et  erit  dignior  locus  ullus  in  terris,  qui  hanc 
virtutem  excipiat,  quam  hie,  qui  procreavit  ?  Yos,  vos  ap- 
pello,  fortissimi  viri,  qui  multum  pro  re  publica  sanguinem 
efFudistis ;  vos  in  viri  et  in  civis  invicti  periculo  appello, 
centuriones,  vosque,  milites  ;  vobis  non  modo  inspectantibus, 
sed  etiam  armatis,  et  huic  judicio  praesidentibus,  haec  tanta 
virtus  ex  hac  urbe  expelletur,  exterminabitur,  projicietur? 
102.  O  me  miserum,  O  me  infelicem !  Revocare  tu  me  in 
patriam,  Milo,  potuisti  per  hos,  ego  te  in  patria  per  eosdem 
retinere  non  potero  ?  Quid  respondebo  liberis  meis,  qui  te 
parentem  alterum  putant  ?  quid  tibi,  Quinte  frater,  qui  nunc 
abes,  consorti  mecum  temporum  illorum?  mene  non  potuisse 


ORATIO    TRO    T.    ANNIO    MII.ONK.  S3 

Milonis  salutcni  tueri  per  oosdem,  per  quos  uostram  ille  aer- 
vassee?  At  in  qua  causa  non  potuiase?  quae  est  grata 
gentibu8.  A  quibua  non  potuisae?  ab  iis,  qui  maxims  P. 
Olodii  morte  aoquierunt ;  quo  deprecante?  me.  103.  Quod- 
nam  ego  concepi  tantum  Boelus,  aut  quod  in  me  tantuni 
farinus  admisi,  indices,  quum  ilia  indicia  communis  cxiiii 
indagavi,  patefeci,  protuli,  exstinxi?  Omnes  in  me  meosque 
redundant  ex  fonte  illo  dolores.  Quid  me  reducem  esse 
voluistis  ?  an  ut,  inspectante  me,  expellerentur  ii,  per  quos 
essem  restitutus?  Nolite,  obsecro  vos,  acerbiorem  mihi  pati 
reditum  esse,  quam  fuerit  ille  ipse  discessus.  Nam  qui 
possum  putare  me.restitutum  esse,  si  distrahar  ab  iis,  per 
quos  restitutus  sum? 

XXXVIII.  Utinam  dii  immortales  fecissent  (pace  tua, 
patria,  dixerim  ;  metuo  enim,  ne  scelerate  dicam  in  te,  quod 
pro  Milone  dicam  pie),  utinam  P.  Clodius  non  modo  viveret, 
sed  etiam  praetor,  consul,  dictator  esset  potius,  quam  hoc 
spectaculum  viderem  !  104.  O  dii  immortales  !  fortem,  et 
a  vobis,  judices,  conservandum  virum  !  "  Minime,  minime, 
inquit.  Immo  vero  poenas  ille  debitas  luerit ;  nos  subea- 
mus,  si  ita  necesse  est,  non  debitas."  Hiccine  vir  patriae 
natus,  usquam  nisi  in  pajtria  morietur,  aut,  si  forte,  pro 
patria?  hujus  vos  animi.  monumenta  retinebitis,  corporis 
in  Italia  nullum  sepulcrum  esse  patiemini  ?  hunc  sua  quis- 
quam  sententia  ex  hac  urbe  expellet,  quern  omnes  urbes 
expulsum  a  vobis  ad  se  vocabunt  ?  105.  O  terrain  illam 
beatam,  quae  hunc  virum  exceperit ;  hanc  ingratam,  si 
ejecerit,  miseram,  si  amiserit !  Sed  finis  sit.  Neque  enim 
prae  lacrimis  jam  loqui  possum,  et  hie  se  lacrimis  defendi 
vetat.  Vos  oro  obtestorque,  judices,  ut  in  sententiis  feren- 
dis,  quod  sentietis,  id  audeatis.  Vestram  virtutem,  justi- 
tiam,  fidem,  mihi  credite,  is  maxime  probabit,  qui,  in  judici- 
bus  legendis,  optimum,  et  sapientissimum,  et  fortissimum 
quemque  delegit. 


PRO 

A.    LIOINIO    ARCHIA 

POETA. 
OEATIO. 


I.  1.  Si  quid  est  in  me  ingenii,  judices,  quod  sentio 
quam  sit  exiguum,  aut  si  qua  exercitatio  dicendi,  in  qua  me" 
non  infitior  mediocriter  esse  versatum,  aut  si  hujusce  rei 
ratio  aliqua,  ab  optiinarum  artium  studiis  ac  disciplma  pro- 
fecta,  a  qua  ego  nullum  coniiteor  aeta'tis  meae  tempus 
abhorruisse  :<  earum  rerum  omnium  vel  in  primis  hie  A^iaAa. 
Licinius  fructum  a  me  repetere  prope  buo  jure"  debet.  Nam 
quoad  loiigissime  potest  mens  mea  respicere  spatium  prae- 
teriti  temporis,  et  pueritiae  memoriam  recordarf  ultimam, 
inde  usque  repctens,  hunc  video  mihi  prTncipem,  et  ad  sus- 
cipiendam,  et  ad  ingrcdiendam  rationem  horum  studiorum 
exstitisse.  Quod  si  haec  vox,  hujus  hortatu  praeceptisque 
conformata,  nonnulis  aliquando  saluti  fuit ;  a  quo  id  acec3pi- 
mus,  quo  ceteris  opitulari  et  alios  servare  possemus,  lmic 
profecto  ipsi,  quantum  est  situm  in  nobis,  ot  opem  et  salu- 
tem  ferre  debemus.  2.  Ac,  ne  quis  a  nobis  hoc  ita  dici 
forte  miretur,  quod  alia  qua'edam  in  hoc  facultas  sit  ingenii, 
neque  haec  dicendi  ratio*  aut  disciplma,  ne  nos  quiclem  huic 
uui  studio  penitus  unquam  dediti  fuimus.  Etenim  omnes 
artes,  quae  ad  humanitatem  pertinent,  Eabent  quoddam 
commune  vinculum,  et  quasi  cognatione  quadam  inter  se 
continentur. 


ORATIO    PRO    A.    LICINIO    ARCIIIA.  85 

II.  3.  Sed  ne  cui  vestrum  minim  esse  videatur,  mo  in 
quaestiono  legitima,  et  in  judicio  publico,  quum  res  agatur 
apud  praetorem  populi  K;»niani,cectis.siinum  viium,  et  apud 
severTssimos  judices,  lanto  conventu  hominumao  frequentia, 
hoc  uti  genere  dicendi,  quod  non  modo  a  consuetudine  judi- 
cioruin,  verum  etiam  a  forenm  Berlnonfi  abhorreatj  quaeso 
a  vobis,  ut  in  hac  causa  milii  detis  banc  veiiiam,  accommo- 
datani  lnuc  reo^yobis,  quemadmodum  spero^  n<Jn  molestani ; 
nt  me  pro  summo  jioeta  atque  eruditissimo  homine  dicen- 
tem,  hoc  concursu  hominum  literalissimorum,  hac  vestra 
liuinaiiitate,  hoc  denique  praetore  exercente  judicium,  patia- 
mini  de  studiis  humanitatis  ac  literarum  paulo  loqui  liberius, 
et  in  ejusmodi  persona,  quae  propter  otium  ac  studium, 
minime  in  judiciis  periculisque  tractata  est,  uti~prope  novo 
quodam  et  inusitato  genere  dicendi.  4.  Quod  si  mihi  a 
vobis"tribuT  concedique  sentiam,  perficiam  profecto^  ut  hunc 
A.  Licinium  non  modo  non  segregandum,  quum  sit  civis,  a 
nuniero  civium,  verum  etiam,  si  non  esset,  putetis  adscis- 

^cendum. 

III.  Nam  ut  primum  ex  pueris  excessit  Archias,  atque  ab 
iis  artibus,  quibus  aetas  puerilis  ad  humanitatem  informari 
solet,  se  ad  scribendi  studium  contulit ;  primum  Antiocbiac 
(nam  ibi  natus  est  loco  nobili),  celebri  quondam  urbe  et 
copiosa,  atque  eruditissimis  hominibus  liberalissimisque 
studiis  affluenti,  celeriter  antecellere  omnibus  ingenii  gloria 
contigit.  Post  in  ceteris  Asiae  partibus  cunctaque  Graecia 
sic  ejus  adventus  celebrabantur,  ut  famam  ingenii  exspectatio 
hominis,  exspectationera  ipsius  adventus  admiratioque 
superaret.  5.  Erat  Italia  tunc  plena  Graecarum  artium  ac 
disciplinarum,  studiaque  haec  et  in  Latio  vehementius  turn 
colebantur  quam  nunc  iisdem  in  oppidis ;  et  hie  Ronuie, 
propter  tranquillitatem  rei  publicae,  non  negligebantur. 
Itaque  hunc  et  Tarentini  et  Rhegini  et  Neapolitani  civitate 
ceterisque  praemiis  donarunt ;  et  omnes,  qui  aliquid  de 
ingeniis  poterant  judicare,  cognitione  atque  hospitio  dignum 
exisi  imarunt.  /  Hac  tanta  celebritate  famae  quum  esset  jam 


8(3  ORATIO   PRO   A.    LICINIO    ARCIIIA. 

absentibus  notus,  Komam  venit,  Mario  consule  et  Catulo. 
Nactus  est  primum  consules  eos,  quorum  alter  res  ad  scriben- 
dum  maximas,  alter  quum  res  gestas,  turn  etiam  studium 
atque  aures  adhibere  posset.  Statim  Luculli,  quum  prae- 
textatus  etiam  turn  Archias  esset,  eum  domum  suam 
receperunt.  f  Sed  enim  hoc  non  solum  ingenii  ac  literarum, 
verum  etiam  naturae  atque  virtutis,  ut  domus,  quae  hujus 
adolescentiae  prima  fuerit,  eadem  esset  familiarissima  senec- 
tuti.  6.  Erat  temporibus  illis  jucundus  Metello,  illi 
Numidico,  et  ejus  Pio  filio ;  audiebatur  a  M.  Aemilio ; 
vivebat  cum  Q.  Catulo,  et  patre  et  filio ;  a  L.  Crasso 
colebatur ;  Lucullos  vero,  et  Drusum,  et  Octavios,  et  Cato- 
uem,  et  totam  Hortensiorum  domum,  devinctam  consuetu- 
dine  quum  teriEret,  amciebatur  summo  honore,  quod  eum 
non  solum  colebant,  qui  aliquid  percipere  atque  audire 
studebant,  verum  etiam,  si  qui  forte  simulabant. 

IV.  Interim  satis  long'o  mtervallO,  quum  esset  cum  L, 
LiTcullo  in  Siciliam  profectus,  et  quum  ex  ea  provincia  cum 
eodem  Lucullo  decederet,  Venit  HeYaciTam.  Quae  quum^*^* 
esset  civitas  aequlssimo  jure  ac  foedore,  adscrlbi  se  in  earn 
ctvitatem  voluit :  idque,  quum  ipse  per  Se  dignus  putaretur, 
turn  auct~ritate  et  gratia  Lilculli,  ab  HEraettensibus  Tmpe- 
travit  7.  Data  est  cl  vita's  f^ilvani  lege  et  Carbonis,  Si  qui 
foederatis  civitatibus  adscriptI  fuissent,  si  tum,  quum 
ifex  ferebatur,  IN  ITALIA  domioilium  habuissent,  et,  si 

SEXAGINTA     DIEBUS     APUD    PRAETOREM    ESSENT    PRt>FESSI.       8. 

Quum  hlc  dbmicilium  Komae  multos  jam  anno*s  haberet,  pro- 
fessus  est  apud  praetorem,  Q.  Metellum,  familiarissimum 
suum.  Si  nihil  aliud  nisi  de  civitate  ac  lege  dlcimus,  nihil 
cfico'amplius  :  causa  dicta  est.  Quid  enim  horum  infirniari, 
GrafT,  potest  ?  Heracliaene  esse  tum  adscriptum  negabis  ? 
Adest  vir  sTimma  auctbritate  et  religione  et  fide,  L.  Lucullus, 
qui  se  non  opinari,  sed  scire,  non  audivisse,  sed  vldisse,  non 
interfuisse,  sed  *egisse  dibit.  Adsunt  Heraclienses  legatf, 
nobilissimi  homines :  hujus  judicii  causa  cum  mandatis  et 
cum    publico   testimonio*  venerunt,    qui   hunc   adscriptum 


OKATIO    PBO    A.    UCINIO    ARCIIIA.  87 

UeraolionstMn  dieunt.       Hie  t n   tabulas  dosidnas    1  Irnu'ltcii- 
sium  piddioas,  quas  Italico  bello",  incenso  tabulario,  tht< 
sotinus  mime's.      Est  rldienlnni  ad  ea,   quae   hahomus,    nihil 

dloerej  quaerere,  quae  habere  hod  possumus;  etdeliominnm 
memnria  taeere,  literarum  memoriam  ilagitare  ;  et,  quum 
habeas  amplissimi  virT  religionem,  liitegeirimf  mimmipiTjus- 
jttraiidum  fidemque,  ea,  quae  depravari  nullo  mGdo  possunt, 
repudiare;  tabulas,  quasldem  dleis  solere  corrumpi,  dtside- 
rare.  9.  An  domicilium  lloinae  non  habuit  ?  qui  tol  aimis, 
ante  civitatem  datam,  sedcm  "omnium  llrura  ac  fortuiiarum 
suarum  Roniae  collocavit  ?  An  n6n  est  professus  ?  Imrno 
vertf  ifs  tabulis  professus,    quae    solae    ex    ilia    professions 

Acolle'gioq^     praetOrum     obtinent     ptlblicarum    tabuIStrum 

J)  auctoritatem. 

"  V.  Nam  quum  Appii  tabulae  negligentius  asservatae  di- 
ce ientm-,/Gabinii,  qitamdiu  incolumis  fuit,  levitas,  post  dam- 
nationem  calamitas,  omnem  tabularum  tidem  resigna.sset ;  \ 
JSJ^tellus^  homo  sanctissimus  modestissimusque  omnium,  tan- 
ta  diligentia  fuit,  ut  ad  L.  Lentulum  praetorem  et  ad  judices 
venerit  et  unius  nominis  litura  se  commotum  esse  dixerit. 
His  igitur  tabulis  nullam  lituram  in  nomine  A.  Liciuii  vide- 
tis.  ^10.  Quae  quum  ita  sint,  quid  est,  quod  de  ejus  civitate 
dul lit  'tis,  praesertim  quum  aliis  quoque  in  civitatibus  fuerit 
adscriptus?  Etenim  quum  mediocribus  multis,  et  aut  nulla, 
aut  humili  aliqua  arte  praeditis,  gratutto  civitatem  in  Grae- 
cia  homines  impertiebant,  RhegTnos  credo,  aut  Locrenses, 
aut  Neapolitanos,  aut  Tarentinos,  quod  scenicis  artificibus 
largiri  solebant,  id  huic,  summa  ingenii  praedito,  gloria  no- 
luisse.  Quid  ?  quum  ceterL  non  modo  post  civitatem  datam, 
sed  etiam  post  legem  Papiam,  aliquo  modo  in  eorum  munici- 
piorum  tabulas  irrepserint,  hie,  qui  ne  utitur  quidem  illis,  in 
quibus  est  scriptus,  quod  semper  se  Heracliensem  esse  voluit, 
rejicietur/?'  11.  Census  nostros  requiris.  Scilicet:  est  enim 
obscurnm,  proximis  censoribus,  hunc  cum  clarissimo  impera- 
tore,  L.  Lucullo,  apud  exercitum  fuisse,  superioribus,  cum 
eode.n  quaestore  fuisse  in  Asia,  primis,  Julio  et  Crasso,  nul- 


88  ORATIO   PRO   A.    LICINIO   ARCHIA. 

Iain  populi  partem  esse  censam.  Sed,  quoniam  census  non 
jus  civitatis  connrmat,  ac  tantummodo  indicat,  eum,  qui  sit 
census,  ita  se  jam  turn  gessisse  pro  cive :  iis  temporibus, 
quern  tu  crim  maris  ne  ipsius  quidem  judicio  in  civium  Ro- 
manorum  jure  esse  versatum,  et  testamentum  saepe  fecit  nos- 
tris  legibus,  et  adiit  hereditates  civium  Romanorum,  et  in 
beneficiis  ad  aerarium  delatus  est  a  L.  Lucullo  proconsule. 

VI.  Quaere  argunienta,  si  quae  potes.  Nunquam  enim 
hie  neque  suo,  neque  amicorum  judicio  revincetur. 

12.  Quaeres  a  nobis,  Grati,  cur  tantopere  hoc  homine  de- 
lectemur.  Quia  suppeditat  nobis,  ubi  et  animus  ex  hoc 
forensi  strepitu  reficiatur,  et  aures  convicio  defessae  conquies- 
cant.  An  tu  existimas  aut  suppeter^  nobis  posse,  quod 
quotidie  dicamus,  in  tanta  varietate  rerum,  nisi  animos  nos- 
tros  doctrina  excolamus ;  aut  ferre  animos  tantam  posse  con- 
tentionem,  nisi  eos  doctrina  eadem  relaxemus  ?  Ego  vero 
fateor,  me  his  studiis  esse  deditum.  Ceteros  pudeat,  si  qui 
se  ita  Uteris  abdiderunt,  ut  nihil  possint  ex  iis  neque  ad 
communem  afferre  fructum,  neque  in  adspectum  lucemque 
proferre.  Me  autem  quid  pudeat,  qui  tot  annos  ita  vivo, 
judices,  ut  a  nullius  unquam  me  tempore  aut  commodo  aut 
otium  meum  abstraxerit,  aut  voluptas  avocarit,  aut  denique 
somnus  retardarit  ?  13.  Quare  quis  tandem  me  reprehendat, 
aut  quis  mihi  jure  succenseat,  si,  quantum  ceteris  ad  suas 
res  obeundas,  quantum  ad  festos  dies  ludorum  celeb randos, 
quantum  ad  alias  voluptates,  et  ad  ipsam  requiem  animi  et 
corporis  conceditur  temporum  ;  quantum  alii  tribuunt  tem- 
pestivis  conviviis,  quantum  denique  alveolo,  quantum  pilae, 
tantum  mihi  egomet  ad  haec  studia  recolenda  sumpsero  ? 
Atque  hoc  adeo  mihi  concedendum  est  magis,  quod  ex  his 
studiis  haec  quoque  crescit  oratio  et  facultas  ;  quae,  quanta- 
cunque  est  in  me,  nunquam  amicorum  periculis  defuit. 
Quae  si  cui  levior  videtur,  ilia  quidem  certe,  quae  summa 
sunt,  ex  quo  fonte  hauriam,  sentio.  14.  Nam,  nisi  multo- 
rum  praeceptis  multisque  Uteris  mihi  ab  adolescentia  suasis- 
sem,  nihil  esse  in  vita  magnopere  expetendum,  nisi  laudem 


ORAHO   PRO   A.    LTCINIO   ARCIIIA.  89 

atquo  houestatem  ;  in  ea  autem  persequenda  omnefl  cruciatus 
corporis,  omnia  pericula  mortis  atque  exsilia  parvi  esse  du- 
oenda;  nunquam  mo  pro  salute  vestra  in  tot  ac  tantaa  <limi- 
cationes  atquo  in  lios  profligatoram  hominum  quotidianos 

impetus  objecissem.     Sed  pleni  sunt  omues  libri,  plenae  sa- 
pientium  voces,  plena  exemplorum  yetustas ;  quae  jacerent 
in  tenebris  omnia,  nisi  literarum  lumen  accederet.     Quam    y 
multas  nobis  imagines  non  solum  ad  intuendum,  verum  etiam     ) 
ad  imitandum  fortissimorum  virorum  expressas  scriptores    / 
et  Graeci  et  Latini  reliquerunt  ?     Quas  ego  mihi  semper  in    j 
administranda  re   publica   proponens,  animum  et  mentem  / 
meam  ipsa  cogitatione  hominum  excellentium  conformabam.     ^ 

VII.  15.  Quaeret  quispiam :  Quid?  illi  ipsi  sunimi  viri, 
quorum  virtutes  literis  proditae  sunt,  istane  doctrina,  quam 
tu  effers  laudibus,  eruditi  fuerunt  ?  Difficile  est  hoc  de 
omnibus  confirmare :  sed  tamen  est  certum,  quid  respon- 
deat. Ego  multos  homines  excellenti  animo  ac  virtute 
fuisse,  et  sine  doctrina,  naturae  ipsius  habitu  prope  divino, 
per  se  ipsos  et  moderates  et  graves  exstitisse  fateor :  etiam 
illud  adjungo,  saepius  ad  laudem  atque  virtutem  naturam 
sine  doctrina,  quam  sine  natura  valuisse  doctrinam.  Atque 
idem  ego  hoc  contendo,  quum  ad  naturam  eximiani  et  illus- 
trem  accesserit  ratio  quaedam  coriformatioque  doctrinae,  tmn 
illud  nescio  quid  praeclarum  ac  singulare  solere  exsistere ; 
16.  ex  hoc  esse  hunc  numero,  quern  patres  nostri  viderunt, 
divinum  hominem,  Africanum ;  ex  hoc  C.  Laelium,  L.  Fu- 
rium,  moderatissimos  homines  et  continentissimos ;  ex  hoc 
fortissimum  virum,  et  illis  temporibus  doctissimum,  Cato- 
nem  ilium  senem,  qui  profecto,  si  nihil  ad  percipiendam 
colendamque  virtutem  literis  adjuvarentur,  nunquam  se  ad 
earum  studium  contulissent.  *-  Quod  si  non  hie  tantus  fruc- 
tus  ostenderetur,  et  si  ex  his  studiis  delectatio  sola  petere- 
tur,  tamen,  ut  opinor,  hanc  animi  adversionem  huraanissi- 
mam*  ac  liberalissimam  judicaretis.  Nam  ceterae  neque 
temporum  sunt,  neque  aetatum  omnium,  neque  locorum ; 
at/  haec  studia  adolescentiam  acuunt,  senectutem  oblectant, 


90  OKATIO    PRO    A.    LICINIO   ARCHIA. 

secundas  res  ornant,  adversis  perfugium  ac  solatium  prae« 
bent  ;  delectant  domi,  non  impediutit  foris,  pernoctant 
nobiscum,  peregrinantur,  rusticantur.  j    c/^^f  /j^/^/y^rt' 

17.  Quod  si  ipsi  haec  neque  attingere,  neque  sensu  nostro 
giistare  possemus,  tamen  ea  mirari  deberemus,  etiam  quum 
in  aliis  videremus. 

VIII.     Quis  nostrum  tarn  animo  agresti  ac  duro  fuit,  ut 
Roscii  morte  nuper  non  commoveretur  ?    qui  quum  esset 
senex  mortuus,  tamen,  propter  excellentem  artem  ac  venus- 
tatem,  videbatur  omnino  mori   non  debuisse.       Ergo   ille 
corporis  motu^tantum  amoreni  sibi  conciliarat  a  nobis  omni- 
bus :    nos  animorum  incredibiles  motus  celeritatemque  in- 
geniorum  negligemus  ?     18.  Quoties  ego  hunc  Archiam  vidi, 
judices,  (utar  enim  vestra  benignitate  quoniam  me  in  hoc 
novo  generi  dicendi  tarn  diligenter  attenditis),  quoties  ego 
hunc  vidi,   quum  literam  scripsisset  nullam,  magnum  nu- 
merum  optimorum   versuum  de  iis  ipsis  rebus,  quae  turn 
agerentur,  dicere   ex  tempore !   quoties  revocatum  eandem 
rem  dicere,  commutatis  verbis  atque  sententiis  !      Quae  vero 
accurate  cogitateque  scripsisset,  ea  sic  vidi  probari,  ut  ad 
veterum  scriptorum  laudem  pervenirent.      Hunc  ego  non 
diligam  ?  *ja£n  admirer  ?    non    omni    ratione    defendendum 
putem  ?  /  Atque  sic  a  summis  hominibus  eruditissimisque 
accepimus,  ceterarum  rerum  studia  et  doctrina,  et  praeceptis,    n 
et  arte  constare,  poetam  natura  ipsa  valere,  et  mentis  viri-  j/C 
bus  excitari,  et  quasi  divino  quodam  spiritu  inflari.     Quare    J 
suo  jure  noster  ille  Ennius  sanctos  appellat  poetas,  quod 
quasi  deorum  aliquo  dono  atque  munere  commendati  nobis   _ 
esse  videantur./  19.  Sit  igitur,  judices,  sanctum  apud  vos, 
humanissimos  homines,  hoc  poetae  nomen,  quod  nulla  un-     y 
quam  barbaria  violavit.    feaxa  et  solitudines  voci  respon- 
dent ;    bestiae  saepe  immanes  cantu  flectuntur  atque   con-     i 
sistunt :  jjns   instituti  rebus  optimis    non   poetarum  voce  ^ 
moveamur^i     Homerum  Colophonii  civem  esse  dicunt  suum, 
Chii  suum  vindicant,   Salaminii  repetunt,   Smyrnaei  vero 
suum  esse  connxmant ;  itaque  etiam  delubrum  ejus  in  oppido 


ORATIO   PRO   A.    LICINIO    ABORT  A.  01 

dedicaverunt  :    permulti    alii    praeterea   pugnani    Inter  se 
atque  contending. 

/  IX.  Ergo  illi  alicnuni,  quia  poeta  fuit,  post  mortem 
t'fiam  expetunl  :  nos  buno  vivum,  qui  et  voluntate  et  legi- 
bus  noster  est,  repudiabimua  ?  praesertim  quum  omne  olim 
stadium  atque  omne  ingenium  eontulerit  Archias  ad  populi 
Romani  gloriani  Laudemque  oelebrandam.  Nam  et  Cim- 
bricas  res  adolescens  attigit,  et  ij>si  illi  0.  Mario,  qui  durior 
fed  liaec  studia  vid&batur,  jucundus  fuit.  20.  Neque  rnim 
qnisqnam  est  tetti  aversua  a  Musis,  qui  mm  manaan  vnxi- 
bua  aeternum  suorum  laborum  facile  praoconium  patiatur. 
Thomistoclem  ilium,  summum  Atlimis  \iiuin,  dixisse  aiunt, 
quum  ex  eo  quaereretur,  "  quod  acrdama,  aut  cujus  vocem 
Kbcntissime  audiret :  ejus  a  quo  sua  virtus  optime  praedi- 
earetur."  Itaque  ille  Marius  item  eximie  L.  Plotium 
dilcxit,  cujus  ingenio  putabat  ea,  quae  gesserat,  posse  cele- 
biari.  21.  Mithridaticum  vero  bellum,  magnum  atque 
difficile,  et  in  multa  varietate  terra  marique  versatum, 
totum  ab  hoc  expressum  est :  qui  libri  non  modo  L.  Lucul- 
lum,  fortissimum  et  clarissimum  virum,  verum  etiam  populi 
Roman!  nomen  illustrant.  Poj)ulus  enim  Romanus  aperuit, 
Lucullo  imperante,  Pontum,  et  regiis  quondam  opibus,  et 
ipsa  natora  regionis  vallatum  :  populi  Romani  exercitus, 
eodem  duce,  non  maxima  manu  innumerabiles  Armeniorum 
copias  fudit :  popuU  Komani  laus  est,  urbem  amicissimam 
Cyzicenorum,  ejusdem  consilio,  ex  omni  impetu  regio,  atque 
totius  belli  ore  ac  faucibus  ereptam  esse  atque  servatam  : 
nostra  semper  iere^ui*  et  praedicabitur,  L.  Lucullo  dinii- 
cante,  cum  interfectis  ducibus  depressa  kostium  classis,  et 
in.  redibilis  apud  Tenedum  pugna  ilia  navalis  :  nostra  sunt 
tropaea,  nostra  monumenta,  nostri  triumphi  ;/ quae  quorum 
ingeniis  efferuntur,  ab  iis  populi  Romani  fama  celebratur. 
22.  Carus  fuit  Africano  superiori  noster  Ennius  ;  itaque 
etiam  in  sepulchro  Scipionem  putatur  is  esse  constitutus  ex 
marmore.  At  iis  laudibus  certe  non  solum  ipse,  qui  lauda- 
tur,  sed  etiam  populi  Romani  nomen  ornatur.     In  coelum 


92  ORATIO    PRO    A.    LICINIO    ARCTIIA. 

hujus  proavus  Cato  tollitur ;  inagnus  lionos  populi  Romani 
rebus  adjungitur.  Omnes  denique  illi  Maximi,  Marcelli, 
Fulvii,  non  sine  commnni  omnium  nostrum  laude  deco- 
rantur. 

X  X.  Ergo  ilium,  qui  haec  fecerat,  Rudinum  liominem, 
majores  nostri  in  civitatem  receperunt :  nos  liunc  Heracli- 
ensem,  multis  civitatibus  expetitum,  in  hac  autem  legibus 
constitutum,  de  nostra  civitate  ejiciemus? 

23.  Nam  si  quis  minorem  gloriae  fructum  putat  ex  Graecis 
versibus  percipi,  quam  ex  Latinis,  vehementer  errat,  prop- 
terea,  quod  Graeca  leguntur  in  omnibus  fere  gentibus,  Latina 
suis  finibus,  exiguis  sane,  continentur.  Quare  si  res  eae, 
quas  gessimus,  orbis  terrae  regionibus  definiuntur,  cupere 
debemus,  quo  manuum  nostrarum  tela  pervenerint,  eodem 
gloriain  famamque  penetrare ;  quod  quum  ipsis  populis,  de 
quorum  rebus  scribitur,  haec  ampla  sunt,  turn  iis  certe,  qui 
de  vita,  gloriae  causa,  dimicant,  hoc  maximum  et  periculorum 
incitamentum  est  et  laborum.  24.  Quam  multos  scriptores 
rerum  suarum  magnus  ille  Alexander  secum  habuisse  dicitur ! 
Atque  is  tamen,  quum  in  Sigeo  ad  AchilHs  tumulum  adsti- 
tisset,  0  fortunate,  inquit,  adolescens,  qui  tuae  virtutis  Ilo- 
merujn  praeconem  inveneris !  Et  vere :  nam,  nisi  Ilias  ilia 
exstitisset,  idem  tumulus,  qui  corpus  ejus  contexerat,  nomen 
etiam  obruisset.  Quid  ?  noster  hie  Magnus^ui  cum  virtute 
fortunam  adaequavit,  nonne  Theophanem,  Mitylenaeum, 
scriptorem  rerum  suarum,  in  concione  militum  civitate  do- 
navit ;  et  nostri  illi  fortes  viri,  sed  rustici  ac  milites,  dulcedine 
quadam  gloriae  commoti,  quasi  participes  ejusdem  laudis, 
magno  illud  clamore  approbaverunt  ?  25.  Itaque,  credo,  si 
civis  Romanus  Archias  legibus  non  esset,  ut  ab  aliquo  im- 
peratore  civitate  donaretur,  perficere  non  potuisset.  Sulla, 
quum  Hispanos  donaret  et  Gallos,  credo,  hunc  petentem  re- 
pudiasset ;  quern  nos  in  concione  vidimus,  quum  ei  libellum 
malus  poeta  de  populo  subjecisset,  quod  epigram  ma  in  eum 
fecisset,  tantummodo  alternis  versibus  longiusculis,  statim 
ex  iis  rebus,  quas  tunc  vendebat,  jubere  ei  praemium  tribui 


OBJLTIO    WfcO    A.    UC1NIO    AkCilIA.  93 

sed  ea  conditionc,  nu  quid  postea  Bcnberet.  Qui  Bedulitatem 
inali  poetae  dJxerit aliquo  bamen  praemip  dignam,  hujus. 
ingenium  et  virtutem  in  scribrudo  ei  copiam  aion  cxpetisset? 
26.  Quid?  a  Q.  Metello  Pio,  fiuniliarissimo  suo,  quicivitate 
mult (»s  donavit,  neque  per  se,  neque  per  Lucullos  impetra- 
vissrt  ?  qui  praoaoitim  usque  eo  de  suis  rebus  scribi  cuperet, 
ut  etiam  Cordubae  natis  poetis,  pin^ue  quiddam  sonantibus 
atque  pere^rihumj  tamen  aures  suas  dederet. 

XI.  Neque  enim  est  hoc  dissimulandum,  quod  obscurari 
/non  potest,  sed  prae  nobis  ferendum  :  trabimur  omnes  stud;o 
laudis,  et  optimus  cmisque  maximo  gloria,  duritur.  Ipsi  illi 
philosopld,  etiam  in  iis  libellis,  quos  de  contemnenda  gloria 
scribunt,  nomen  suum  inscribunt :  in  eo  ipso,  in  quo  prae- 
dicationem  nobilitatemque  despiciunt,  praedicari  de  se,  ac 
nominari  volunt.  27.  Decimus  quidem  Brutus,  summus  ille 
vir  et  imperator,  Accii,  amTcissimi  sui,  carminibus  templorum 
ac  monumentorum  aditus  exornavit  suorum.  Jam  vero  ille, 
qui  cum  Aelolis,  Knnio  comite,  bellavit  Fulvius>  non  dubi- 
tavit  Martis  mamibias  Musis  consecrare.  Quare,  in  qua  urbe 
imperatores,  prope  armati,  poetarum  nomen  et  Musarum 
del ubra  coluerunt,  in  ea  rion  debent  togati  judices  a  Musa- 
rum honore  et  a  poetarum  salute  abliorrero. 

28.  Atque,  ut  id  libentius  faciatis,  jam  me  vobis,  judices, 
indicabo,  et  de  meo  quodam  a  more  gloriae,  nimis  acri  for- 
tasse,  verumtamen  lionesto,  vobis  confitebor.  Nam,  quas  res 
nos  in  consulatu  nostro  vobiscum  simul  pro  salute  hujus 
urbis  atque  imperii,  et  pro  vita  civium,  proque  universa  re 
publica  gessimus,  attigit  hie  versibus  atque  inchoavif ;  quibus 
auditis,  quod  milii  magna  res  et  jucunda  visa  est,  hunc  ad 
[n  riiciendum  adornavi.  Nullam  enim  virtus  aliam  mercedem 
laborum  periculorumque  desiderat,  praeter  hanc  laudis  et 
gloriae ;  qua  quidem  detracta,  judices,  quid  est,  quod  in  hoc 
tarn  exiguo  vitae  curriculo,  et  tarn  brevi,  tantis  nos  in  labo- 
ribus  exerceamus  ?  29.  Certe,  si  nihil  animus  praesentiret 
in  posterum,  et  si,  quibus  regionibus  vitae  spatium  circum- 
scriptum est,  eisdem  omnes  cogitationes  terminaret  suas,  nee 


04:  ORATIO    PRO    A.    LICINIO    ARCIIIA. 

tantis  se  laborious  frangeret,  neque  tot  curis  vigiliisque 
angeretur,  nee  toties  de  ipsa  vita  dimicaret.  Nunc  insidet 
quaedam  in  optimo  quoque  virtus,  quae  noctes  ac  dies  ani- 
uiuni  gloriae  stimulis  concitat,  atque  adinonet  non  cum  vitae 
tempore  esse  diinittendam  commemorationem  nominis  nostri, 
sed  cum  omni  posteritate  adaequandam. 

XII.  30.  An  vero  tarn  parvi  animi  videamur  esse  omnes, 
qui  in  re  publica,  atque  in  his  vitae  periculis  laboribusque 
versamur,  ufc,  quum  usque  ad  extremum  spatium,  nullum 
tranquillum  atque  otiosum  spiritum  duxerimus,  nobiscum 
simul  moritura  omnia  arbitremur  ?  An  statuas  et  imagines, 
non  animorum  simulacra,  sed  corporum,  studiose  multi  sum- 
mi  homines  reliquerunt,  consiliorum  relinquere  ac  virtutum 
nostrarum  effigiem  nonne  multo  malle  debemus,  summis  in- 
geniis  expressam  et  politam  ?  Ego  vero  omnia,  quae  gerebam, 
jam  turn  in  gerendo  spargere  me  ac  disseminare  arbitrabar  in 
orbis  terrae  memoriam  sempiternam.  Haec  vero  sive  a  meo 
sensu  post  mortem  abfutura  est,  sive,  ut  sapientissimi  homi- 
nes putaverunt,  ad  aliquam  animi  mei.  partem  pertinebit, 
nunc  quidem  certe  cogitatione  quadam  speque  delector. 

31.  Quare  conservate,  judices,  hominem  pudore  eo,  quern 
amTcorum  videtis  comprobari  quum  dignitate,  turn  etiam 
vetustate,  ingenio  autem  tanto,  quantum  id  convenit  existi- 
mari,  quod  summorum  hominum  ingeniis  expetitum  esse 
videatis ;  causa  vero  ejusmodi,  quae  beneficio  legis,  auctori- 
tate  municipii,  testimonio  Luculli,  tabulis  Metelli  compro- 
betur.  Quae  quum  ita  sint,  petimus  a  vobis,  judices,  si  qua 
non  modo  humaria,  verum  etiam  divina  in  tantis  ingeniis 
commendatio  debet  esse,  ut  eum,  qui  vos,  qui  vestros  im- 
peratores,  qui  populi  Romani  res  gestas  semper  ornavit ;  qui 
etiam  his  recentibus  nostris,  vestrisque  domesticis  periculis 
aeternum  se  testimonium  laudis  daturum  esse  profitetur; 
isque  est  eo  numero,  qui  semper  apud  omnes  sancti  sunt 
habiti,  itaque  dicti,  sic  in  vestram  accipiatis  fidem,  ut  hu- 
manitate  vestra  levatus  potius,  quam  acerbitate  violatus 
esse  videatur.     32.  Quae   de  causa  pro  mea   consuetudine 


ORATIO    PRO    A.    LICINIO    AKCIIIA.  95 

breviter  simpliciterque  dixi,  judicos-,  ea  confido  probata  esse 
omnibus:  quae  non  fori,  neque  judicial i  coiisiicbudin«,  ct  dc 
hominii  ingenio,  ot  coniiiiuniter  de  ipsius  studio  looutaa  sum, 

ea,  judices,  a  vobis  spero  esse  in  bonam  partem  accepta;  ab 
eo,  qui  judicium  exercet,  certe  scio. 


97 

SELECT    OEATIONS 


M.  T.  CICERO: 

With  the  Latin  Text  conformed  to  the  English  Order ^ 
and  accompanied  with  English  Notes^ 

EXPLANATORY  AND  CRITICAL. 
5 


INTRODUCTION 


FOUR  ORATIONS  AGAINST  CATILINE. 


These  orations  grew  out  of  the  celebrated  conspiracy  of 
Catiline,  one  of  the  most  exciting  ejusodes  in  the  general 
current  of  Roman  history.  This  was  an  attempt  on  the 
part  of  Catiline,  a  man  of  patrician  birth,  powerful  frame, 
subtle  capacity,  and  unscrupulous  character,  to  seize  the  su- 
preme power  of  the  state,  in  conjunction  with  other  profli- 
gate nobles,  and  to  appropriate  to  themselves  the  private 
possessions  and  the  public  domain  of  the  Roman  people. 

a  Lucius  Catiline,"  Sallust  tells  us,  "  born  of  a  noble  family, 
was  a  man  of  great  force  both  of  mind  and  body,  but  of  de- 
praved and  perverted  disposition  and  character.  From  his 
early  years,  intestine  wars,  bloodshed,  rapine,  civil  discord, 
were  pleasing  to  him ;  and  in  these  he  passed  his  you  th  in 
active  participation.  His  body  was  capable  of  enduring 
hunger,  watching,  and  cold,  beyond  what  any  one  could  be- 
lieve ;  his  mind  was  bold,  crafty,  versatile,  capable  of  assum- 
ing every  virtue  and  dissembling  every  vice ;  he  was  greedy 
of  others'  property,  profuse  of  his  own ;  he  was  ardent  in 
his  passions  ;  he  possessed  a  good  degree  of  fluency,  but  little 
wisdom.  His  capacious  mind  was  always  grasping  after 
things  inordinate,  unreasonable,  beyond  his  reach.  This 
man,  after  the  usurpation  of  Sylla,  a  great  and  criminal  am- 
bition had  invaded  to  seize  upon  the  republic  ;  nor  had  he 


100  INTRODUCTION. 

any  concern  or  care  by  what  means  lie  might  accomplish  his 
object,  provided  only  he  procured  for  himself  the  supreme 
dominion." 

His  original  plan  appears  to  have  been  to  obtain  the  Con- 
sulship by  bribery  and  other  means  of  indirection,  and  to 
make  this  the  stepping-stone  to  a  complete  and  unlimited 
usurpation.  In  the  mean  time  he  had  been  gathering  to- 
gether at  Faesulae,  in  Upper  Etruria,  a  band  of  disaffected 
persons  of  e\ery  class  from  different  parts  of  Italy.  These 
were  becoming  organized  into  an  army  under  the  immediate 
command  of  C.  Manlius,  a  veteran  soldier  of  Sylla,  and  were 
only  awaiting  the  signal  for  breaking  out  into  open  revolt 
and  seconding  the  nefarious  designs  of  Catiline. 

Two  several  attempts  of  Catiline  to  obtain  the  Consulship 
were  unsuccessful.  In  the  first  he  had  Cicero  himself  for  a 
competitor,  who  employed  all  the  powers  of  his  eloquence  in 
disparaging  the  claims  of  his  rival  and  laying  bare  the  crim- 
inal practices  of  his  really  profligate  life.  Cicero  was  elected 
Consul  almost  by  universal  acclamation,  and  C.  Antonius 
was  made  his  colleague  by  a  few  votes  over  Catiline.  This 
was  in  the  year  B.C.  63. 

In  the  following  year,  B.C.  62,  Catiline  made  his  second 
attempt  to  secure  the  Consulship.  He  had  to  encounter 
again  the  determined  opposition  of  Cicero  ;  who  procured  the 
passage  of  a  more  stringent  law  against  bribery,  and  adopted 
other  vigorous  measures  to  accomplish  the  defeat  of  this  un- 
scrupulous and  dangerous  man. 

These  movements  of  Cicero  raised  the  personal  enmity  of 
Catiline  to  such  a  pitch,  that  he  formed  a  plot  to  assassinate 
him  during  the  canvass.  This  design  was  intercepted  by 
the  precautionary  measures  of  Cicero ;  and  when  the  election, 
which  had  been  deferred,  finally  took  place,  Catiline  was 
again  defeated,  the  canvass  having  terminated  in  favor  of 
D.  Junius  Silanus  and  L.  Licinius  Muraena. 

Disappointed  in  the  result,  and  driven  to  desperation  by 
his  broken  fortunes  and  detected  criminality,  Catiline  now 


INTRODUCTION.  101 

determined  to  precipitate  his  measures.  He  called  together 
the  conspirators  at  the  house  of  M.  Porcius  Laeca,  and  dis- 
closed his  purpose  of  proceeding  at  once  to  the  camp  of 
Mnnlius  and  unfurling  the  standard  of  open  revolt.  He 
arranged  with  other  Leading  conspirators  to  remain  at  Rome, 
and  at  a  given  signal  to  attack  the  city  with  the  sword  and 
conflagration.  His  departure  was  only  now  delayed  in  or- 
der to  assure  himself  of  the  death  of  Cicero,  which  he  deemed 
it  indispensable  first  to  accomplish.  This  nefarious  project 
was  undertaken  by  two  of  the  conspirators,  who  engaged  to 
proceed  to  the  house  of  Cicero  at  early  dawn  and  to  assassi- 
nate him  in  his  bed.  In  almost  the  same  hour  Cicero  was 
made  aware  of  what  had  transpired  at  the  meeting  by  the 
information  of  a  certain  Fulvia,  a  female  friend  of  one  of  the 
conspirators,  and  the  design  of  assassination  was  intercepted 
by  additional  guards  placed  at  the  door. 

The  succeeding  day  Cicero  called  together  a  meeting  of 
the  Senate  in  the  Temple  of  Jupiter  Stator  for  consultation. 
At  this  meeting,  to  the  universal  surprise,  Catiline  himself, 
with  marvellous  audacity,  aj)peared  in  person,  and  drew  upon 
himself,  from  the  indignant  orator,  the  powerful  torrent  of 
invective  and  reproach  contained  in  the  first  of  the  four 
orations. 


THE  LATIN  TEXT  ARRANGED  TO  CONFORM  TO  THE  ENGLISH  ORDER, 
WITH  EXPLANATORY  NOTES. 


Textus  Latiwm  in  Anglicum  Ordinem  Converaus. 

ORATIO   PRIMA* 

IN 

L.   OATILINAM 

HABITA  IN  SENATU. 


I.  ■  Quousque  tandem  abutere,  Catilina,  nostra  pa- 
tientia  ?  .  Quamdiu  etiam  iste  furor  tuus  eludet  nos  ?     Ad 

*  Oratio  prima.  .  The  occasion  of  this  first  oration  or  rather  im- 
passioned invective  was  briefly  this.  Catiline,  in  conjunction  with 
others,  having  formed  a  conspiracy  to  seize  the  supreme  power  of 
the  Roman  State,  and  to  involve  everything  in  devastation  and  ruin, 
a  meeting  of  the  conspirators  had  been  held,  the  previous  night  but 
one,  at  the  house  of  M.  Porcius  Laeca,  in  which  their  plans  were 
matured.  Cicero  is  made  aware  of  these  plans  through  secret  in- 
formation, and  summons  a  meeting  of  the  Senate  for  deliberation  in 
the  Temple  of  Jupiter  Stator.      Catiline  himself,  with  matchless 


104  ORATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM. 

quern  finem  [tua]  efFrenata  audacia  jactabifc  sese  ?  2  Nihilne 
inoverunt  to  [hae  inusitatae  res],  nihil  nocturnum  praesidi- 
um  Palatii,  nihil  vigiliae  urbis,  nihil  timor  populi,  nihil  con- 
sensus omnium  bonorum,  nihil  hie  munitissimus  locus  ha- 
bendi  senatus,  nihil  [denique]  ora  que  vultus  horum  ?  Non 
sentis  tua  consilia  patere  ?-*/Non  vides  tuam  conjurationem 
8 jam  teneri  constrictam  conscientia  omnium  horum?  Ar- 
bitraris  [ali]  quem  nostrum  ignorare,  quid  egeris  proxima 
[nocte]  quid  superiore  nocte,  ubi  fueris,  quos  convocaveris, 
quid  consilii  ceperis  ?     O  !   tempora  !     O  mores  !     Senatus 


effrontery,  appears  in  person  in  the  Senate  and  is  addressed  by 
Cicero,  apparently  on  the  spur  of  the  moment,  in  this  language  of 
burning  invective.  Though  the  orator  speaks  from  the  impulse  of 
his  feelings,  the  oration  is  not  without  a  definite  object.  The  gen- 
eral drift  of  it  is  to  persuade  or  constrain  Catiline  to  leave  the  city 
at  once  with  his  followers,  by  letting  him  know  that  his  plans  have 
been  disclosed  to  Cicero  by  secret  information,  and  that  he  is  an 
object  of  general  detestation  and  suspicion  on  the  part  of  the  people. 
He  wishes  to  drive  him  to  open  revolt,  that  there  may  no  longer  be 
a  doubt  as  to  his  real  designs,  and  indicates  this  as  his  policy  to  the 
Senate. 

With  regard  to  the  genuineness  of  this  oration,  besides  internal 
marks  and  other  abundant  proof,  we  have  the  explicit  testimony  of 
Sallust :  Turn  M.  Ihillim,  consul,  sive  praesentinm  ejus  timens,  sen 
ira  commotus,  orationem  Mbuitluculentam  atque  utilem  reipublime  ; 
quam  posted  scriptam  edidit. 

M  Then  M.  Tullius  (Cicero),  Consul,  whether  fearing  his  presence 
or  moved  to  indignation  (by  it)  delivered  a  brilliant  oration  and  (one) 
beneficial  to  the  republic,  which  he  afterwards  wrotb  out 

AND  PUBLISHED." 

1  Quousque  tandem,  &c.  "How  far,  I  ask,  O  Catiline,  will  you 
exercise  our  patience  ?  How  long,  too,  shall  that  madness  of  thine 
baffle  our  attempts  to  restrain  it  ?  Literally,  ' '  baffle  us. "  What 
limit  shall  there  be  to  the  display  of  thy  unbridled  audacity  ? 
Literally,  "  To  what  limit  shall  an  unbridled  audacity  display  it- 
self." 

2 Nihilne  moverunt,  &c.  "Have  you  been  nothing  moved  (by 
these  unusual  appearances),  nothing  by  the  nightly  guard  on  the 

Palatine  Hill,"  &c nihil  consensus  omnium  bonorum,  "nothing 

by  the  unanimity  of  all  good  citizens,"  nihil  hie  munitissimus,  &c, 
"nothing  by  this  most  carefully  garrisoned  place  for  holding  the 
Senate?"  Literally,  "Have  the  nightly  guard  of  the  Palatine 
Hill,  &c,  nothing  moved  the'e." 

3  Jam  teneri  constrictam,  &c.  ' '  Is  now  fettered  and  circumscribed 
by  the  common  knowledge  of  it  possessed  by  all  of  these." 


ORATIO   I.    IN    CATILINAM.  105 

intelligit  haec,  consul  videt :  tamen  hie  vivit.  Vivit !  immo 
vero  etiam  venit  in  senatum :  fit  particeps  publici  consilii : 
oculis  notat  et  designat  ad  c-acdein  unumquemque  nostrum. 
Autem  nos,  fortes  viri,  videmur  satisfacere  rei  publics 
vitemus  furorem  ac  tela  istius.-*"  Jampridem  oportebat,  Cati- 
lina,  te  dud  ad  mortem  jussu  consulis;  [jampridem  opor- 
ortebat]  '  istam  pestem  conferri  in  te,  quam  tu  jamdiu  machi- 
narifl  in  omnes  nos.  An  vero  [ille]  ainplissiinus  vir,  P. 
Scipio,  pontifex  maximus,  *  privatus,  interfecit  T.  Gracclnun, 
mediocriter  labefactantem  statum  reipublicae :  nos  consules 
perferemus  Catilinam  cupientem  vastare  orbem  terrae  caede 
atque  incendiis?\  Nam  praetereo  3  ilia  nimis  antiqua  (exem- 
pla),  quodC.  Servilius  Ahala  occidit  sua  manu  Sp.  Maelium 
studentem  novis  rebus.  Fuit,  fuit  quondam  4  ista  virtus  in 
hac  republics^  ut  fortes  viri  coercerent  perniciosum  civem 
acrioribus  suppliciis  quam  acerbissimum  hostem.-'^'IIabemus 
senatus  consultum  in  te,  Catilina,  5  vehemens  et  grave : 
non  deest  reipublicae  consilium  neque  auctoritas  hujus 
ordinis:  nos,  nos,  consules,  dico  aperte,  desumus. 

II.      Senatus  quondam  decrevit,  ut   L.   Opimius  consul  ,f 
videret,  respublica  ne  caperet  [alii  quid  detrimenti.      Nulla  il^^f 
nox  intercessit :  C.  Gracchus,  [natus]  clarissimo  patre,  avo,     -. 
majoribus,  interfectus  est  propter  quasdem  suspiciones  sedi- 
tionum;    M.   Fulvius   consularis   occisus    est    cum    liberis. 
Simili  senatus-consultu  respublica  permissa  est  C.  Mario  et 


1  Istam  pes' em,  &c.  "  Long  since  ought  that  destruction  to  have 
been  brought  upon  yourself  which  you  have  been  so  long  plotting 
against  all  of  us." 

-  Pricatus.  "A  private  individual,"  having  no  secular  author- 
ity, ....  mediocriter  labefactantem,  &c,  "only  moderately  dis- 
turbing the  stability  of  the  republic." 

3  Itta  nimis  antiqua,  A:c.  "  Those  too  remote  examples  or  trans- 
actions." 

4  Ista  virtus.     "  That  degree  of  vir.ue." 

5  VeTieinens  et  grave.  "  Stringent  and  weighty."  ....  Non  deest, 
ttc.  "There  is  not  wanting  to  the  republic  the  counsel  nor  the 
(official)  authority  of  this  order  (the  Senatorial).  We,  we  consuls, 
I  say  it  openly,  are  recreant  to  our  duty." 


106  ORATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM. 

L.  Valerio  consulibus.  'Num  mors  ac  poena  reipublicae, 
unum  diem  postea,  remorata  est  L.  Saturninum  tribunum 
plebis  et  C.  Servilium  praetorem  ?  At  vero  nos,  jam  vicesi- 
mum  diem,  patimur  2  aciem  auctoritatis  horum  hebescere. 
Enim  habemus  3  senatus-consultum  hujusmodi,  verum  tamen 
inclusum  in  tabulis,  tamquam  [gladiumj  reconditum  in 
vagina :  ex  quo  senatus-consulto  convenit  te,  Catilina,  con- 
festim  interfectum  esse.  Vivis ;  et  vivis  non  ad  deponen- 
dam  sed  ad  confirmandam  audaciam.  4  Cupio,  conscripti 
Patres,  me  esse  clementem  ;  cupio,  in  tantis  periculis  rei- 
publicae  me  non  videri  dissolutum ;  sed  jam  condemno 
me  ipsum  inertiae  que  nequitiae.  Castra  collocata  sunt 
contra  rempublicam  in  Italia  in  faucibus  Etruriae :  nu- 
merus  hostium  crescit  in  singulos  dies :  autem  videmus 
imperatorem  eorum  castrorum  que  ducem  hostium  intra 
moenia  atque  adeo  in  senatu,  molientem  quotidie  aliquam 
intestinam  perniciem  reipublicae.  Si  jussero  te,  Catilina, 
jam  comprehendi,  si  [jussero]  interfici;  credo  erit  B  veren- 
dum  mihi  ne  non  omnes  boni  [dicant  hoc  factum  esse]  a  me 


1  Num  mors  ac  poena,  &c.  "  Did  death  and  the  punishment  due 
to  the  republic  for  a  single  day  afterwards  keep  in  waiting  or  sus- 
pense L.  Saturninus,  the  tribune  of  the  people,  and  C.  Servilius, 
the  praetor  ?  "  Or  we  may  understand  an  ellipsis  of  consequi  or 
excipere  and  translate  remorata  est  consequi  or  excipere.  u  Delay  to 
overtake,"  &o. 

3  Aciem  auctoritatis,  &c.  Literally,  "  The  edge  of  the  authority 
of  these  (senators)  to  become  blunt;  "  i.  e.,  the  force  of  the  public 
enactment  to  become  weakened. 

3 Senatus-consultum  hujusmodi,  &c.  "For  we  have  a  decree  of 
the  Senate  of  this  same  description,  enclosed,  however,  in  the  pub- 
lic tables,  like  a  sword  hidden  in  its  scabbard  ;  from  the  import  of 
which  decree  it  was  fit  (and  lawful)  that  you,  Catiline,  should  be 
summarily  put  to  death,"  Imjusmodi  and  ex  quo  senatus-consulto, 
though  separated  by  other  words,  are  correlatives  in  fact. 

4  Cupio  ....  cupio."  I  desire,  on  the  one  hand  ....  I  wish,  on 
the  other." 

5  Verendum  .  .  .  .  ne  non.  Ne  non  after  vereor  is  equivalent  to 
ut,  and  is  affirmative.  "  I  have  reason  to  fear  that  all  good  men 
will  say  that  this  was  done  by  me  too  late,  rather  than  any  one 
should  say  that  it  was  done  with  too  much  severity  (and  precipi- 
tancy)." 


ORATIO    T.    IX     CATII.IXAM.  107 

serins,  potius  quani  quisquam  dicat  factum  esse  oradelios. 
Verum  ego  nondum  adducor,  ut  faciam  hoc,  quod  oportuit 
jamprid6m  factum  esse,  '  de  certa  causa.  Turn  denique  inter- 
ik-iam  te,  quum  jam  nemo  poterit  inveniri  lam  Lmprobofl,  tarn 
perditaa,  'tarn  similis  tui,  qui  non  fateatur  id  factum  esse 
jure.  Quamdiu  erit  quisquam,  qui  audeat  defendere  te, 
vives:  sed  vives,  ita  ut  vivis,  obsessus  meis  multis  et/firmis 
praesidiis, )  ne  possis  commovere  te  contra  rempublicam. 
8  Oculi  et  aures  etiam  multorum,  sicut  adhuc  fecerunt, 
si    speculabuntur  atque  custodient  te.non  sentientem. 

III.  Etenim  quid  amplius  est,  Catilina,  quod  jam  exspec- 
tes,  si  neque  nox  potest  ob'scurare  tenebris  nefarios  coetus 
nee  privata  domus  continere  parietibus  *  voces  tuae  conju- 
rations? Si  omnia  illustrantur,  si  erumpunt?  Muta  jam 
istam  mentem  [tuam]  ;  crede  mihi :  obliviscere  caedis  atque 
incehdiorum.  Teneris  undique :  omnia  tua  consilia  sunt 
clariora  nobis  luce  ;  5  quae  [consilia]  licet  jam  recognoscas 
mecum.  Meministine  me  dicere  in  senatu  duodecimum 
diem  (duodecimo  die)  ante  Kalendas  Novembres  C.  Manlium, 
8  satellitem  atque  administrum  tuae  audaciae  fore  in  armis 
oerto  die,  qui  dies  futurus  esset  sextum  diem  (sextus  dies) 
ante   Kalendas  Novembres  ?     7  Num  fefellit   me,  Catilina, 

1  De  certa  causa.     "  For  a  definite  (and  satisfactory)  reason." 
8  Tarn  simiUs  tui,  qui,  &c.     ' '  So  much  like  yourself  as  not  to 
confess,"  tfce. 

3  Oculi  et  aures,  &c.  "  The  eyes  and  ear^also  of  many,  as  they 
have  hitherto  done,  shall  (continue  to)  watch  and  guard  against 
your  movements  unobserved  by  yourself."  Literally,  "  Guard  you 
not  perceiving  "  them. 

4  Voces  tuae  conjurations.  "  The  utterances  of  your  conspiracy." 
Si  omnia,  &c.  "If  all  things  are  brought  to  light,  if  they  break 
forth  to  view."  Muta  jam  istam,  &c.  "Change  that  (criminal) 
purpose  of  thine  ;  confide  in  my  advice :  dismiss  from  your  mind 
(all  thoughts  of)  slaughter  and  conflagrations. " 

j> 6  Quae  cojisilia,  &c.     "  These    plans  you  can  now  review  with 
me,"  and  convince  yourself  of  my  knowledge  of  your  affairs. 
7  8  Satellitem  atque  administrum.     "  The  accomplice  and  active  in- 
strument of  your  audacity. " 

7  Num  fefeUit  me,  &c.  Was  I  deceived,  Catiline,  not  merely  in 
the  thing  itself,  so  enormous,  so  atrocious,  &c. ,  .  . . .  but  in  the  day  " 
even,  which  I  had  previously  announced. 


108  ORATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM. 

non  modo  res  (ipsa),  tanta,  tarn  atrox,  tam  incredibilis, 
verum,  id  quod  est  niulto  magis  adniirandum,  dies  (quern 
praedixissem)  ?  Ego  idem  dixi  in  senatu  1  te  contulisse 
caedem  optimatium  in  quint um  diem  ante  Kalendas  Novem- 
bres,  turn,  quum  multi  principes  civitatis  profugerunt 
Roma,  causa  non  tam  conservandi  sui,  quam  reprimendorum 
tuoruni  consiliorum.  Num  potes  infitiari  te  illoiipso  die 
3  circumclusum  meis  praesidiis,  mea  diligentia  non  potuisse 
commovere  te  contra  rempublicam ;  quum  tu,  discessu 
ceterorum,  dicebas  te  tamen  esse  contentum  nostra  caede,  qui 
remansissemus.  Quid  !  qurun  tu  confideres  te  occupaturum 
esse  Praeneste,  nocturno  impetu,  ipsis  Kalendis  Novembri- 
bus  ;  sensistine  illam  coloniam  munitam  esse  meo  jussu,  meis 
praesidiis,  custodiis,  que  vigiliis  !  Agis  nihil,  moliris  nihil, 
cogitas  nihil,  quod  ego  non  modo  (non)  audiam,  sed  etiam  * 
videam  que  plane  sentiam.  / 

IV.  Recognosce  tandem  mecum  illam  superiorem  noc- 
tem :  jam  intelliges  me  vigilare  multo  acrius  ad  salutem 
quam  te  ad  perniciem  reipublicae.  Dico  te  venisse  prioro 
nocte  'inter  falcarios  (non- agam  obscure)  in  domum  M. 
Laecae  ;  complures  socios  ejusdem  amentiae  que  sceleris  con- 


1  Te  contulisse  caedem,  &c.  "  That  you  had  assigned  the  slaughter 
of  the  nobles  (by  agreement)  to  the  fifth  day,"  &c.  Causa  non  tam, 
Szc.  "  With  thcdesign  not  so  much  of  saving  themselves  as  of  inter- 
cepting and  defeating  your  plans. " 

2  Circumclusum  meis  praesidiis,  &c.  ' '  Hemmed  in  by  my  guards, 
and  by  my  assiduity  was  unable  to  make  any  movement  against  the 
republic,  on  which  occasion  you  (though  disappointed)  by  the  de- 
parture of  the  rest,  declared  that  you  nevertheless  would  be  satis- 
fied with  the  death  of  us  who  remained."  Nostra  is  freely  and 
elegantly  used  for  nostrum,  and  made  the  antecedent  of"  qui. 
Quid  !  quum  tu  confideres,  &c.   ' '  Nay,  more,  when  you  fully  expected 

to  take  possession  of  Praeneste,  &c did  you  not  perceive 

that  colony  to  be  fortified,"  &c.  Quid!  is  interrogative  and 
exclamatory,  and  is  equivalent  perhaps  to  "  what  say  you  to  this 
farther  fact,"  &.O. 

•*  Inter  falcanos  {non  agam  obscure).  "Among  the  scythe- 
makers  ;  i.  e. ,  into  the  locality  of  this  class  of  artisans  (for  I  will  not 
leave  you  in  the  dark  or  treat  the  matter  obscurely),  into  the  house 
of  M.  Laeca." 


OEATIO    I.    IN   CATII.INAM.  109 

vi  nisse  eodem.  Num  audea  negare  ?  Quid  taces?  '  Con- 
vincain,  si  DQgas.  Enim  video  quosdam  esse  liic  in  senatu 
qui  fuerunt  una  tecum. «  O  immortalee  Dii !  Ubinam  gen- 
t  Iiiiii  ramus?     Quam  rempublicam  habemua?     In  qua  urbe 

vivimus  j'  Sunt  hie,  hie  in  nostro  nuinero,  Conscript  i  Patres, 
in  boo  sanctiasdmo  que  graviasimo  consilio  orbis  terrae,  (ii), 
1  qui  cogitent  de  interitu  omnium  nostrum,  qui  (cogitent)  do 
exit io  hujus  urbis  ' atque  adeo  orbis  terrarum.  Hosce  ego,  con- 
sul, video,  4et  rogo  [eos]  sentcntiaia  de  republica  !  Et  non- 
dum  vulnero  eos  voce,  quos  oportebat  trucidari  ferro  !  Fuisti 
igitur  ilia  nocte  apud  Laecam,  Catilina :  distribuisti  partes 
Italiae:  statuisti,  quo  placeret  [tibi]  quemque  proficisci : 
delegisti,  quos    relinqueres  Romae,  quos    educeres    tecum  ; 

6  descripsisti  partes  urbis  ad  incendia;  confirmasti  te  ipsum 
jam  exiturura  esse  ;  6  dixisti  esse  tibi  etiam  nunc  paullulum 
morae,  quod  ego  viverem.     Duo  Romani  equites  reperti  sunt, 

7  qui  liberarent  te  ista  cura,  et  pollicerentur  sese,  ilia  ipsa 
nocte,  paullo  ante  lucem  interfecturos  esse  me  in  meo  lectulo. 
Ego  compevi  liaec  omnia,  etiam  dum  vestro  coetu  vix  dimis- 
so  ;  munivi  atque  firmavi  meaoi  domum  majoribus  praesi- 
diis  :  exclusi  eos,  quos  tu  miseras  ad  me  mane,  8salutatum, 

8  quum  illi  ipsi  venissent,  quo§  ego  jam  praedixeram  multis 
ac  sumniis  viris  venturos  esse  ad  me  id  temporis. 


1  Convincfim,  si  negas.     ' '  I  will  prove  it,  if  you  deny  it. " 
a  Qui  oogiterht.     "  Who  are  plotting." 
3  Atque  adeo.     ' '  And  even. " 

*  Et  rogo  {eos)  seiitentiam.  "And  (in  my  official  capacity)  ask 
them  their  opinion  on  public  affairs." 

6  Descripsisti  partes,  &c.  "You  mapped  out  the  different  parts 
of  the  city  for  the  flames." 

6  Dixisti  esse  tibi,  &c.  "  You  said  that  there  was  still  a  reason  for 
a  little  delay  on  your  part,  because  I  was  living-." 

7  Qui  liberarent,  &c.  "  Who  were  to  release  you  from  concern  on 
that  account." 

*  Salutatum.  Supine  in  um.  "  To  greet  me."  "Pay  me  their 
respects." 

9  Quum  illi  ipsi.  "Inasmuch  as  those  very  persons  had  come 
who  I  had  already  predicted  to  many  men,  and  those  too  of  consid- 
eration, would  come  to  me  at  that  time. " 


110  GKATIO   I.   IN   CATILINAM. 

V.  1  Quum  quae  sint  ita,  perge,  quo  coepisti  [pergere]  : 
Egreclere  aliquando  ex  urbe :  portae  patent :  proficiscere. 
2  Nimium  cliu  ilia  castra  tua  Manliana  deslderant  te  impera- 
torem.  Educ  tecum  etiam  omnes  tuos  (satellites)  :  s  si  minus, 
quam  plurimos.  Purga  urbem.  Liberabis  me  metu,  4  dummo- 
do  munis  in^ersit  inter  me  atque  te.  6  Non  potes  jam  diutius 
versari  nobiscum  (cum  nobis) :  non  feram,  non  patiar,  non 
siu am.  Magna  gratia  habenda  est  immortalibus  Diis  atque 
huic  Jovi  Statoir  ipsi,  antTquissimo  custodi  hujus  urbis,  quod 
jam  toties  effugimus  banc  tam  tetram,  tam  horribilem  que 
tarn  infestam  pestem  reipublicae.  6  Non  saepius  est  surnma 
salus  reipublicae  periclitanda  in  uno  homine.  7  Quamdiu, 
Catilina,  insidiatus  es  mihi,  eonsuli  designato,  non  defendi  me 
publico  praesidio,  sed  privata  diligentia.  Quum  proximis 
consularibus  comitiis  voluisti  interficere  me  consulem  in 
campo,  et  tuos  competitores,  compressi  tuos  nefarios  couatus, 
praesidio  et  copiis  ainicorum,  nullo  tumult  a  publice  concita- 
to  :  8  denique  quotiescunque  petisti  me,  obstiti  te  per  me 
(ipsum) :  quamquam  videbam  meam  perniciem  9  esse  conjunc- 
tam  cum  magna  calamitate  reipublicas.      10  Nunc  jam  aperte. 


1  Quum  quae  sint  ita.  "  Since  tliese  things  are  so  ;"  literally, 
"  since  which  things  are  so,"  a  customary  phrase  of  logical  transi- 
tion. 

■  Nimium  diu,  &c.  "  Too  long  is  that  camp  of  thine  under  Man- 
lius  left  without  your  presence  as  commander. " 

3  Si  minus,  &o.  "  If  not  (all),  as  many  as  possible."  The  expres- 
sion quam  plurimos  is  elliptical  for  tam  plurimos  quampossis. 

4 1) urn modo.     ' '  Only  when. " 

6  Non  potes,  &c.  **  You  cannot  now  any  longer  be  allowed  to  live 
and  have  your  home  with  us." 

6 Non  saepius  est,  &c.  "Not  too  often  (however)  is  the  highest 
safety  (and  welfare)  of  the  republic  to  be  put  in  peril  in  (the  person 
of)  one  man  "  i.  e.  Cicero. 

''Quamdiu,  Catilina,  &c.  "So  long,  Catiline,  as  you  formed 
your  plots  for  me  (individually)  the  consul  elect,"  &c. 

8 Denique  quotiescunque,  &c.  "In  fine,  as  often  as  you  have  at- 
tacked me  (personally),  I  have  resisted  you  by  my  own  agency 
and  resources." 

9  Esse  conjunctam.     "To  be  inseparably  connected." 

10  Nunc  jam  aperte  petis,  &c.  ' '  Now  at  this  time  you  openly  (and 
without  disguise)  attack  the  whole  republic." 


ORATIQ   I.    IN    CATILINAM.  Ill 

petis  universam  rem  publicum :  vocas  ad  exitium  ac  vastita- 
tem  templa  immortal iu m  deorum,  tectaurbis,  ritam  omnium 
civium,  denique  totam  Italiam.  Quare,  quoniam  nondum 
audeo  facere  '  id  quod  est  primum,  et  quod  proprium  est 
liujus  imperii  que  discipliiiae  majorum,  fociam  id  quod  est 
leniiis  ad  severitatem  et  utilius  ad  communcm  salutem.  Nam 
si  jussero  te  interfici,  reliqua  maims  conjuratorum  residebit 
in  republica ;  sin  tu  exieris  (quod  jamdudum  hortorte),  sen- 
tina  tuorum  comitum,  a  magna  et  perniciosa  reipublicae,  ex- 
haurietur  ex  urbe.  8  Quid  est,  Catilina  ?  Num  dubitas  facere 
id,  me  imperante,  *  quod  jam  faciebas  tua  sponte  ?  Consul 
jubet  hostem  exire  ex  urbe.  Interrogas  me,  num  (exieris)  in 
exsilium  ?     Non  jubeo  :  sed,  si  consulis  me,  suadeo. 

VI.  Enim  quid  est,  Catilina,  quod  possit  jam  delectare 
te  in  hac  urbe  ?  In  qua  [urbe]  est  nemo,  extra  istam 
conjurationem  perditorum  hominum,  qui  non  metuat  te ; 
nemo,  qui  non  oderit.  Quae  nota  domesticae  turpitudinis 
6  non  inusta  est  tuae  vitae  ?  e  Quod  dedecus  privatarum 
rerum  non  haeret  (tibi)  infamiae  ?  Quae  libido  abfuit 
ab  [tuis]  oculis,  quod  facinus  unquam  [abfuit]  a  tuis  mani- 
bus,  quod  flagitium  a  toto  corpore  ?  7  Cui  adolescentulo, 
quern  irretisses  illecebris  corruptelarum,  non  praetulisti  aut 


1  Id  quod  est  primum,  &c.  "That  which  is  first  (and  most  ob- 
vious), and  which  properly  belongs  to  (the  dignity  of)  this  empire 
and  the  strict  ideas  of  our  ancestors  "  .  .  .  .  id  quod  lenius,  etc. 
"  That  which  is  less  stringent  in  point  of  severity  and  (at  the  same 
time)  more  useful  for  the  common  safety. " 

-  Magna  et  perniciosa,  &c. .  "  Large  as  it  is  and  most  injurious  to 
the  republic." 

3  Quid  est,  Catilina?  "What  is  it,  Catiline,"  (that  prevents  you 
from  taking  this  step. ) 

4  Quod  jam,  &c.  "Which  already  you  were  upon  the  point  of 
doing  of  your  own  accord." 

6  Non  inusta  est.     "  Is  not  branded."     Literally,  "  burnt  in." 

B  Quod  dedecus,  &c.  "  What  disgrace  of  private  conduct  does  not 
adhere  to  you  as  a  source  of  infamy." 

7  Cui  adolescentulo,  &c.  "  To  what  youth,  whom  you  had  en- 
tangled by  the  allurements  of  corrupting  practices,  have  you  not 
furnished  either  a  sword  to  arm  his  audacity,  or  a  torch  to  inflame 
his  licentiousness  ?  " 


112  ORATIO   I.    IN   OATILTNAM. 

ferrum  ad  audaciam  aut  facem  ad  libidinem  ?  1  Quid 
verb  ?  Nuper,  quum,  morte  superioris  uxoris,  vacuefecisses 
domum  novis  nuptiis,  2  nonne  etiam  cumulasti  hoc  scelus 
alio  incredibili  scelere  ?  Quod  ego  praetermitto,  et  facile 
patior  3  sileri ;  ne  immanitas  tanti  facinoris  videatur  aut  -ex- 
stitisse  in  hoc  civitate  aut  non  vindicata  esse.  Praetermitto 
ruinas  tuarum  fortunarum,  omnes  quas  senties  impendere 
tibi  4  proximis  Idibus  :  venio  ad  ilia,  quae  pertinent  non  ad 
privatam  ignominiam  tuorum  vitiorum,  non  ad  tuani  doraes- 
ticani  difficultateni  ac  turpitudinem,  6  sed  ad  summam,  rem- 
publicam  atque  ad  vitam  que  salutem  omnium  nostrum. 
Potestne  haec  lux,  Catilina,  aut  spiritus  hujus  coeli 
esse  jucundus  tibi,  quum  solas  esse  neminem  horum,  qui 
nesciat  te  6  stetisse  in  comitio  cum  telo  pridie  Kalendas 
Januarias,  Lepido  et  Tullo  consulibus  ?  6  Paravisse  manum, 
causa  interficiendorum  consilium  et  principum  civitatis  ? 
Non  aliquam  mentem  aut  timorem  tuum,  sed  fortunam 
Romani  populi  6obstitisse  tuo  sceleri  ac  furori  ?  7  Ac  jam 
omitto  ilia  (enim  neque   suut  [scelera]  post  commissa  aut 

1  Quid  vero?  "Why  mention  indeed  lesser  crimes?"  or  simply 
"  moreover"  or  "  furthermore." 

2  Nonne  etiam  cumulasti,  &c.  ' '  Did  you  not  also  aggravate  this 
crime  by  another  incredible  enormity  ?  "  To  the  poisoning  of  his 
wife  he  is  supposed  to  have  added  also  the  murder  of  his  own  son. 

3  Sileri.     "  To  be  left  in  silence." 

4  Proximis  Idibus.  Debts  usually  fell  due  and  interest  accrued 
on  the  Kalends  and  Ides  of  the  month. 

5  Sed  ad  summam  rempublicam.  ' '  But  to  the  highest  public  con- 
cern." 

6  Stetisse,  paravisse  and  obstitisse  are  all  construed  with  qui  nesciat 
te.  Non  aliquam  mentem  aut  timorem,  &c.  "That  not  any  for- 
bearance or  shrinking  of  yours,  but  the  good  fortune  of  the  Roman 
people  intercepted  on  that  occasion  your  crime  and  madness,"  or 
'*  your  criminal  madness.". 

7  Ac  jam  omitto,  &c.  "  And  now  I  pass  over  th  >se  other  matters 
(for  the  crimes  since  committed  are  neither  unknown  or  few  in 
number)."  I  bring  one  specific  charge  :  "  How  often  have  you  at- 
tempted to  kill  me  as  consul  elect,  how  often  as  consul!  How 
many  assaults  of  thine  directed  in  such  a  manner  that  they  did  not. 
seem  possible  to  be  avoided,  have  I  escaped  by  a  certain  slight  shift- 
ing of  my  position,  or,  as  they  say  (in  pugilistic  phrase),  corpore, 
corporeal  movement." 


ORATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM.  liii 

obscura  aut  non  mulia)  :  quoties  conatus  es  interficcrc  me 
[consulem]  deeignatum,  quoties  [me]  oonsuleml  Quot 
petitiones  tuas  ita  conjectaa,  nt  non  viderentur  posse  vitaii, 
ego  eftugi  quadam  parva  declinatione  et,  nt  aiunt,  corpore  ! 
Agis  nihil,  assequeris  nihil,  moliris  nihil ;  '  neqne  tamen  dcsis- 
tis  conari  ac  velle.  Quotiens  ista  sica  jam  cxtorta  est 
de  manibus  tibi !  Quotiens  vero  excidit  et  elapsa  est  aliquo 
easu!  8  Taraen  non  potes  carere  ea  diutins  :  quibus  bacris 
quidem  quae  (=haec  sica)  initiata  abs  te  ac  devota  sit,  nescio, 
quod  putas  esse  necesse  defigefe  cam  in  corpore  consulis. 

VII.  Nunc  vero,  quae  est  ista  vita  tua?  Enim  jam 
loquar  tecum  sic,  ut  videar  non  permotus  esse  odio,  quo  debeo 
[permoveri],  sed  ut  [videar  permotus  esse]  misericordia, 
8  quae  nulla  debetur  tibi.  Yenisti  paullo  ante  in  senatum. 
Quis  ex  hac  tanta  frequentia,  ex  tot  amicis  ac  necessariisA^ 
tuis  salutavit  to?  Si  hoc  conugit  nemini  post  mcmoriam 
hominum,  *  exspectas  contumeliam  vocis,  quum  sis  oppres- 
sus  gravissimo  judicio  taciturnitatis !  &  Quid,  quod  tuo  ad- 
ventu  ista  subsellia  vacuefacta  sunt  ?  quod,  omnes  consulares, 
(jiii  persaej^e  constituti  fuerunt  tibi  ad  caedem,  siniul  atque 
assedisti,  reliquerunt  istam  partem  subselliorum  nudam  at- 
que inanem.     Quo  animo  tandem  putas  hoc  ferendum  tibi? 


1  Neque  tamen  desistis,  <fcc.  "  And  yet  you  do  not  cease  to  attempt 
and  to  purpose  (evil) ." 

1  J 'amen  non  potes.  "Yet  you  cannot  be  without  it  for  any  con- 
siderable time  ;  with  what  impious  solemnities  indeed  this  (dagger 
of  yours)  has  been  consecrated  by  you  and  set  apart  to  its  office,  I 
know  not,  that  you  think  it  to  be  necessary  to  plunge  it  in  the  body 
of  a  consul." 

3  Quae  nulla,  &c.     "  Which  in  no  degree  is  due  to  you." 

1  EkcspectM  coiitumcliam  vocis.  "  Do  you  wait  for  the  reproach  of 
an  audible  condemnation  when  you  are  already  overwhelmed  by  the 
severest  judgment  of  a  significant  silence." 

6  Quid,  rjuod,  ttc.  "What  say  you  to  the  fact,  that  at  your 
coming  those  (senatorial)  seats  were  (immediately)  vacated  ?  that 
all  the  men  of  consular  dignity,  who  have  been  very  often  designated 
by  you  to  slaughter,  as  soon  as  you  sat  down,  abandoned  that  part 
of  the  seats  (and  left  them)  naked  and  empty  ?  with  what  feelings, 
think  you,  ought  such  a  circumstance  as  this  to  be  regarded  by 
you  ?  " 


114  OEATIO   I.    IN   CATTLINAM. 

1 7.  Si,  mehercule,  mei  servi  metuerent  me  :  isto  pacto,  ut 
omnes  tui  cives  metuunt  te,  putarem  meam  domum  [esse] 
relinquendam :  non  tu  arbitrarjs  urbem  [esse  relinquen- 
dam]  tibi?  2  Et,  si  viderem  me,  injuria,  tarn  graviter  sus- 
pectum  atque  offensum  meis  civibus,  mallem  me  carere 
aspectu  civium  quain  conspici  infestis  oculis  omnium  '/%  tu, 
quum  conscientia  tuorum  scelerum,  agnoscas  odium  omnium 
[esse]  justum  et  jamdiu  debitum  tibi,  dubitas  vitare  aspec- 
tum  que  praesentiam  eorum,  quorum  mentes  que  sensus 
vulneras  ?  Si  tui  parentes  timerent  atque  odissent  te,  neque 
posses  placare  eos  ulla  ratione,  4  concederes,  ut  opinor,  ali- 
quo  ab  eorum  oculis :  nunc  patria,  quae  est  communis 
parens  nostrum  omnium  odit  ac  metuit  te  et  jamdiu  judicat 
te  cogitare  nihil  nisi  de  suo  parricidio.  Tu  neque  verebere 
(  hujus  auctoritatem,  nee  sequere  judicium,  nee  pertimesces 
\vim  ?  6  Quae  sic  agit  tecum,  Catilina,  et  quodam  modo 
tacita  loquitur  :  "  Jam  aliquot  annis  nullum  facinus  exstitit 
nisi  per  te  ;  nullum  flagitium  sine  te ;  6  tibi  uni  neces  mul- 
torum.  civium,  tibi  vexatio  que  direptio  sociorum  fuit  im- 
punita  ac  libera ;  7  tu  valuisti  non  solum  ad  negligendas 
leges  et  quaestiones,  verum  etiam  ad  evertendas  que  per- 
fringendas  (eas).  Quanquam  ilia  superiora  non  fuerunt 
ferenda,  tamen  tuli  [ea],  ut  potui:  nunc  vero  non  est  feren- 


I  Isto  pacto.     "  In  the  same  manner  as." 

II  Et,  si  viderem,  &c.  "And  if  I  saw  myself,  even  without  cause, 
an  object  of  grave  suspicion  and  of  odium,"  &c.  Injuria,  literally, 
"With  injustice,"  here,  "Without  cause." 

3  Tu,  quum,  &c.  "  And  do  you,  although  with  the  conviction  you 
must  have  of  your  own  crimes  you  acknowledge  the  universal  odium 
to  be  right,  &c hesitate,"  &c. 

4  Concederes,  &c.  u  Would  withdraw,  I  imagine,  somewhere  from 
their  eyes." 

5  Quae  sic  agit,  &c.  "And  this  common  mother,  your  country, 
thus  expostulates  with  you  and  in  a  manner  silently  addresses 
you."  &c. 

6  Tibi  uni  neces,  &c.  "To  you  alone  the  proscriptions  of  many 
citizens,  to  you  the  harassment  and  plunder  of  our  allies  have  been 
things  of  impunity  and  of  unrestrained  perpetration." 

7  Tu  valuisti.     "  You  have  been  able." 


('RATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM.  L15 

(him  'totam  me  esse  in  nieiii  propter  tc  unum ;  ■  quidquid 
increpueril  Oatilinaiatimerij  nullum  consilium  posse  videri 
iniri  ooutra  me,  3  ([\iotl  abhorreal  a  buo  scelere.  Quamobrem 
discede,  atque  eripe  lmnc  timorem  mihi:  si  est  veins,  ne 
opprimarj  sin  falsus,  ut  tandem  aliquando  desinam  timere." 
VIII.  Si  patria  loquatur  haec  tecum,  ut  dixi,  nonne 
debeat  Mmpetian',  ctiain  si  non  possit  adhibere  vim?  6Quicl, 
quod  tu  ipse  dedisti  te  in  custodiam?  quod  causa  vitandi 
suspicionis  dixisti  te  velle  habitare  ad  M.  Lepidum?  Non 
receptus  a  quo,  ausus  es  venire  ad  me  atque  rogasti,  ut  as- 
set-vareni  te  meae  domi.  *  Quum  tulisses  quoque  a  me  id 
respousi,  me  nullo  modo  posse  esse  tuto  iisdem  parietibus 
tecum,  qui  essem  in  magno  periculo,  quod  contineremur 
iisdem  moenibus,  venisti  ad  praetorem  Q.  Metellum.  Re- 
pudiatus  a  quo,  demigrasti  ad  7tuum  sodalem,-  optimum 
virum,  M.  Marcellum;  quern  tu  videlicet  putasti  fore  et 
diligentissimum  ad  custodiendum  te,  et  sagacissimum  ad 
Buspicanduln,  et  fortissimum  ad  vindicandum.  8  Sed  quam 
longe  videtur  (eum)  debere  abesse  a  carcere  atque  a  vinculis, 


1  Totam  me,  &c.  "  That  my  whole  being  and  existence  should 
be  put  in  fear  on  account  of  thee  alone."  .... 

1  Quid  quid  increpuerit.  '  "  That  on  every  noise,  every  alarm,  Cati- 
line should  be  an  object  of  apprehension."  Literally,  "  Whatever 
noise  should  be  made." 

3  Quod  abhorrent,  &0.  "Which  is  not  connected  with  your  crim- 
inality."    "  In  which  you  do  not  bear  a  criminal  part." 

4  ImpHrare.     "  To  obtain  "  what  she  wishes. 

5  Quid,  qxvodtu  ipse,  &c.  "  What  is  to  be  thought  of  the  fact, 
that  you  of  your  own  accord  surrendered  yourself  into  custody  ?  " 
This  was  sometimes  done  by  suspected  persons  to  allay  anxiety. 

6  Quum  tulisses  quoque  a  me,  <fcc.  "  When  you  received  (literally 
1  bore  away ')  from  me  also  the  answer  that  I  could  by  no  means 
exist  in  safety  in  the  same  house  with  you,  inasmuch  as  I  was  {qiti 
essem)  in  great  peril  to  be  confined  even  within  the  same  city 
walls." 

7  Tuum  sodalem,  optimum  virum.  "  Your  intimate  associate  a 
very  excellent  man."  Ironically  said.  Quern  tu  videlicet  putnsti. 
"  Which  you  doubtless  thought,"  &c. 

8  Sed  qui i in  loiiye,  &c.  *'  But  how  far  removed  does  it  seem  that 
he  ought  to  be  from  (real)  incarceration  and  chains,  who  volunteers 
already  to  adjudge  himself  worthy  of  confinement." 


116  ORATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM. 

qui  ipse  jam  judicarit  se  dignum  custodia?  Quum  quae 
ita  sint,  Catilina,  dubitas,  si  non  potes  morari  hie  aequo 
animo,  abire  in  '  aliquas  terras,  et  mandare  f ugae  que  solitu- 
dini  istam  vitam,  ereptam  multis  justis  que  debitis  suppliciis  ? 
Itefer,  inquis,  ad  senatum :  Enim  postulas  id,  et,  si  hie 
ordo  decreverit  3  placere  sibi  te  ire  in  exsilium,  dicis  te 
obternperaturum  esse.  Non  referain  ;  8  id  quod  abhorret  a 
meis  moribus  :  sed  tamen  faciam  (ita),  ut  intelligas  quid  hi 
sentiant  de  te.  Egredere  ex  urbe,  Catilina :  libera  rem- 
publicam  metu :  proficiscere  in  exsilium,  si  exspectas  hanc 
vocem.  *  Quid  est,  Catilina  ?  Ecquid  attendis,  ecquid  ani- 
madvertis  silentium  horum  ?  Patiuntur,  tacent.  Quid 
exspectes  auctoritatem  (eorum)  loquentium,  quorum  volim- 
tatem  tacitorum  perspicis?  At  si  dixissem  hoc  idem 
huic  optimo  adolescenti  P.  Sestio,  [si  dixissem]  fortissimo 
viro  6  M.  Marcello;  senatus  jam,  6optimojure,  intulisset  vim 
et  manus  mihi  consuli  in  hoc  ipso  templo.  Quum  autem, 
Catilina,  quiescimt  de  te,  probant ;  quum  patiuntur,  decer- 
nunt ;  quum  tacent,  clamant.  Neque  hi  solum,  quorum  auc- 
toritas  est  videlicet  cara  tibi,  7  vita  vilissima :  sed  etiam  illi 


1  Aliquas  terras.     "  Some  (obscure  and  distant)  lands." 

2  Placere  sibi.     u  That  it  is  their  pleasure." 

3  Id  quod  abhorret  a  meis  moribus.  "  To  such  a  course  my  feel- 
ings and  character  render  me  averse."  Literally,  "Which  is  repug- 
nant to  my  character.1'  Cicero  seems  to  intimate  that  a  formal 
reference  to  the  senate  would  be  attended  with  immediate  severity 
and  death  to  Catiline.  Sed  tamen  faciam  (ita).  "But  nevertheless 
I  will  act  in  such  a  manner  that  you  shall  be  at  no  loss  to  know 
what  these  (senators)  think  of  you."  He  then  elicits  a  silent  judg- 
ment and  acquiescence  of  the  senate  by  telling  Catiline,  unofficially, 
to  depart  from  the  city.     Egredere,  &c. 

4  Quid  est,  Catilina  ?  "What  does  this  mean,  Catiline  ?  "  Ecquid 
attendis,  &c.  "  Are  you  attending  (to  this  significant  fact)  ?  Do 
you  observe  the  (portentous)  silence  of  these  senators  ?  " 

3  M:  Marcello c     A  different  person  from  the  M.  Marcellus  above. 

6  Optimo  jure.     "  With  good  reason." 

7  Vita  mlissima.  "  Whose  life  is  very  cheap  and  worthless  in  your 
eyes."  The  senate,  he  means,  whose  authority  he  pretended  to  re- 
gard by  wishing  the  matter  referred  to  them,  but  whose  life  he  was 
ready  to  destroy. 


ORATIO   I.    IN    CATILINAM.  I  I  7 

Romani  equites,  honestissimi  atque  optimi  viri,  quo  ceteri 
fortissimi  cives  qui  circuinstant  scnatum,  quorum  tu  potuisti 
et  videre  frequentiam,  ]  <>t  pcispicere  studia,  et  paullo  ante 
exaudhv  voces.  Facile  adducam  eosdem,  quorum  maims  el 
tela  jamdiu  vix  coutineo  abs  te,  ut  prosequantur  usque  ad 
portas  te  reliuquentem  haec,  quae  jampndem  sTudes1  vastare. 
IX.  'Quamquam  quid  Loquor?  Ut  ulla  res  frangal 
te?  Ut  unquam  tu  corrigas  te  ?  Ut  tu  meditere  ullam 
fugam?  Ut  tu  cogites  ullum  exsilium?  Utinam  Dii  im- 
mortales  duiut  tibi  istam  mentem  !  Tametsi  video,  si  8  per- 
territus  mea  voce  induxeris  animum  ire  in  exsilium,  quanta 
tenipestas  invidiae  impendeat  nobis,  *  si  minus  in  praesens 
tempus  recenti  memoria  tuorum  scelerum,  at  in  posteritatem. 
6  Sed  est  tanti  ;  dummodo  ista  sit  privata  calamitas  et  sejun- 
gatur  a  pcriculis  reipublicae.  Sed  ut  tu  commoveare  tuis 
vitiis,  ut  pertimescas  poenas  legum,  ut  cedas  temporibus 
reipublicae,  non  est  postulandum.  Keque  enim  es  is,  Cati- 
lina,  ut  aut  pudor  revocarit  te  a  turpitudine,  aut  metus  a 
periculo,  aut  ratio  a  furore.  23.  Quamobrem,  ut  jam  saepe 
dixi,  proficiscere :  "  ac  si  vis  conflare  mihi  tuo  inimico,  ut 
praedicas,  invidiam,  perge  recta  in  exsilium :  vix  feram  ser* 
mones  hominum,  si  feceris  id :  vix  sustinebo  molem  istius 
invidiae,  si  ieris  in  exsilium  jussu  consulis.      7  Sin  autem 

1  Et  perspicere  studia.  "  And  perceive  their  zeal "  for  the  public 
welfare. 

2  Qusimquam  quid  loquorf  ut,  &c.  "And  yet  why  do  I  speak? 
Is  it  with  the  hope  that  anything  can  subdue  your  obduracy  or  break 
your  spirit  ? "  .  .  .  .  Is  it,  &c. 

3  Perterritus  mea  voce,  &c.  "  Intimidated  by  my  voice,  you  shall 
bring  your  mind  to  go  into  erile,"  &c. 

minus,  Sec.  "  If  not  at  present  in  consequence  of  the  fresh 
recollection  of  your  crimes." 

b  Sed  est  tu  n(i.  "But  it  is  of  that  much  account,"  with  some 
motion  of  contempt.  I  care  not  for  the  odium  I  shall  create  against 
myself,  provided  the  public  does  not  suffer. 

8  Ac  si  vis  conflare,  &c.  "  And  if  you  wish  to  kindle  against  me, 
your  personal  enemy,  as  you  publicly  proclaim,  a  flame  of  indigna- 
tion, go  straight  into  exile." 

T  Sin  autem  mavis,  &C.  "But  if  you  prefer  to  subserve  my  praise 
and  distinction  (do  not  go  into  exile,  but  rather)  go  forth  with  that 


118  ORATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM. 

mavis  servire  meae  laudi  et  gloriae,  egredere  cum  importuna 
manu  sceleratorum ;  confer  te  ad  Manlium ;  concita  per- 
ditos  cives ;  secerne  te  a  bonis,  infer  bellum  patriae ;  exsulta 
impio  latrocinio,  '  ut  videaris  isse  non  ejectus  a  me  ad 
alienos,  sed  invitatus  ad  tuos.  2  Quamquam  quid  ego 
invitem  te,  a  quo  sciam  jam  [eos]  esse  praeniissos,  qui  praes- 
tolarentur  tibi  armati  ad  Forum  Aurelium  ?  Cui  sciam  diem 
pactam  et  constitutam  [esse]  cum  Manlio?  A  quo  sciam 
esse  praemissam  etiam  illam  argenteam  aquilam,  quam  con- 
fido  futuram  esse  perniciosam  ac  funestam  tibi  ac  omnibus 
tuis,  3  cui  sacrarium  tuorum  scelerum  constitutum  fuit  tuae 
domi  ?  4  Ut  possis  tu  carere  diutius  ilia,  quam  solebas  venerari 
proficiscens  ad  caedem  ?  a  cujus  alfcaribus  saepe  transtulisti 
istam  impiam  dextram  ad  necem  civium  ? 

X.  Ibis  tandem  aliquando,  quo  jampridem  ista  effre- 
nata  ac  furiosa  cupiditas  tua  rapiebat  te.  Enim  neque  5  haec 
res  affert  tibi  dolorem,  sed  quandam  incredibilem  volup- 
tatem.  Ad  banc  amentiam  natura  peperit  te,  voluntas 
exercuit,  fortuna  servavit.  8  Non  modo  tu  nunquam  concu- 
pisti  otium,  sed  ne  quidem  bellum  nisi  nefarium.    Nactus  es 


insolent  band  of  wretches  (your  associates)  and  join  yourself  to 
Manilas,"  &c. 

1  Ut  videaris,  &c.  u  That  you  may  seem  to  have  gone  forth,  not 
as  banished  by  me  to  the  society  of  strangers,  but  as  solicited  to  the 
companionship  of  your  proper  associates. " 

2  Quamquam  quid  ego  invitem  te,  <fcc.  "Yet  why  do  I  sojicit  you 
(to  go  into  exile),  when  I  know  that  persons  have  already  been  sent 
before  you,  who  are  to  wait  for  you  in  arms  at  Forum  Aurelium." 

3  Cui  sacrarium,  &c.  Literally,  "  For  which  a  sanctuary  of  thy 
crimes  has  been  established  at  thy  house."  The  Roman  eagle  was 
enclosed  in  a  shrine  oftentimes.  Cicero  seems  to  intend  that  Cati- 
line's house,  where  this  eagle  was  kept,  was  a  sanctuary  of  crime 
and  conspiracy— a  shrine  where  wicked  vows  were  made. 

4  Ut  possis  tu  carere.  "  How  can  you  be  any  longer  without  that 
symbol  ?  "  &c. 

5  Haec  res.     ' '  This  criminal  enterprise. " 

6 Non  modo  tu,  &c.  "Not  only  have  you  never  desired  peace 
and  repose ;  not  even  war  has  satisfied  you,  unless  it  were  an 
infamous  one." 


ORATIO    I.    IN    CATII, IN  AM.  119 

mm  mm  improborum  '  conflatam  ex  pcrditis,  atque  derelictis 
non  modo  ab  oiimi  fortuna,  vcrum  ciiam  s|>o.  1 1 LO  qua 
laciiiiii  tu  perfruere?  quibus  gaudiis exsultabis ?  [n quanta 
voluptate  bacchabere,  quum.  in  tanto  niimcro  tuorum  □ 
audies  neque  videbis  quemquam  bonum  \  irum  ?  I  Hi  labores 
fcuL  'qui  feruntur,  meditati  sunt  ad  stndium  lmjus  vit.-u-: 
jan-iv  humi  non  modo  ad  obsidtmdum  stupnim,  veruni  et  iain 
ad  obeundum  facinus;  vigilare  insidiantem  non  solum  somno 
maritorum,  verum  etiam  *  bonis  otiosorum.  *  Habes,  ubi 
ostentes  illam  praoclaiam  patientiam  tuam  famis,  frigoris,  in- 
Opiae  omnium  rerum,  quibus  senties  te  brevi  tempore  con- 
fectum  esse.  8  Tantum  profeci  turn,  quum  repuli  te  a 
consulatu  ut  posses,  exsul,  tentare  potius  quam,  consul, 
vexare  rempublicam ;  atque  ut  id,  quod  esset  scelerate  sus- 
ceptum  abs  te,  nominaretur  latrocinium  potius  quam  bellum. 
XI.  6  Nunc  ut  detester  ac  deprecer  a  me,  Patres  Con- 
scripti,  quandam  prope  justam  querimoniam  patriae,  per- 
cipite,  quaeso,  diligenter  quae  dicam  et  mandate  ea  penitus 
vestris  animis  que  mentibus.    Etenim  si    patria,  quae  est 


1  Conflatam,  &c.  "  Collected  together  from  abandoned  persons 
and  those  stripped  not  only  of  all  fortune,  but  even  of  hope  itself." 

2  Qui  feruntur.  "  Which  are  made  matter  of  boasting."  Medilati 
sunt.  "  Were  intended  to  prepare  you  for  the  pursuit  of  this  man- 
ner of  life." 

8  Bonis  otiosorum.  ' '  The  property  of  the  unwary. "  Some  editions 
have  "  occissorum"  which  gives  a  good  sense,  meaning  the  property 
of  those  slain  in  the  proscriptions  incident  to  civil  war. 

*  Habes,  ubi,  &c.  "You  have  now  a  sphere  (in  the  labors  and 
difficulties  of  th:s  conspiracy)  where  you  can  display  that  extraordi- 
nary patience  of  yours  in  enduring  hunger,  cold,  and  the  want  of  all 
things,  by  which  you  will  feel  yourself  in  a  short  time  (I  venture  to 
predict)  to  be  exhausted  and  ruined." 

6  Tantum  profeci,  &c.  "  Thus  much  at  least  I  accomplished 
when  I  debarred  you  from  the  consulship,  that  you  can  now  only 
attack  the  republic  as  an  exile  rather  than,  as  a  consul,  vex  and  ha- 
rass it,  and  that  the  criminal  enterprise  undertaken  by  you  should 
be  called  by  its  proper  name,  a  scheme  of  public  robbery  and  plun- 
der rather  than  a  legitimate  war." 

8  Nunc  ut  detester  ac  deprecer.  "Now  that  I  may  solemnly  depre- 
cate (all  blame)  and  avert  from  myself  an  almost  just  imputation  on 
the  part  of  my  country." 


120  OEATIO    I.    IN   CATILINAM. 

mnl to  carior  mea  vita,  si  cuncta  Italia,  si  omnis  res  pubKca 
loquatur  meciim  jjf  "  M.  Tulli,  quid  agis  ?  Tune  patiere  eum, 
quein  comperisti  esse  hostem,  quern  vides  futurum  (esse) 
ducem  belli,  quern  sentis  exspectari  imperatorem  in  castris 
liostium,  auctorem  sceleris,  principem  conjurationis,  evoca- 
torem  servorum  et  perditorum  civium,  exire,  l  ut  videatur 
non  emissus  abs  te  ex  urbe,  sed  immissus  in  urbem  ?  Nonne 
imperabis  hunc  duci  in  vincula,  non  rapi  ad  mortem,  non 
mactari  summo  supplicio  ?  Quid  tandem  impedit  te  ? 
Mosne  majorum  ?  At  persaepe  etiam  privati  in  hac  repub- 
lica  multarunt  perniciosos  cives  morte.  An  leges,  quae 
rogatae  sunt  de  supplicio  Romanorum  civium  ?  At  nunquam 
in  hac  urbe  a  ii  tenuerunt  jura  civium,  qui  defecerunt  a  re 
publica.  An  times  3  invidiam  posteritatis  ?  4  Refers  vero 
praeclaram  gratiam  Romano  populo,  qui  extulit  te  hominem 
cognitum  per  te,  nulla  commendatione  majorum,  tarn  mature 
per  omnes  gradus  honorum  ad  summum  imperium,  si  propter 
invidiam  aut  metum  alicujus  periculi  negligis  salutem  tuo- 
rum  civium.  Sed  si  est  quis  metus  invidiae,  num.  est 
invidia  severitatis  ac  fortitudinis  vehementius  pertimescenda 
quam  (invidia)  inertiae  atque  nequitiae  ?  Quum  Italia  vas- 
tabitur  bello,  urbes  vexabuntur,  tecta  ardebunt,  6  annon  ex- 
istimas  te  turn  conflagraturum  (esse)  incendio  ?  " 

XII.     His  sanctissimis  vocibus  reipublicae  et  6  mentibus 

1  Ut  irideatur,  &c.  "  So  that  he  may  seem  not  to  have  been  sent 
out  of  the  city,  but  rather  to  have  been  sent  into  it,"  by  the  oppor- 
tunity afforded  him  of  returning  with  an  armed  force  of  conspira- 
tors. 

2  Ii  tenuerunt.     "  Have  they  retained  the  rights  of  citizens,"  &c. 
8  Invidiam.     "Odium." 

4  Refers  vero,  &c.  "You  show  extraordinary  gratitude  truly  to 
the  Roman  people,  who  have  elevated  you,  a  man  known  only  by 
your  own  exertions,  without  any  recommendation  of  ancestry,  at  so 
early  a  period,  (after  passing)  through  all  the  (successive)  grades  of 
office,  to  the  highest  place  of  power,  if  through  the  dread  of  odium 
or  the  fear  of  any  danger  you  neglect  (and  imperil)  the  safety  of 
your  fellow-citizens.7' 

5  Annon  existimas,  &c.  ' '  Do  you  not  think  you  will  then  blaze 
and  be  consumed  in  the  general  conflagration  ?  " 

c  Mentibus.     "  The  opinions." 


ORATIO    I.    IN    (A  I  I  I.I.N  AM.  121 

• 

eorum  hominum,  qui  sentiunt  hoc  idem,  ego  respondebo  pauca. 
Si  judicarem  hoc  opt iinum  lactu,  Patres  conscripts,  ( ■alilinam 
multaii  morte,  ego  non  dedissem  *  isti  gladiatori  usuram 
union  horae  ad  vivendum.  Etenim,  si  summi  viri  efc  claris- 
simi  .  cives  non  modo  2  non  contaminarunt  se  sanguine 
Saturnini  et  Graechorum  et  Flacci  et  complurium  superio- 
rum  (eonjuratoram),  *  sed  etiam  honestarunt ;  certe  non 
erat  verendum  mihi,  ne  quid  invidiae  3  redundaret  niihi  in 
posteritatem,  hoc  parricida  civium  iiiterfecto.  Quod  si  ea 
(invidia)  impenderet  mihi  *  maxima,  tamen  semper  fui  hoc 
animo,  6  ut  putareni  invidiam  partam  virtute  gloriam,  non 
invidiam.  6  Quamquam  nonnulli  sunt  in  hoc  ordine,  qui 
aut  non  videant,  ea  quae  imminent,  atit  dissiiimlent  quae 
vident :  7  qui  aluerunt  spem  Catilinae  mollibus  sententiis,  que 
corroboraverunt  nascentem  conjurationem  non  credendo ; 
quorum  auctoritatem  multi,  uon  solum  improbi,  verum  etiam 
imperiti,  secuti,  dicerent,  8  si  animadvertissem  hunc,  factum 
esse  crudeliter  et  regie.  9  Nunc  intelligo,  si  iste  pervenerit 
in  Manliana  castra,  quo  intendit,  neminem  fore  tarn  stultum, 
qui  non  videat  conjurationem  esse  factam,  neminem  tarn 
improbum,  qui  non  fateatur.      10  Autem  hoc  uno  interfecto, 

1  Isti  gladiatori  usuram,  &c.  "  To  that  gladiator  (and  assassin) 
the  enjoyment  of  one  hour  for  living."  Gladiatori  of  course  refers 
to  Catiline. 

2 Non  contaminarunt  se.  "Did  not  dishonorably  stain  them- 
selves," sed  etiam  lionestarunt,  "  but  even  did  themselves  credit 
and  honor." 

3  Redundaret.     ' '  Would  accrue. " 

1  Maxime.     "  To  the  greatest  degree." 

8  Ut  puUirem,  &c.  u  As  to  think  that  odium  incurred  by  virtue 
and  integrity  was  really  glory  and  not  odium." 

6  Quamquam.     "  Nevertheless." 

T  Qui  <d>ierunt.  ike.  **  Who  have  fostered  the  hope  of  Catiline  by 
lenient  sentiments." 

*  8i  animadvertissem,  &c.  u  If  I  had  inflicted  summary  punish- 
ment upon  this  man,  that  it  was  done  with  cruelty  and  in  a  tyran- 
nical manner." 

9 Nunc  intelligo,  &c.  "Now  I  clearly  perceive,  if  this  man  shall 
once  have  actually  come  to  the  camp  of  Manlius,  whither  he  is  bent 
upon  going." 

i0  Autem  Iwc  uno.  "  But  if  only  this  one  man  is  put  to  death." 
G 


122  OEATIO   I.    IN   CATILINAM.  % 

intelligo  hanc  pestein  reipublicae  posse  paullisper  reprimi, 
1  non  in  perpetuum  coniprimi.  Quod  si^ejecerit  se,'que 
eduxerit  secum  suos,  et  aggregaverit  eodem  ceteros  a  naufra- 
gos  imdique  collectos,  non  modo  2  haec  tam  adulta  pestis 
reipublicae  exstinguetur  atque  delebitur,  verum  etiam  stirps 
ac  semen  omnium  malorum. 

XIII.  3  Etenim  jamdiu  versamur,  Patres  conscripti, 
in  his  periculis  que  insidiis  conj  urationis  ;  sed  nescio  quo 
pacto  maturitas  omnium  scelerum,  ac  veteris  furoris  et  auda- 
ciae,  erupit  in  tempus  nostri  cunsulatus.  4  Quod  si  iste 
unus  ex  tanto  latrocinio  tolletur,  videbimur  fortasse  ad 
quoddam  breve  tempus  esse  relevati  cura  et  metu  :  peri- 
culum  autem  residebit  et  erit  inclusum  penitus  in  venis 
atque  in  visceribus  reipublicae.  Ut  saepe  homines  aegri 
gravi  morbo,  quum  jactantur  aestu  que  febri,  si  biberint 
gelidam  aquam,  videntur  primo  relevari,  deinde  amictantur 
multo  gravius  que  vehementius  ;  sic  hie  morbus,  qui  est 
in  republica,  relevatus  6  poena  istius,  ingravescet  vehemen- 
tius 6  reliquis  vivis.  Quare  improbi  secedant,  secernant 
se  a  bonis,  congregentur  in  unum  locum,  denique,  6  id  quod 
jam  saepe  dixi,  secernantur  a  nobis  muro,  desinant  insidiari 
consuli   suae   domi,  circumstare  tribunal  urbani  praetoris, 


1  Non  in  peiyetuum  comprimi.  u  Not  permanently  (and  wholly) 
suppressed. " 

"  Na.ufragos.  "  Bankrupt  and  ruined  persons."  Haec  tam  adulta. 
"  This  mature  and  full-grown  pest  of  the  republic  ....  but  also 
the  very  root  and  germ  of  all  these  evils." 

3 Etenim  jamdiu,  &c.  "For  now  for  a  long  time,  Conscript 
Fathers,  we  have  been  involved  in  these  perils  and  snares  of  con- 
spiracy (and  treason) ;  but  somehow  the  ripening  and  maturity  of 
all  these  crimes,  and  of  this  long-standing  fury  and  madnes3,  has 
suddenly  broken  out  in  the  period  of  our  consulship." 

4  Quod  ti  iste.  ' '  But  if  this  one  man  out  of  so  extended  a  band 
of  robbers  and  conspirators  shall  be  destroyed,  we  shall  seem  per- 
haps for  some  brief  period  to  be  relieved  from  anxiety  and  fear  :  the 
danger,  however,  will  still  remain,  and  will  be  shut  up  in  the  veins 
and  bowels  of  the  republic." 

1  Poena  istius.  "  By  the  punishment  of  this  one  man."  Reliquis 
vivis.     ' '  While  the  rest  are  alive. " 

6  Id  quod  jam,  &c.     '*  As  I  have  already  often  said." 


ORATIO    I.    IN    CATIUNAM.  123 

obsidere  curiam  cum  gladiis,  '  com  para  re  malleolos  et  faces 
ad  inllammamlam  urbem  ;  sit  deniqne  insrriptum  in  froute 
unius  cujusque,  3  quid  sentiat  de  republic*.  Polliceor  hoc 
vobis,  Patres  conscripti,  fore  tantam  diligentiam  in  nobis 
consulibus,  tantam  auctoritatem  in  vobis,  tantam  virtu  trm 
in  Romania  equitdbus,  tantam  consensionem  in  omnibus 
bonis,  ut  videatis,  profectione  Catilinae,  omnia  esse  patefacta, 
illustrata,  oppressa,  vindicata.  3  Hisce  ominibus,  Catilina, 
cum  sumina  salute  reipublicae,  et  cum  tua  peste  ac  pernicie, 
que  cum  exitio  eorum,  qui  junxerunt  se  cum  te  omni  scelere 
que  parricidio,  proficiscere  ad  impiuin  ac  nefarium  bellum. 
Turn  tu,  Jupiter,  4  qui  constitutus  es  (stator)  iisdem  aus- 
piciis " quibus  haec  urbs  (constituta  est),  quem  vere  nomi- 
namus  Statorem  hujus  urbis  atque  imperii,  6arcebis  hunc  et 
hujus  socios  a  tuis  aris  que  ceteris  templis,  a  tectis  ac 
moenibus  urbis,  a  vita  que  fortunis  omnium  civium  :  6  et  mac- 
tabis  aeternis  suppliciis,  vivos  que  mortuos,  homines  inimi- 
cos  bonorum,  hostes  patriae,  latrones  Italiae,  conjunctos  inter 
se  foedere  scelerum  ac  nefaria  societate, 

1  Comparare  malleolos.     "  To  prepare  firebrands,"  &c. 
-  Qi'irf  tmiiai.     "What  his  views  are." 

3  llixcr  oiiiinibus,  &c.  "  With  these  omens  that  I  have  mentioned 
to  attend  you,  Catiline,  with  the  assured  safety  of  the  republic,  and 
with  thine  own  certain  destruction  and  ruin  and  with  the  destruction 
also  of  those,  etc. . .  .go  forth  to  the  impious  and  unnatural  war." 

4  Qui  eonsutttttu  as,  &o.  "  Who  hast  been  inaugurated  our  patron 
and  supporter  by  the  same  auspices  by  which  the  city  itself  was 
founded." 

5 Arcebis  liunc.  "Wilt  drive  away  this  man  and  his  confeder- 
ates." 

*Et  maetdb%8i  &C  "And  wilt  visit  with  eternal  retributions, 
alive  and  after  death,  men  (who  are)  the  foes  of  the  good,  the  ene- 
mies of  their  country,  the  plunderers  of  Italy,  banded  together 
among  themselves  in  a  league  of  crimes  and  unhallowed  fellowship. " 


OUATIO   SECUNDA,* 
IN 

CATILINAM 

AD      Q UIKITES  . 


I.  ■  Tandem  aliquando,  Quirites,  vel  ejecimus  vel  emisimus, 
ex  urbe  L.  Catilinam,  furentem,  audacia,  anhelanteni  scelus, 

*  Omtio  secunda,  &c.  The  effect  of  Cicero's  speech  in  the  senate 
upon  Catiline  was  what  the  orator  intended.  That  very  night 
Catiline  lied  from  the  city.  Cicero  had  now  to  encounter  a  divided 
opinion  among  the  people.  The  friends  of  order  and  justice  would 
blame  him  for  his  lenity  and  ask  why  he  permitted  so  dangerous  a 
man  to  escape.  On  the  other  hand,  the  secret  supporters  of  Catiline 
and  those  who  were  as  yet  unconvinced  of  his  guilt  would  charge 
the  consul  with  severity  and  precipitancy,  and  the  cry  actually  be- 
gan to  be  raised  that  Cicero  had  driven  an  innocent  man  into  exile. 
In  this  second  oration,  therefore,  Cicero  addresses  the  people  to  vindi- 
cate his  course.  He  refutes  the  charge  of  too  much  lenity  by  show- 
ing that  the  state  of  public  sentiment  and  conviction  did  not  permit 
him  to  take  more  summary  steps  with  Catiline,  and  that  if  he  had 
put  him  to  death  he  would  have  contracted  an  odium  that  would 
have  prevented  him  from  proceeding  against  the  other  conspirators. 
He  answers  the  charge  of  severity  by  insisting  that  Catiline  had  not 
gone  into  exile,  but  to  the  camp  of  Manlius,  where  he  already  in- 
tended to  go.  These,  with  other  matters,  form  the  subject  of  the 
second  oration,  which  concludes  with  a  stringent  warning  and  ad- 
monition, to  the  other  conspirators,  that  the  least  movement  would 
bring  down  the  vengeance  of  the  consul,  and  an  encouraging  promise 
to  the  people  that  without  commotion  and  under  the  auspices  of 
the  immortal  gods  he  would  bring  the  conspiracy  to  an  end  and 
protect  the  city  from  all  enemies. 

1  Tandem  aliquando,  &c.  At  last,  fellow-citizens,  we  have  suc- 
ceeded in  ejecting  or  sending  forth  from  the  city  Lucius  Catiline,  ra- 


ORA.TIO    n.    IN    CATIUN'AM.  125 

nefarie  molientem  pestem  patriae,  minitantem  vobis  atque 
lmic  urbi  forro  quo  llamina,  vol  prosecuti  sumus  verbis  ipsum 
egredientem,  Abiit,  excessit,  evasit,  erupit.  Nulla  pernicies 
jam  oomparabitur  a  illo  monatro  atque  prodigio  '  ipsis  moeni- 

bus  intra  moeuia  :  atque  quidein  vicimu.s  sine  controversia 
hunc  unum  ducem  liujus  domestici belli.  ESnim  jam  '  ilia  doa 
non  versabitur  inter  nostra  latera :  non  pertimescemus  in 
campo,  non  in  foro,  non  in  curia,  non  denique  intra  donies- 
ticos  parietes.  8  Ille  motus  est  loco,  quum  depulsus  est  ex 
urbe.  Jam  palam  geiemus  justum  bellum  *  cum  hoste, 
nullo  impediente.  Sine  dubio  perdidimus  que  magnifice 
viciinus  hominem,  quum  conjecimus  ilium  6  ex  occultis 
insidiis  in  apertum  latrocinium.  e  Quod  vero  non  extulit 
cruentum  mucronem  ut  voluit,  quod  egressus  est,  nobis 
vivis,  quod  extorsimus  ferrum  ei  e  manibus,  quod  reliquit 
cives  incolumes,  quod  [reliquit]  urbem  stantem,  quanto 
maerore  tandem  putatis  ilium  esse  afflictum  et  prolligatum  ? 
Ille  nunc  jacet  que  prostratus  est,  et  sentit  se  esse  7  percul- 
sum  atque  abjectum,  et  retorquet  oculos  profecto  saepe  ad 
nanc   urbem,    quam   luget   esse   ereptam   e    suis  faucibus; 


ging  with  audacity,  breathing  out  crime,  wickedly  plotting  the  ruin  of 
his  country,  continually  threatening  you  and  this  city  of  yours  with 
lire  and  sword  ;  we  have  at  least  followed  him  with  words  of  execra- 
tion and  reproach,  if  he  has  gone  of  his  own  accord.  He  has  gone, 
he  has  left,  he  has  got  off,  he  has  broke  away." 

1  Ipsis  r/ujenibus,  <fcc.     "  To  the  city  itself  within  its  own  walls." 

2  Ilia  sica,  &c.  "That  dagger  of  his  will  not  be  employed  in 
piercing  and  lacerating  our  very  sides."  Literally,  "among  our 
sides." 

3  Me  motus  est  loco.  "He  has  been  dislodged  from  his  advanta- 
geous position." 

4  Cum  hoste.     "  With  a  public  enemy." 

6  Ex  occultis,  &c.  • '  From  secret  haunts  of  treachery  into  an  open 
war  of  plunder  and  rapine." 

6  Quod  vero  non  extulit^  &c.  ' '  That  he  did  not  succeed  in  un- 
sheathing a  bloody  sword  among  us,  as  he  wished ;  that  he  has 
gone,  leaving  us  alive ;  that  we  have  wrenched  the  sword  from  him, 
out  of  his  very  hands  ;  that  he  has  left  the  citizens  safe  and  the  city 
standing  ;  with  how  much  grief  and  disappointment,  think  you,  is 
he  afflicted  and  cast  down  on  these  accounts." 

7  Perculsum  atque  abjectum.     "  A  stricken  and  worthless  object." 


126  ORATIO   II.    IN   CATTLINAM. 

1  quae  quidem  videtur  mihi  laetari,  quod  evomuerit  tan  tarn 
})estem  que  projecerit  foras. 

II.  At  si  est  quis  talis,  *  quales  oportebat  omnes  esse,  qui  in 
hoc  ipso,  in  quo  mea  oratio  exsultat  et  triumphat,  accuset 
me  vehementer,  quod  non  comprehenderim  tam  capitalem  hos- 
teni  potius,  quam  emiserini :  ista  non  est  mea  culpa,  Quiri- 
tes,  sed  [culpa]  temporum.  Jampridem  oportebat  L.  Cati- 
linam  interfectum  esse  et  affectum  gravissimo  supplicio  : 
8  que  id  et  mos  majorum  et  severitas  hujus  imperii,  et  res- 
publica  postulabat  a  me.  Sed  quam  multos  putatis  fuisse, 
qui  non  crederent,  *  quae  ego  deferrem  ?  Quam  multos, 
qui  6  non  putarent  propter  stultitiam  ?  Quam  multos  qui 
etiam  defenderent  ?  Quam  multos  qui  faverent  propter  im- 
probitatem?  6  Ac  si,  illo  sublato,  judicarem  omne  pericu- 
lum  depelli  aTvobis,  jampridem  ego  sustulissem  L.  Catilinam 
periculo  non  modo  meae  invidiae,  verum  etiam  vitae.  7  Sed 
quum  viderem,  re  ne  quidem  etiam  turn  probata  omnibus 
vobis,  si  multassem  ilium  morte,  ut  meritus  erat,  fore  ut,  op- 
pressus  invidia,  non  possem  persequi  ejus  socios  ;  deduxi  rem 
hue,  ut  possetis  turn  palam  pugnare,  quum  videretis  hostem 

1  Quae  refers  to  urbem. 

2  Quales  oportebat,  &c.  u  As  may  well  be  the  case  with  all  "  Qui 
in  hoc  ipso,  &c.  "  Who  in  this  very  matter  in  which  my  (present) 
speech  overflows  with  joy  and  triumph  charges  me  vehemently  with 
blame,  because,"  &c. 

3  Que  id.     "  And  that  course  of  proceeding." 

4  Quae  ego  deferrem.  "  The  allegations  I  made  "  against  these  con- 
spirators. 

5  Non  putarent,  &c.  "  Would  not  imagine  them  to  be  true  on  ac- 
count of  their  own  simplicity." 

6 Ac  si,  &c.  "And  still  if  on  his  being  despatched  T  could  have 
supposed  all  danger  would  be  warded  off  from  us,  I  would  long  ago 
have  put  to  death  Lucius  Catiline  at  the  peril  of  my  public  esteem 
(of  incurring  public  odium)  not  only,  but  even  of  life  itself." 

T  Sed  quum  viderem,  &c.  u  But  when  I  saw,  the  affair  (of  the  con- 
spiracy) not  having  been  as  yet  fully  ascertained  by  you  all,  if  I 
should  put  him  to  death,  as  he  deserved,  the  consequence  would  be 
that,  being  overwhelmed  myself  with  odium,  I  should  be  unable  to 
prosecute  his  confederates  ;  I  brought  matters  to  such  a  position 
that  you  might  be  able  to  maintain  an  open  conflict,  when  you 
should  see  an  open  enemy. " 


ORATIO     II.    IN     CATII.IXAM.  127 

aperte.  '  Quern  quidem  hostem,  Quirites,  quam  vd  in  neuter 
ego  paten  esse  timendmn  foris,  lioet  intelligatu  bine,  quod 
etiam  molesta  fero  illud,  quod  exierii  ex  urbe  parum  oomi- 

taius.  Utinara  ille  eduxiuet  srcum  oiunes  suas  cojiias  ! 
Kduxit  -  niihi  Tongillnm,  quoincorprrat  mare  in  3praetexta; 
[eduxit  etiam]  Publiciuin  et  M  unatium,  quorum  *  aes  alie- 
num  contractum  in  popina  poterat  afferre  nullum  molu in 
lvipublicae.  6  Quos  viros  reliquit!  quanto  aere  alienol 
quam  valentes  !  quam  nobiles  ! 

III.  Itaque  ego,  6  et  Gallicanis  legionibus  et  hoc  delectu, 
quern  Q.  Metellus  habuit  in  Piceno  et  Gallico  agro,  et  his  co- 
piis,  quae  quotidie  comparantur  a  nobis,  magnopere  con- 
temno  ilium  exercitum  collectum  ex  desperatis  senibus,  ex 
Tagresti  luxuria,  ex  rusticis  decoctoribus,  ex  iis,  qui  ma- 
luerunt  deserere  vadimonia  quam  ilium  exercitum  ;  quibus  si 
ostendero  non  modo  8  aciem  nostri  exercitus,  verum  etiam  si 
[ostendero] 9  edictum praetoris,  [illi]  concident.   Mallem  edux- 


1  Quern  quidem,  &c.  "  How  much  truly,  fellow- citizens,  I  think 
this  man  is  to  be  feared  as  a  public  enemy  abroad  you  can  readily 
understand  from  this  fact,  that  I  (am  even  disappointed  and)  cha- 
grined that  he  went  out  of  the  city  so  thinly  attended."  Literally, 
"  whom  indeed  as  a  public  enemy,  fellow-citizens,  how  much  I 
think  he  is  to  be  feared,"  &c. 

2  Mihi  is  hardly  translatable.  Literally,  "He  led  out  for  me  Ton- 
gillus,"  i.e.  "  He  took  out,  to  subserve  my  ridicule  and  animadver- 
sion, the  worthless  Tongillus."  Some  translate  "my  Tongillus," 
ironically. 

'■>  Pra'texto.     The  customary  dress  until  16.     "In  his  youth." 
4 Aes  alienum.     "Indebtedness."    Popina,   "Tavern."     So  small 
an  indebtedness  could  afford  no  motive  to  public  sedition  and  dis- 
turbance. 

6  Quos  viros.  "What  men  of  consequence  has  he  left  behind  ! 
with  how  large  an  indebtedness  !  How  influential !  of  what  distin- 
guished connections  V 

6  Et  Gallicanis,  <fec.  ' '  Both  on  account  of  the  regular  legions  in 
(Transalpine)  Gaul,  and  this  (recent)  levy  which  Q.  Metellus  had, 
&c GaUico.     Cisalpine  GauL" 

7  Agresti  luxuria.     "  Rustic  debauchery." 
6  Aciem.    "  The  array,"  military  order. 

9  Edictum  praetoris.  "  The  edict  of  the  praetor"  sequestering  or 
confiscating  their  estates.  Concident.  "  They  will  fall  prostrate." 
"  They  will  sink  to  the  earth  with  terror." 


128  ORATIO    II.    IN    CATILINAM. 

isset  secum  '  suos  milites  hos,  quos  video  volitare  in  foro, 
quos  [video]  stare  ad  curiam,  quos  [video]  etiam  venire  in 
senatum,  qui  nitent  nnguentis,  qui  fulgent  purpura  :  qui  si 
permanent  hie,  mementote  ilium  exercitum  non  [esse  per ti- 
mescendum]  nobis  tarn,  quam  hos,  qui  deseruerunt  exercitum, 
esse  pertiinescendos.  Atque  sunt  timendi  etiam  magis  hoc, 
quod  sentiunt  me  scire  quid  cogitent,  2neque  tamen  permoven- 
tur.  Video,  3  cui  Apulia  sit  attributa  quis  habeat  Etruriam, 
quis  Picenum  agrum,  quis  Gallicum,  quis  depoposcerit  sibi 
has  urbanas  insidias  caedis  atque  incendiorum.  Sentiunt 
4  omnia  consilia  superioris  noctis  perlata  esse  ad  me  ;  patefeci 
hesterno  die  in  senatu ;  Catilina  ipse  pertimuit,  profugit : 
Quid  hi  exspectant  ?  Nae  illi  vehementer  errant,  si  sperant 
illam  pristinam  lenitatem  meam  futuram  [esse]  perpetuam. 

IV.  8  Jam  assecutus  sum,  quod  exspectavi,  ut  vos  omnes 
videretis  conjurationem  esse  aperte  factam  contra  rempubli- 
cam.  6  Nisi  si  est  quis,  qui  putet  similes  Catilinae  non  sentire 
cum  Catilina.  Jam  non  est  locus  lenitati:  res  ipsa  flagitat 
severitatem.  Etiam  nunc  7  concedam  unum  :  exeant,  proti- 
ciscantur,  6  ne  patiantur  miserum  Catilinam  tabescere  desi- 
derio  sui.  Demonstrabo  iter  :  profectus  est  Aurelia  via.  Si 
volent  accelerare, 9  consequentur  [eum]  ad  vesperam.     O  for- 


1  Suos  milites.     "  As  his  soldiers." 

a  Neque  tamen  permoventur.     "  And  still  are  not  moved." 

3  Cui  Apulia,  &c.     "  To  whom  Apulia  has  been  assigned  "  as  his 

part  in  the  conspiracy Quis  depoposcerit,  &c,  "who  shall 

claim,  as  his  share,  this  city-plot  of  slaughter  and  incendiarism." 

4  Omnia  consilia,  &c.  "All  the  plans  of  that  former  night  (6  th 
Nov.)  have  been  brought  to  me." 

5 Jam  assecutus  sum,  &c.  "I  have  now  accomplished  what  I 
have  waited  for,"  &c. 

6  Nisi  si  quis,  &c.  ' '  Unless  there  is  any  one  who  thinks  that 
those  who  are  like  Catiline  (in  character)  do  not  agree  with  Catiline 
in  purposes  and  plans." 

7  Concedam  unum.  "I  will  make  one  concession"  to  the  con- 
spirators. 

8  Ne  patiantur,  &c.  "  Let  them  not  suffer  the  wretched  Catiline 
to  pine  with  sorrow  for  lack  of  their  presence  and  society." 

9  Consequentur  {eum).     "  They  will  overtake  him." 


ORATIO    II.    IN    CATII.INAM.  129 

iwnatam  rcmpublicam,  si  quidcm  ejecerit  *  lianc  scntinam 
hujua  urbifl!  'Catilina  uno,  mehercule,  exhausto,  respub- 
lica  videtur  mihi  [e8ae]  relevata  el  recreata.  Enim  quid 
niali  aut  Bceleria  potest  fiugi  aut  cogitari,  quod  ille  non  con- 
ceperit?  Quis  vtiuikus  iota  Italia,  quis  gladiator,  quis 
latro,  quis  sicarius,  quia  parridda,  quis  "  subjcctor  testamen- 
torum,  4  quis  circumscriptor,  quis  gaueo,  quis  nepos,  quis 
adulter,  quae  intamis  mulier,  quis  corruptor  juventutis,  quia 
corruptus,  quis  perditus  potest  inveniri,  qui  non  fateatur 
se  vixisse  familiarissime  cum  Catilina?  Quae  caedes  facta 
est  per  hosce  anaos  sine  illo  ?  Quod  nefarium  stuprum  non 
[factum  est]  per  ilium?  6  Jam  vero  quae  illecebra  juventu- 
tis fuit  unquam  tanta  in  ullo  homine  quanta  in  illo  ?  "  Qui 
ipse  amabat  alios  turpissime,  serviebat  amori  aliorum  flagiti- 
osissime,  pollicebatur  aliis  fructum  libidinum,  alios  mortem 
parentum,  non  modo  impellendo,  verum  etiam  adjuvando. 
Nunc  vero  quam  subito  collegerat  ingentem  numerum  per- 
ditorum  hominum  non  solum  ex  urbe,  verum  etiam  ex  agiis  ? 
Nemo  non  modo  Romae  sed  nee  in  ullo  angulo  totius  Italiae 
oppressus  fuit  aere  alieno,  quern  non  adsciverit  ad  hoc  in- 
credibile  foedus  sceleris. 

V.     7Atque   ut   possitis   perspicere  ejus   diversa  studia 


1  Hanc  sentinam,  &c.     "  This  scum  of  this  our  city." 

2  Catilina  uno.  "  Catiline  alone."  Exhausto.  Literally,  "Drawn 
off,"  removed  or  taken  away. 

8  Subjcctor  testamenioriun.     "  Forger  or  substitutor  of  wills." 

4  (Juis  eirctiinscriptor.  "  What  defrauder."  ....  Quis  nepos. 
"  What  profligate." 

5  Jam  vero,  &c.  "Nay,  more  ;  what  faculty  of  ensnaring  and 
corrupting  youth  was  ever  so  great  in  any  man  as  in  him." 

1  Qui  ipse  amabat.  "Inasmuch  as  he  himself  was  addicted  to 
base  affections,  he  subserved  the  base  passions  of  others  in  the  most 
shameless  manner.  He  promised  to  some  the  gratification  of  their 
lusts,  for  others  he  procured  the  violent  deaths  of  their  parents,  not 
only  by  impelling  them  to  the  murderous  act,  but  by  even  assisting 
them  in  it." 

7  At  que  ut  possitis,  &c.     "  And  that  you  may  be  able  to  perceive 
the  different  pursuits  of  the  man  under  a  diversified  aspect  and 
relation,"  &c. 
6* 


130  ORATIO    II.    IN   CATILINAM. 

in  dissimili  ratione,  est  nemo  in  gladiatorio  lndo  '  paullo 
audacior  ad  f acinus  qui  non  fateatur  se  esse  intimum  Cati- 
linae  ;  nemo  in  scena  2  levior  et  nequior,  qui  non  commemo- 
ret  se  fuisse  prope  sodalem  ejusdem.  3Atque  tamen  idem, 
assuefactus  exercitatione  stuprorum  et  scelerum,  praedicaba- 
tur  ab  istis  fortis  perferendis  frigore  et  fame  et  siti  et 
vigiliis,  quum  subsidia  industriae  atque  instrumenta  virtutis 
consumerentur  in  libidine  que  audacia.  Vero  si  sui  comites 
secuti  erunt  hunc  ;  si  flagitiosi  greges  desperatorum  homi- 
n um  exierint  ex  urbe  :  O  beatos  nos !  O  fortunatam  rem- 
publicam !  O  praeclaram  laudem  mei  consulatus  !  Enim 
jam  libidines  [istorum]  hominum  non  sunt  4  mediocres, 
audaciae  [non  sunt]  B  humanae  ac  tolerandae  :  cogitant  nihil 
nisi  caedes,  nisi  incendia,  nisi  rapinas  :  profuderunt  sua  patri- 
monial obligaverunt  suas  fortunas :  6res  jampridem  [defecit], 
fides  nuper  coepit  deficere  :  tamen  ilia  eadem  libido,  quae 
erat  in  abundantia,  permanet.  Quod  si  quaererent  solum 
comissationes  in  vino  et  alea,  et  scorta,  illi  essent  quidem 
desperandi,  sed  tamen  essent  ferendi.  Yero  quis  possit  ferre 
hoc,  ineites  homines  insidiari  fortissimis  viris,  stultissimos 
prudentissimis,  ebriosos  sobriis,  dormientes  vigilantibus  ? 
7  Qui  mihi  accubantes  in  conviviis,  complexi  impudicas 
mulieres,  languidi  vino,  conferti  cibo,  redimiti  sertis,  ob- 
liti  unguentis,  debilitati  stupris,  eructant   suis  sermonibus 


1  Paullo  audacior.     "  A  little  bolder  than  usual." 

2  Levior  et  nequior.     "  More  frivolous  and  worthless  than  usual." 

3  Atque  tamen  idem.  ' '  And  yet  this  same  man,  accustomed  as 
he  was  to  the  practice  of  debauchery  and  crime,  was  commonly 
boasted  of  by  those  (infamous)  companions  of  his  as  brave  in  endur- 
ing," &c.  .  :  .  .  Quum  subsidia,  &c.  'k  Although  the  resources  of 
industry  and  the  instruments  and  means  of  virtue  were  habitually 
consumed,"  &c. 

4  Mediocres.     "  Of  an  ordinary  character." 

5  Humanae  ac  tolerandae.     "■  (Simply)  human  and  endurable." 

6  Bes  jampridem,  &c.  "  Their  property  long  ago  (was  exhausted), 
and  tbeir  credit  of  late  has  begun  to  fail." 

7  Qui  mihi.  Literally,  "These  men  for  me,"  ironically  said; 
"  These  most  virtuous  men." 


ORATlo     II.    IX     CATII.INAM.  181 

modem  bononiin  atque  iiicendia  urbis.    '  Quibus  ego  confido 
aliquod  fatum  Lnipeiidere j  et  poenam  jamdiu  debitam  im 
probitati,  nequitiae,  sccleri,  libidini,  aut  jam  plane  instare 
aut  certe  appropinyiare.    Quos  si  me  us  consular  us,  quoniam 

nou  potest  sanaiv,  sustulerit,  '  propagarit  reipublioae  nou 
nescio  quod  breve  tempus,  sed  multa  secula.  Enini  est  nulla 
natio  quain  pcrtimescamus ;  nullus  rex,  qui  possit  facere 
bellum  Romano  populo.  Omnia  externa,  terra  que  ni;ui, 
sunt  pacata  virtute  3  unius  [viri]  ;  domesticum  bellum 
manet ;  sunt  insidiae  intus  ;  intus  periculum  est  inclusum  ; 
hostis  est  intus.  Certandum  est  nobis  cum  luxuria,  cum 
amentia,  cum  scelere.  Huic  bello,  Quirites,  ego  proiiteor 
me  [esse]  ducem;  4  suscipio  inimicitias  perditorum  hominum. 
Quae  poterunt  sanari,  sanabo  quacunque  ratione  :  quae  rese- 
canda  erunt,  non  patiar  mane  re  ad  perniciem  civitatis. 
Proinde  aut  exeant  aut  quiescant,  aut,  si  permanent,  et  in 
urbe  et  in  eadem  mente,  exspectent  ea,  quae  merentur. 

VI.  At  etiam  sunt  [ii],  Quirites,  qui  dicant  Catilinam 
ejectum  esse  a  me  in  exsilium.  Quod  si  possem  5  assequi 
verbo,  ejicerem  istos  ipsos,  qui  loquuntur  haec.  Homo 
timidus  videlicet  aut  etiam  permodestus  non  potuit  ferre 
vocem  consulis ;  simul  atque  j  ussus  est  ire  in  exsilium 
paruit,  ivit.  Hesterno  die,  quum  essem  poene  interfectus, 
convocavi  senatum  in  Aedem  Jo  vis  Statoris  ;  detuli  omnem 
rem  ad  Patres  Conscriptos.  Quo  quum  Catilina  venisset, 
quis  Senator  appellavit  eum?  Quis  salutavit  ?  Quis  denique 
adspexit  [eum]  6ita  ut  perditum  civem,  ac  non  potius  ut 

1  Quibus  ego,  &c.  "  Over  whom  I  trust  some  suitable  fate  is  im- 
pending'," .  .  .  .  et  poenam,  &c.,  "and  the  punishment  long  since 
due,"  &c. 

-  Propagarit,  &c.  "It  will  prolong  the  life  of  the  republic  not 
for  a  short  time  only,  but  for  many  ages."  Literally,  "  It  will  add 
to  the  republic  not  some  short  period,"  &c 

3  Unius  [viri].     Pompey. 

4  Suscipio.     "  I  court  or  assume." 

6  Assequi  verbo.     "  Accomplish  this  by  a  word." 
G  Ita  ut  perditum.     "As  an  abandoned  citizen  simply,  and  not 
rather  as  a  most  dangerous  public  enemy." 


132  ORATIO    n.    IN    CATILINAM. 

importunissimum  hostem  ?  Quinetiam  principes  ejus  ordi- 
nis  reliquerunt  nudam  atque  inanem  illam  partem  subsel- 
liorum,  ad  quara  ille  accesserat.  Hie  ego  ille  vehemens 
consul,  qui  ejicio  cives  verbo  in  exsilium,  quaesivi  a  Catilina, 
an  [ille]  fuisset  nocturno  conventu  apud  M.  Laecam  necne. 
Quum  ille,  audacissimus  homo,  convictus  conscientia,  primo 
reticuisset,  patefeci  cetera  ;  edocui  quid  egisset  ea  nocte,  quid 
constituisset  proxima  [nocte],  r  quemadmodum  ratio  totius 
belli  esset  descripta  ei.  Quum  hesitaret,  quum  2  tenere- 
tur,  quaesivi  quid  dubitaret  proficisci  eo,  quo  jampridem 
pararet  (ire) :  3  quum  scirem  arma,  quum  secures,  quum 
fasces,  quum  tubas,  quum  militaria  signa,  quum  illam  argen- 
team  aquilam,  cui  ille  fecerat  etiam  sacrarium  scelerum 
suae  domi,  esse  praemissam.  4  Ejiciebam  in  exsilium  [ilium], 
quern  videbam  jam  ingressum  esse  in  bellum?  Etenim, 
5  credo,  iste  centurio  Manlius,  qui  posuit  castra  in  Faesulano 
agro,  indixit  bellum  Romano  populo  6  suo  nomine ;  et  ilia 
castra  non  nunc  exspectant  Catilinam  ducem,  et  ille,  ejectus 
in  exsilium,  conferet  se  Massiliam,  ut  aiunt,  non  in  haec 
castra. 

VII.  O  miseram  conditionem  non  modo  administrandae, 
verum  etiam  conservandae  reipublicae  !  Nunc  si  L.  Cati- 
lina,  circumclusus  ac  debilitatus  meis  consiliis,  laboribus, 
periculis,  7  subito  pertimuerit,  mutaverit  sententiam,  deseru- 
erit  suos,  abjecerit  consilium  faciundi  belli,  converterit  iter 
ex  hoc  cursu  sceleris  et  belli  ad  fugam  atque  in  exsilium, 


1  Quemadmodum  ratio,  &c.  ' '  In  what  manner  the  scheme  of 
the  whole  war  had  been  planned  by  him." 

2  Teneretur,  sc.  silentio.     "  When  he  was  silent  or  speechless." 

3  Quum  scirem.     "  Inasmuch  as  I  knew,"  &c. 

4  Ejiciebam,  &c.     "  Did  I  banish  into  exile,"  &c. 

5  Credo.     "  I  suppose  ;  "  ironical. 

6  Suo  nomine.  ' '  In  his  own  name  "  (and  under  his  own  respon- 
sibility). 

T  Subito  'pertimuerit.  "Shall  suddenly  become  intimidated;" 
....  abjecerit  consilium,  "  shall  abandon  his  design  of  making 
war."      — 


ORATIO   II.    IN   CATILINAM.  L8I 

• 
iHe  non  dicetur  esse  '  spoliatus  a  me  armis  audaciae,  non  ob- 
stupefactus  ac  perterritus  mea  diligentia,  non  depulsus  <lo 
Bpe  que  oonatu.  Bed  indcmnatus,  innocensejectus  in  exsilium 
a  consuls  vi  et  minis:  et  Brunt  [homines],  qui  velint  ilium 
niiaii,  si  feoerit  hoc,  non  improbura  sed  miserum,  mo 
(cxistiiiKiii)  non  diligenttadmtUQ  consulem,  sed  crudelissi- 
niuni  tynuiiium.  '"'  Kst  niilii  tanti,  Quirites,  subire  tempes- 
tatcm  1  in  jus  falsae  atque  iniquae  invidiae,  dummodo  pericu- 
luni  hujus  honibilis  ac  nefarii  belli  depellatur  a  vobis. 
'Dicatur  sane  esse  ejectus  a  me,  dummodo  eat  in  exsilium. 
Sed  credite  mini,  non  est  iturus.  Nunquam  ego  optabo  a 
immortalibus  diis,  Quirites,  *  causa  levandae  meae  invidiae, 
ut  audiatis  L.  Catilinam  ducere  exercitum  hostium  atque 
volitare  in  armis ;  sed  tamen  audietis  triduo :  que  timeo 
multo  magis  illud,  6  ne  sit  invidiosum  mihi  aliquando,  quod 
emiserim  ilium  potius,  quam  quod  ejecerim  [in  exsilium]. 
Sed  quum  sunt  homines,  qui  dicant  ilium,  quum  sit  profectus, 
esse  ejectum  [in  exsilium],  quid  iidem  dicerent,  si  interfectus 
esset.  Quamquam  isti,  qui  dictitant  Catilinam  ire  Massiliam 
1  non  tarn  queruntur  hoc,  quam  verentur.  Est  nemo  istorum 
tam  misericors,  qui  non  malit  ilium  ire  ad  Manlium,  quam 
ad  Massilienses.     7  Ille  autem,  si  mehercule  nunquam  ante 


1  Spoliatus.     ' '  Stripped. ' ' 

2  Est  mihi  tanti.  "It  is  of  so  much  account  to  me,"  probably 
with  a  gesture  of  contempt  or  indifference;  i.e.,  "It  is  of  little 
moment  to  me." 

3  Dicatur.     "  Let  it  be  alleged." 

4  Causa  levandae,  &c.  "  For  the  sake  of  mitigating  public  odium 
against  myself." 

5  Ne  sit  invidiosum,  &c.  "  That  it  may  be  a  matter  of  reproach 
and  impeachment  against  me  at  a  future  day."  ....  Quod  emi- 
si  rim.  ' '  That  I  let  him  go "  at  all  to  prosecute  his  rebellious 
phins,  i.e. ,  That  I  did  not  put  him  to  death. 

Non  tam  queruntur.  "  Do  not  so  much  in  reality  complain  of 
this,  as  fear  it  may  be  the  case."  Their  real  wish  is  that  he  may 
go  to  Manlius.     They  are  in  the  conspiracy  themselves. 

7  Ille  autem,  &c.  "As  for  Catiline  himself,  if  he  had  never 
before  meditated  this  which  he  is  now  doing,  i.e.,  conspiring 
against  his  country,  he  would,  nevertheless  (such  is  his  character), 


1 31  ORATIO    IT.    IX    CATILINAM. 

cogitasset  hoc,  quod  agit,  tamen  mallet  se  interfici  latro- 
cinantem,  quam  vivere  exsulem.  Nunc  vero,  quum  nihil 
adhuc  acciderit  ei  praeter  ipsius  voluntatem  que  cogitatio- 
nem,  nisi  quod  profectus  est  Roma  nobis  vivis,  optemus 
potius,  quam  quaeramur,  ut  eat  in  exsilium. 

VIII.  Sed  cur  loquimur  tamdiu  de  uno  hoste,  et  de  eo 
hoste,  qui  jam  fatetur  se  esse  hostem  et  quern  non  timeo 
1  quia  mums  interest,  quod  semper  volui :  de  his,  qui  dissim- 
ulant,  qui  remanent  Komae,  qui  sunt  cum  nobis,  dicimus 
nihil  ?  Quos  quidem  ego,  si  possit  fieri  ullo  modo,  studeo 
non  tarn  ulcisci,  quam  sanare  et  placare  ipsos  reipublicae ; 
neque  intelligo  quare  id  non  possit  fieri,  si  volent  audire  me. 
Enim  exponam  vobis,  Quirites,  2  ex  quibus  generibus  homi- 
num  istae  copiae  comparentur  :  deinde  afferam  singulis  me- 
dicinam  [mei]  consilii  atque  meae  orationis,  si  potero  [af- 
ferre  ali-]quam.  Unum  genus  est  eorum,  3  qui  in  magno 
aere  alieno  habent  etiam  majores  possessiones,  adducti  amore 
quarum  possunt  nullo  modo  dissolvi  [ab  iisclem].  *  Species 
horuni  hominum  est  honestissima ;  enim  sunt  locupletes  : 
vero  voluntas  et  causa  impudentissima.  5  Tu  ornatus  et 
copiosus  sis  agris,  tu  aedificiis,  tu  argento,  tu  familia,  tu 
omnibus    rebus,   et  dubites    detrahere    de    possessione,   ac- 


prefer  to  be  slain  making  an  infamous  war  of  plunder  and  robbery, 
rather  than  live  in  a  condition  of  exile." 

1  Quia  ?nurus  interest,  &c.  l '  Because  a  wall  is  interposed  be- 
tween us,  as  I  have  always  wished." 

2  Ex  quibus  generibus,  &c.  •  "  From  what  classes  of  men  those 
infamous  forces  of  Catiline  are  obtained." 

3  Qui  in  magno  aere  alieno,  &c.  "  Who  in  connection  with  a  large 
indebtedness  have  still  larger  possessions,  influenced  by  the  love  of 
which  they  can  in  no  way  be  parted  from  them. " 

'  Species  lwrum  Iwminum,   &c.      "  The  outward  appearance  of 

these  men  is  highly  reputable Vero  voluntas,  &c.     "But 

their  purpose  and  the  cause  they  have  espoused  are  to  the  last  de- 
gree shameless ." 

5  Tu  oiiiatus  et  copiosus,  &c.  In  addressing  such  persons  individ- 
ually I  would  say  :   ' '  Thou  art  furnished  with  and  even  abound  in 

lands,  houses,  &c and  dost  thou  refuse  to  take  (something) 

from  thy  property  in  order  to  add  to  thy  credit  ?  " 


ORATIO   II.    IN   CATILINAM.  135 

quirere&dfidemf  Enim  quid  exspectas?  Bellum?  'Quid? 
i  putas  in  vastatione  omnium,  tuaa  possessiones  [esse] 
iuturas  sacrosanctas?  An  [exspectas]  novas  tabulas?  Er- 
rant, qui  exspeetanl  i.stas  a  Catilina.  a  Meo  beneficio  novae 
tabulae  proferentur,  verum  [erunt]  auctionariae.  Enim 
neque  isti,  qui  habent  possessiones,  possunt  esse  salvi  alia 
3  alia  ratione.  *  Quod  si  voluissent  facere  maturius  neque  (id 
quod  est  stultissimum)  certare  cum  usuris  fructibus  prae- 
diorum,  uteremus  bis  et  locupletioribus  et  melioribus  civi- 
bus.  Sed  puto  hosce  homines  mininie  pertimescendos  [esse], 
quod  possunt  6  aut  deduci  de  sententia ;  aut,  si  permane- 
bunt,  videntur  niihi  "  facturi  vota  contra  rempublicam,  magis 
quam  laturi  arma. 

IX.  Alterum  genus  est  eorum,  qui,  quamquam  premuntur 
aere  alieno,  tamen  exspectant  dominationem,  volunt  7  potiri 
rerum,  arbitrantur  se  posse  consequi  perturbata  [repub- 
lica]  honores,  quos  desperant  [consequi]  quieta  republica. 
8  Quibus  hoc  videtur  praecipiendum,  scilicet  unum  et  idem 
quod  [est  praecipiendum]  omnibus  reliquis,  ut  desperent  so 
posse  consequi  id  quod  conantur :  primum  omnium,  me  ip- 
sum  vigilare,  adesse,  providere  reipublicae ;  deinde  esse  in 

1  Quid?  Ergo  putas,  &c.  "  What !  do  you  then  think  that  in  the 
general  devastation  your  possessions  will  be  held  sacred  ?  .  .  .  .  An 
[extpeetas]  nova*  taSuUut  "Do  you  expect  a  cancelling  of  debts?" 
Tablets  of  wax  became  new  when  the  marks  on  them  were  effaced, 
and  hence  the  expression  tabulae  novae. 

2 Meo  beneficio,  &c.  "Through  my  favor  and  indulgence  new 
tables  shall  be  brought  forward,  but  they  will  be  the  registers  of 
the  auctioneer." 

3  Alia  rations,     "  On  any  other  condition." 

4  Quod  si  voluissent,  &c.  "  Had  they  been  willing  to  do  this  at  an 
earlier  period  instead  of  foolishly  striving  to  meet  their  engagements 
with  the  annual  products  of  their  farms,  we  should  now  have  in 
these  persons  both  a  richer  and  a  better  class  of  citizens." 

6 Aut  deduci  de  sententia.  "Either  be  drawn  away  from  their 
present  views,"  i.e.,  "be  led  to  change  them." 

6  Facturi  vota,  &c.  "  Utter  prayers  or  curses  against  the  repub- 
lic merely  rather  than  to  bear  arms  against  it. " 

T  Potiri  rerum.     i '  Obtain  power. " 

8  Quibus  hoc  videtur,  &c.  u  To  these  persons  it  seems  proper  to 
be  said,  the  same  that  ought  to  be  said  to  all  the  rest,"  &c. 


136  ORATTO   n.    IN   CATILINAM. 

bonis  viris  '  magnos  animos,  magnam  concordiam,  maximam 
multitudinem,  inagnas  copias  praeterea  militum ;  denique 
immortales  deos  2ji)raesentes  esse  laturos  auxilium  contra  tan- 
tam  vim  sceleris  liuic  invicto  populo,  clarissimo  imperio,  pul- 
cherrimae  urbi.  Quod  si  jam  adepti  sint  id,  quod  cupiunt 
cum  summo  furore,  num  illi  sperant  se,  in  cinere  urbis  et  in 
sanguine  civium,  3  quae  concupierunt  scelerata  ac  nefaria 
mente,  [esse]  futuros  consules,  aut  dictatores  aut  etiam 
reges  ?  Non  vident  se  cupere  id,  quod  si  adepti  sint,  necesse 
sit  [idem]  concedi  4  alicui  fugitivo  aut  gladiatori  ?  Tertium 
genus  est  jam  6  affectum  aetate,  sed  tarn  en  robustum  exerci- 
tatione  :  ex  quo  genere  est  iste  Manlius,  cui  nunc  Catilina 
6  succedit.  Hi  sunt  homines  ex  iis  coloniis  quas  Sylla  con- 
stituit  Faesulis :  quas  ego  sentio  7  universas  esse  optimorum 
et  fortissimorum  virorum  ;  sed  tamen  hi  sunt  coloni,  qui 
jactarunt  se  sumptuosius  que  insolentius  8  in  insperatis  ac 
repentinis  pecuniis.  Dura  hi  aedificant,  9  tamquam  beati, 
dum  delectantur  praediis,  lecticis,  magnis  familiis,  apparatis 
conviviis,  inciderunt  in  tantum  aes  alienum  ut,  si  velint  estfe 
salvi,  10  Sulla  sit  excitandus  iis  abinferis.  Qui  etiam  impu- 
lerunt  nonnullos  agrestes,  tenues  atque  egentes  homines,  in 
illam  eandera  spem  veterum  rapinarum  ;  quos  ego,  Quirites, 
pono  in  eodem  genere  praedatorum  que   direptorum.      Sed 

1  Magnos  animos.     ' '  Great  resolution. " 

2  Praesentes.     ' '  In  person. " 

3  Quae  concupierunt,  &c.  "A  state  of  things  which  they  have 
longed  for  with  a  wicked  and  impious  mind." 

4  Alicui  fugitivo,  &c.  "  To  any  and  every  fugitive  (from  justice) 
and  gladiator." 

5  Affectum  aetate,  &c.  "  Advanced  in  life,  but  nevertheless  still 
vigorous  from  habitual  exercise." 

6 Succedit.     "Has  gone." 

T  Universas.     "As  a  class  or  collectively." 

8  In  insperatis  ac  repentinis  pecuniis.  **  In  the  midst  of,  or  in  con- 
sequence of,  unlooked  for  and  sudden  riches." 

9  Tamquam  beati.  "As  if  they  were  now  really  wealthy."  .... 
Magnis  familiis.      "Large  number  of  slaves." 

10  Sytia  sit  excitandus,  &c.  "  Sylla  must  be  raised  from  the  dead 
for  them,"  for  their  benefit,  i.e.,  in  order  to  supply  their  wants  by 
new  confiscations  of  property. 


110    II.    IX    (WTII.IXAM.  13? 

liionoo  eos  hoc  :  deainanl  furore,  el  oogifcare  proscriptiones  et 
dictaturas.     '  Enim  tantus  dolor  iUorum  teinporum  inustus 

est  civitati,  m  jam  Qon  modo  homines,  sed  ne  quideni  pe- 
cudes  videantur  mihi  esse  passurao  ista  [tempo raj. 

X.  Quartum  genus  est  sane  Valium  et  mixtum  et  tmlm- 
lentum;  quijampridem  'premuntur,  qui  nunqu&m  emergent; 
qui  partim  inertia,  partim  male  gerendo  negotio,  partim 
etiam  samptibus  '  vacillant  in  vetere  aere  alieno ;  qui 
defatigatd  vadimoniis,  judiciis,  proscriptionibus  bonorum, 
4  dicuntur  permulti  et  ex  urbe  et  ex  agris  conferre  se  in 
ilia  castra.  Ego  arbitror  hosce  esse  non  tain  acres  milites, 
quam  6  lentos  infitiatores.  6  Qui  homines,  primum,  si  non 
possunt  stare,  corruant :  sed  ita,  ut  non  modo  civitas,  sed  ne 
quidem  proximi  vicini  sentiant.  Nam  non  intelligo  illud, 
quamobrem,  si  non  possunt  vivere  lioneste,  velint  perire  tur- 
1  liter,  aut  cur  arbitrenter  se  perituros  [esse]  'minore  dolore 
cum  mnltis,  qnam  si  pereant  soli.  Quintum  genus  est  parrici- 
daruni,  sicariorum,  denique  omnium  facinorosorum,  quos  ego 
non  revoco  a  Catilina ;  nam  neque  possunt  divelli  ab  eo,  et 
8  pereant  sane  in  latrocinio,  quoniam  snnt  ita  niulti,  ut  career 
non  possit  capere  eos.  fl  Postremum  genus  autem,  non 
solum  [postremum]  numero,  verum  etiam  ipso  genere  atque 
vita,  est,  quod  est  proprium  Catilinae,  de  ejus  delectu,  imnio 

1  En  l m  tantus  dolor,  &c.  "  Such  a  painful  remembrance  of  those 
times £as  been  impressed,"  literally,  "burnt  in  or  branded  upon 
the  state,"  &0. 

3 Premuntur.     "  Are  weighed  down  with  misfortunes." 

3  Vacillant,  &c.     l '  Reel  and  stagg-er  under  a  load  of  debt. " 

4  Dicuntur  permulti.     "  Are  reported  in  large  numbers." 
6  Lentos  infitiatores.     "  Slack  and  tardy  debtors." 

6  Qui  homines,  &c.  "  These  men,  to  begin  with,  (I  say)  if  they 
cannot  stand,  let  them  fall "  . .  .  .  Ne .  .  sentiant.    "  May  not  feel  it." 

7  Minore  dolore  cum  multis.  "With  less  pain  in  conjunction  with 
many." 

8  Pereant  sane  in  latrocinio.  "  Let  them  perish  by  all  means  in 
their  wicked  enterprise  of  robbery  and  plunder."  ....  Ut  career, 
&c.     "  As  no  prison  can  hold  them  all." 

9  Postremum  genus,  &c.  "  The  last  class,  last  or  lowest  not  only  in 
number,  but  also  in  character  and  life,  is  that  which  is  peculiar  to 
Catiline,"  or  the  same  as  that  to  which  Catiline  belongs. 


138  ORATIO    II.    IN    CATILINAM. 

vero,  de  ejus  complexu  ac  sinu ;  quos  videtis  '  pexo  capillo, 
nitidos,  aut  imberbes  aut  bene  barbatos,  manicatis  et  talari- 
bus  tunicis,  amictos  velis,  non  togis  ;  quorum  omnia  indus- 
tria  vitae,  et  labor  vigilandi  2  expromitur  in  antelucanis 
coenis.  In  his  gregibus  onmes  aleatores,  omnes  adulteri, 
omnes  impuri  que  impudici  versantnr.  Hi  pueri  tarn  lepidi 
ac  delicati  didicerunt  3  non  solum  amare  et  amari,  neque 
cantare  et  psallere,  sed  etiam  vibrare  sicas  et  spargere 
venena ;  nisi  qui  exeunt,  nisi  pereunt,  4  etiam  si  Catilina 
perierit,  scitote  hoc  futurum  [esse]  Catilinarium  seminarium 
in  republica.  Yerum  tamen  quid  isti  mise|ri  volunt  sibi? 
Num  ducturi  sunt  secum  suas  mulierculas  in  castra? 
Quemadmodum  autem  poterunt  carere  illis,  praesertim  jam 
his  noctibus  ?  6  Quo  pacto  autem  illi  perferent  Apenninum 
atque  illas  pruinas  ac  nives  ?  Nisi  putant  se  toleraturos 
[esse]  hiemem  facilius  idcirco,  quod  didicerunt  saltare  nudi 
in  conviviis. 

XI.  O  bellum  magnopere  pertimescendum,  quum  Cati- 
lina habiturus  sit  hanc  praetoriam  cohortem  scortorum ! 
Instruite  nunc,  Quirites,  contra  has  tarn  praeclaras  copias 
Catilinae  vestra  praesidia,  que  vestros  exercitus  ;  et  primum 
opponite  illi  gladiatori  confecto  et  saucio  vestros  consules 
que  imperatores :  deinde  contra  illam  ejectam  ac  debilitatam 
manum  naufragorum  educite  florem  ac  robur  totius  It^aliae. 
Jam  vero  6urbes  coloniarum  ac  municipiorum  respondebunt 

A 
" ' 9 

1  Pexo  capiUo.  "With  smoothly  combed  locks."  Manicatis  et 
taltiribus  tunicis.  "  With  tunics  long-sleeved  and  reaching-  to  the 
ankles."  Amictos  velis  non  togis.  "  Clothed  in  loose  and  attenuated 
veils  and  not  in  togas." 

2  Expromitur \  &c.  ' '  Is  displayed  in  suppers  protracted  to  day- 
break." 

3  Non  solum.  .  ,  neque,     ' '  Not  only  ....  nor  yet  alone. " 

4  Etiam  si  Catilina,  &c.  ' '  Even  if  Catiline  should  perish,  be  as- 
sured that  this  would  prove  a  very  school  and  hot-house  of  Catilines 
within  the  republic." 

5  Quo  pacto  autem,  &c.  "  How  will  they  possibly  endure,  more- 
over, the  Apennine  range,  and  tbe  frosts  and  snows  that  are  there  ?  " 
lllas  has  a  demonstrative  and  adverbial  force. 

6  Tiroes  coloniarum  ac  municipiorum,  <&c.     "  The  colonial  and  mu- 


ORATIO    II.    IN    CATILINAM.  139 

silvesh-ibus  euinulis  ( 'atilinae.  '  Neque  vero  debeo  confen-e 
[vestras|  ecteras  OOpiftB,  veslra  ornainenta,  praesidia,  cum 
inopia  atque  egestate  illius  latronia.  Bed  si,  omnibus  liis 
rtebua  omiasis,  quibua  "noa  Buppeditamur,  ille  eget,  senatu, 
Romania  equitibus,  j><>|>ul<»,  itrbe,  aerario,  rectigalibus, 
cuiu-ia  1  talia,  (Miinii)us  provinoiia,  exteria  nat Lonibua ;  si,  hia 
rebus  omissis,  vidimus  'contendere  fausas  ipsas,  quae  con- 
fligunt  inter  se :  ex  eo  ipso  possumus  intelligent  4quam 
valde  illi  jaceant.  6Enim  ex  hac  parte  [est]  pndor,  illinc 
petulantia:  hinc  pudicitia,  illinc  stuprum  ;  hinc  tides,  illinc 
traiulatio:  liinc  pietas,  illinc  scelus  :  hinc  constantia,  illinc 
furor:  hinc  honestas,  illinc  turpitude- :  hinc  continent ia, 
illinc  libido  :  denique  equitas,  temperantia,  fortitudo,  pru- 
dentia,  omnes  virtutes,  certant  cum  iniquitate,  luxuria, 
ignavia,  temeritate,  cum  omnibus  vitiis;  postremo  copia 
con tligit  cum  egestate,  6  bona  ratio  cum  perdita  [rations J, 
sana  mens  cum  amentia,  denique  bona  spes  cum  desperatione 
omnium  rerum.  In  certamine  ac  proelio  hujus-modi, 
'etiamsi  studia  hominum  deficiant,  nonne  Dii  immortates 


nicipal  cities  will  respond  in  warfare,  will  be  more  than  match  for 
the  rude  and  undisciplined  masses  of  Catiline." 

-"  1  Neque  vero  debeo,  &c.  u  Nor  indeed  ought  I  to  compare  your 
other  resources,  your  supplies  and  defences,  with  the  need  and  des- 
titution of  that  freebooter. " 

*Nos  suppeditamur,  iUe  eget.  "With  which  we  are  furnished 
and  he  is  in  want  of." 

3  Contendere  causas  ipsas.    ' '  To  contrast  the  causes  themselves. ' ' 

4  Quam  aide  illi  jaceant.  "How  very  low  they  lie."  "How 
prostrate  and  abject  is  their  condition." 

1  Enim  ex  hoc  parte,  &c.  "  For  on  this  side  is  decorum,  on  that 
effrontery  ;  on  this  side  chastity,  on  that  debauchery ;  on  this  side 
probity,  on  that  dishonesty  ;  on  this  side  goodness,  on  that  crime  ; 
on  this  side  stability,  on  that  madness  ;  on  this  side  esteem,  on  that 
disgrace  ;  on  this  side  restraint,  on  that  licentiousness ;  in  fine, 
equity,  temperance,  fortitude,  prudence,  all  the  virtues,  are  in  con- 
flict with  injustice,"  &c. 

6  Bona  ratio  cum  perdita  [ratione] .  ' '  Sound  judgment  with 
folly."  "Lost  reason."  Sana  mens  cum  amentia.  "  Sanity  with 
madness." 

Etiamsi  BtudkL  lnminumy  &c.     "  Even  though  the  zealous  exer- 
tions of  men  should  be  relaxed,  would  not  the  immortal  gods  them- 


140  ORATIO   II.    IN   CATILIKAM. 

ipsi  cogent  tot  et  tanta  vitia  superari  ab  his  praeclarissimis 
virtutibus  ? 

XII.  Quum  quae  ita  sint,  Quirites,  vos,  queniadmoclum 
jam  antea  [fecistis],  defendite  vestra  tecta  custocliis  que 
vigiliis :  '  consultum  atque  provisum  est  mild,  ut  esset  satis 
praesidii  urbi  sine  vestro  motu  ac  sine  ullo  tumultu.  Omnes 
vestri  coloni  que  municipes,  facti  certiores  a  me  de  hac 
nocturna  excursione  Catilinae,  facile  defendent  suas  urbes 
que  fines  :  gladiatores,  quam  ille  putavit  fore  2  certissimam 
manum  sibi,  quamquam  sunt  3meliore  animo,  quam  pars 
patriciorum,  tamen  continebuntur  nostra  potestate.  Q.  Me- 
tellus,  quern  ego  4  prospiciens  hoc  praemisi  in  Gallicum  que 
Picenum  agrum,  aut  opprimet  hominem  aut  5prohibebit 
omnes  ejus  motus  que  conatus.  6  Autem  de  constituendis, 
maturandis,  agendis  reliquis  rebus  jam  referemus  ad  senatum, 
quern  videtis  vocari.  7  Nunc  illos,  qui  remanserunt  in  urbe 
atque  adeo  qui  relicti  sunt  in  urbe  a  Catilina  contra  salutem 
urbis  que  omnium  nostrum,  quamquam  sunt  hostes,  tamen 
quia  sunt  nati  cives,  volo  eos  monitos  [esse]  etiarn  atque 
etiam.  Si  mea  lenitas  adhuc  visa  est  cui  8  solutior,  exspectavit 
hoc,  ut  id,  quod  latebat,  erumperet.  Quod  est  reliquum, 
non  jam  possum   oblivisci   hanc   esse  meam  patriam,    me 


selves  so  order  it  that  so  many   and   so  great  crimes   should  be 
vanquished  and  overcome  by  these  most  distinguished  virtues  ?  " 

1  Consultum  atque  provismn  est  mihi.  "  Counsel  has  been  taken 
and  provision  made  by  me." 

2  Certissimam  manum  sibi.  "  A  most  reliable  band  or  body  for 
himself." 

3  Melioj'e  animo.     "  Better  disposed ;  "  of  a  better  mind. 
*  Prospiciens  hoc.     "  Foreseeing  this  crisis." 

5  Prohibebit  omnes.  ' '  Will  intercept  all  his  movements  and  en- 
deavors. " 

6 Autem  de  constituendis,  &c.  "Moreover  for  the  adjustment, 
facilitation  and  performance  of  remaining  matters,  we  will  now  con- 
sult the  senate,  which  you  perceive  to  be  already  summoned." 

''Nunc  illos,  &c.     "  Now  as  regards  those  who  have  remained  in 

the   city   and,  in  fact,  have   been  left  behind,"   &c Iwstes, 

"Public  enemies."    Etiam  atque  etiarn,  "  again  and  again." 

8  Solutior.  "  Too  relaxed."  Exspectavit  hoc.  "  It  has  waited  for 
this." 


OEATIO   U.    IN   CATILINAM.  141 

esse  consulem  horum,  aut  esse  vivendum  mihi  cum  his  aut 
pro  his  morienduHL  Est  nullus  custos  portis,  nullus  insidia- 
tor  viae  :  si  qui  volunt  exire,  possum  conuivere :  '  vero  qui 
connuoverit  se  in  urbc,  cujus  factum  non  modo,  sed  ullum 
iiiceptum  ve  conatum  contra  patriam  ego  deprehendero, 
sentient  esse  in  hac  urbe  vigilantes  consules,  esse  egregios 
magistratus,  esse  fortem  senatum,  esse  arma,  esse  carcerem, 
<iucm  nostri  majores  voluerunt  esse  2  vindicem  nefariorum 
ac  manifestorum  scelerum. 

XIII.  Atque  omnia  haec  sic  agentur,  Quirites, 3  ut  maximae 
res  [sedentur]  minimo  motu,  summa  pericula  nullo  tumultu, 
intestinum  ac  domesticum  bellum  crudelissimum  et  maxi- 
mum post  memoriam  hominum  sedetur  me  uno  togato  duce  et 
imperatore.  Quod  ego  sic  administrabo,  Quirites,  4ut,  si 
poterit  fieri  ullo  modo,  ne  quidem  quisquam  improbus  in  hac 
urbe  sufferat  poenam  sui  sceleris.  Sed  si  vis  manifestae 
audaciae,  si  impendens  periculum  patriae  5  deduxerit  me 
necessario  de  hac  lenitate  animi,  profecto  perficiam  illud, 
quod  in  tanto  et  tarn  insidioso  bello  vix  videtur  optandum, 
ut  neque  quisquam  bonus  intereat,  que,  6  poena  paucorum, 
vos  omnes  jam  possitis  esse  salvi.  Quae  quidem  ego  polli- 
ceor  vobis,  Quirites,  fretus  neque  mea  prudentia  neque 
humanis  consiliis  ;  sed  multis  et  non  dubiis  significationibus 


1  Vera  qui  commoverit  se,  &c.  "  But  if  any  one  shall  stir  within 
the  city  (with  criminal  designs)  and  I  shall  detect  his  overt  act  not 
merely,  but  any  incipient  purpose  or  attempt  against  the  country, 
he  shall  be  made  to  feel,"  &c. 

2  Yin  '•.//.  &a  "  An  avenging  agency  (for  the  punishment)  of 
infamous  aad  detected  crimes." 

3  Ut  maximae  res  {sedentur},  &c.  "  That  the  most  important  mat- 
ters may  be  adjusted  with  the  least  possible  disturbance,  the  greatest 
perils  suppressed  with  no  public  tumult,  an  intestine  and  domestic 
war,  the  most  cruel  and  momentous  since  the  memory  of  man,  sub- 
dued, with  me  only  as  leader  and  commander,  and  that  too  when 
arrayed  in  the  garb  and  habiliments  of  peace." 

*  Ut,  M  poterit.     "  That,  if  it  can  possibly  be  done." 
6  Deilu.n  Hi  me,  &c.     u  Shall  draw  me  away  from,  or  constrain 
me  to  relinquish,  this  clemency  of  purpose. " 

c  Poena  pauevrum.     ' '  By  the  punishment  of  a  few  only." 


142  ORATIO    II.    IN    CATILINAM. 

immortalium  deorum,  *  quibus  ducibus  ego  ingressus  sum 
in  hanc  spem  et  sententiam  :  3  qui  non  jam  procul  [defendunt 
nos],  ut  quondam  solebant,  ab  externo  atque  longinquo 
lioste,  sed  hie  praesentes  suo  uumine  atque  auxilio  defendunt 
sua  templa  atque  tecta  urbis  ;  quos  vos,  Quirites,  debetis 
precari,  venerari  atque  implorare,  3  ut  quam  urbem  voluerunt 
esse  pulcherrimam,  fiorentissimam  que  potentissimam,  hanc 
defendant,  omnibus  copiis  hostium  terra  que  mari  superatis, 
a  nefario  scelere  perditissimorum  civium. 


1  Quibus  ducibus.     "Under  the  guidance  of  which." 

2  Qui  non  jam  procul,  &c.  "  Who  do  not  now  at  a  distance  defend 
us,  as  they  were  wont  to  do  formerly,  from  an  external  and  foreign 
public  enemy,  but  here  as  present  deities  by  their  own  special 
interposition  protect  their  own  temples  and  the  dwellings  of  the 
city  (from  domestic  foes)." 

3  Ut  quam  urbem.  Literally,  "That  what  city."  "The  city 
which  they  have  designed  to  be  a  most  beautiful,  nourishing  and 
powerful  metropolis,  tfiis  they  would  shield,  after  having  overcome 
all  the  forces  of  public  enemies  by  land  and  sea,  from  the  impious 
(treason)  and  crime  of  abandoned  citizens." 


ORATIO  TERTIA* 


IN 


OATILINAM 

AD      QUIRITES. 


Yidetis  rerapublicam,  Quirites,  que  vitam  omnium  ves- 
trum,  bona,  fortunas,  conjuges  que  vestros  liberos,  atque  '  hoc 

*  Oratio  Tertia,  &c.  After  the  flight  of  Catiline  from  the  city, 
Cicero  occupied  himself  with  watching  the  conspirators  who  re- 
mained behind,  with  the  design  especially  of  procuring  more  defi- 
nite proof  against  them.  It  happened  that  there  were  ambassa- 
dors from  the  Allobroges  at  this  time  in  the  city,  who  had  come  to 
ask  redress  of  grievances.  These  were  approached  by  the  conspira- 
tors with  a  view  of  obtaining  their  co-operation  and  the  assistance 
of  cavalry  to  join  the  forces  of  Manlius  at  Faesulae.  The  ambassa- 
dors, instead  of  entertaining  their  proposals,  made  a  disclosure  of 
the  whole  matter  to  Cicero.  Under  his  direction  they  dissembled  for 
a  time  with  the  conspirators,  so  as  to  procure  documentary  proofs  in 
the  form  of  letters  and  written  stipulations.  By  previous  arrange- 
ment they  are  arrested,  on  their  departure,  at  the  Mulvian  bridge, 
and  the  documents  and  persons  of  the  ambassadors  are  secured  and 
brought  to  Cicero. 

Cicero  summons  a  meeting  of  the  senate  and  sends  for  the  lead- 
ing conspirators,  who  are  as  yet  unapprized  of  what  had  taken  place, 
— confronts  them  with  the  documents  under  their  own  hands  and 
seals,  and  confounds  them  into  guilt,  silence,  and  ultimate  confession. 
They  are  taken  into  custody,  and  on  the  next  day,  now  the  3d  of 
December,  this  oration  was  delivered  to  the  people,  in  which  Cicero 
narrates  these  occurrences  in  detail,  and  exhorts  them  to  gratitude 
and  to  the  celebration  of  a  public  thanksgiving  decreed  by  the  senate 
on  occasion  of  this  great  deliverance. 

1  Hoc  domiciti'nn,  &c.  ''This  home  (and  metropolis)  of  a  most 
illustrious  empire."  Summo  amore.  "By  the  very  great  love." 
Meis  laboribus.     "  By  means  (also)  of  my  labors." 


144  ORATIO     III.    IN     CATILINAM. 

domicilium  clarissimi  imperii,  fortunatissimam  que  pulcher- 
rimam  urbem,  hodierno  die,  summo  amore  immortalium 
deorum  erga  vos,  meis  laborious,  consiliis,  periculis,  ereptam 
ex  flamma  atque  ferro,  ac  poene  ex  faueibus  fati  et  conserva- 
tam  ac  restitutam  vobis.  !  Et  si  ii  dies  sunt  non  minus  ju- 
cundi  nobis  atque  illustres,  quibus  conservamur,  quam  illi, 
quibus  nascimur,  quod  laetitia  salutis  est  certa,  conditio 
nascendi  iucerta,  et  quod  nascimur  sine  sensu,  servamur 
cum  voluptate  ;  profecto,  quoniam  sustulimus  ad  immortales 
deos  benevolentia  que  fama  ilium,  qui  condidit  hanc  urbem, 
is  debebit  esse  in  honore  apud  vos  que  vestros  posteros,  qui  ser- 
vavit  hanc  eandem  urbem  conditam  que  amplincatam.  Nain 
restinximus  ignes  'jam  prope  subjectos  que  circumdatos  toti 
urbi,  templis,  delubris,  tectis  ac  moenibus,  tpie  [nos]  iidem 
retudimus  gladios  destrictos  in  rempublicam,  3  que  dejecimus 
eorum  mucrones  a  vestris  jugulis.  *  Quoniam  quae  illustrata, 
patefacta,  comperta  sunt  in  senatu  per  me,  jam  exponam 
(ea)  breviter  vobis,  Quirites,  ut  vos,  qui  ignoratis,  possitis 
scire  ex  actis,  et  quanta,  et  quam  manifesta  et  qua  ratione 
investigata  et  comprehensa  sint. 

B  Principio,  ut  Catilina  erupit  ex  urbe,  paucis  diebus  ante, 

1  Et  si  ii  dies,  &c.  "  And  if  those  days  are  not  less  pleasing  to  us 
and  memorable  in  which  we  are  (signally)  preserved  than  those  in 
which  we  are  born,  seeing  that  the  joy  of  preservation  is  unequivo- 
cal, the  condition  of  one's  birth  precarious,  and  because,  too,  we  are 
born  without  consciousness,  but  are  preserved  with  a  positive  sensa- 
tion of  pleasure,  assuredly,  as  we  have  elevated  to  (the  condition  of) 
the  immortal  gods  in  beneficence  and  fame  that  (illustrious)  man, 
who  built  this  city,  he  (too)  ought  to  be  in  (special)  honor  among 
you  and  your  posterity,  who  has  preserved  this  same  city  already 
built  and  enlarged  in  splendor  and  prosperity." 

-Jam  prope  subjectos,  &c.  "Already  almost  applied  and  carried 
round  to  the  whole  city,"  &c. 

'■'  Que  dejecimus,  &c.  "  And  have  stricken  down  their  points  from 
your  throats." 

4  Quoniam  quae.  "  Since  these  things  have  been  brought  to  light, 
&c . . .  .per  me.  "  By  my  agency. "  Ex  actis.  "  From  what  has  been 
done."     Qua  ratione.     "By  what  means  or  method." 

5  Principio  ut,  &c.  "In  the  first  place,  when  Catiline  made  his 
sudden  exit  from  the  city  a  few  days  ago,  inasmuch  as  he  had  left 
at  Rome  the  associates  of  his  crime,  the  most  active  and  violent 


ORATIO    III.    IN    CATILINAM.  145 

quum  rcliquisset  Romao  socios  sui  sceleris,  acerrimos  daces 
hujusoe  nefarii  belli,  semper  vigilavi  et  providi,  Quirites, 
quem  Bdmodum  poaeemua  esse  salvi  in  tantiset  tain  abscon- 
ditifl  insidiis. 

Nam  (mn,  quum  ejiciebam  Catilinam  ex  urbe  (enim  non 
jam  vereor  invidiam  huj us  verbi,  'quum  ilia  [invidia]  sit 
tnagifl  tinuMida,  quod  exierit  vivus),  sod  turn,  quum  volebam 
ilium  '  exterminari,  putabam  aut  reliquam  mannin  oonjara- 
torum  exituram  simul,  aut  eos,  qui  restitissent,  fore  infirmos 
M  debilea  sine  illo.  Atque  ego,  ut  vidi  eos,  quos  sciebam 
esse  maxime  inflainmatos  furore  et  scelere,  esse  nobiscum  et 
remansisse  Komae,  3  consumpsi  omnes  dies  que  noctes  in  eo, 
ut  sentirem  ac  viderem,  quid  agerent,  quid  molirentnr  :  ut, 
quoniam  mea  oratio  faceret  minorem  fidem  vestris  auribus 
propter  incredibilem  magnitudinem  sceleris,  ita  compre- 
luaiderem  rem,  ut  turn  demura  provideretis  vestrae  saluti 
animis,  quum  videretis  ipsum  maleficium  oculis.  Itaque,  ut 
comperi  legatos  Allobrogum  sollicitatos  esse  a  P.  Lentulo, 
causa  excitandi  Transalpini  belli  et  Gallici  tumultus ;  que 
eos  esse  missos  in  Galliam  ad  suos  cives,  que  eodem  itinere 
cum  Uteris  que  mandatis  ad  Catilinam  ;  que  T.  Volturcium, 
adjunctum  [esse]  iis  comitem  atque  huic  literas  esse  datas  ad 
Catilinam,  putavi  facultatem  oblatam  [esse]  milii,  ut  quod 
erat  difficillimum  que  quod  ego  semper  optabam  a  immorta- 
libus  diis,  tota  res  manifesto  deprehenderelur  non  solum  a 


leaders  of  this  unhallowed  war  I  constantly  exercised  vigilance  and 
forethought,"  &c. 

1  Quum  Ma  [invidia] ,  &c.  ' '  Since  that  (cause  of)  odium  is  more 
to  be  apprehended,  that  he  went  forth  (with  my  connivance)  alive." 

2  Exterminari.     "  To  be  driven  into  exile." 

8  Consumpsi  omnes  dies  que  noctei,  &c.  u  I  spent  all  days  and  nights 
in  the  business  of  perceiving  and  discerning  what  they  were  doing, 
what  plots  they  were  forming,  in  order  that,  seeing  that  my  public 
speech  on  the  subject  produced  little  faith  (and  impression)  in  your 
hearing,  on  account  of  the  incredible  enormity  of  the  offence,  I 
might  so  grasp  the  whole  matter  that  you  might  then,  at  length, 
with  serious  and  earnest  attention,  be  induced  to  make  provision  for 
your  safety,  when  with  your  open  eyes  you  beheld  (the  reality  of  the) 
crime  itself. ' ' 


146  ORATIO    III.    IN    CATILINAM. 

mo,  sed  etiam  a  senatu  et  a  vobis.  Itaque  hesterno  die  vocavi 
ad  me  L.  Flaccum  et  C.  Pomptinum,  praetores,  fortissiinos 
viros  et  !  amantissimos  reipublicae  ;  exposui  omnem  rem  ;  os- 
tendi,  quid  placeret  [mihi]  fieri.  Illi  autem,  2  qui  sentirent 
omnia  praeclara  atque  egregia  de  republica,  susceperunt  ne- 
gotiuni  sine  recusatione  ac  sine  ulla  mora,  et,  3  qunm  ad- 
vesperasceret,  pervenerunt  occultead  Mulvium  pontem,  atque 
ibi  in  proximis  villis  i  fuerunt  bipartito,  ita  ut  Tiberis  et  pons 
interesset  inter  eos.  Eodem  autem  et  ipsi  eduxerunt  mul- 
tos  fortes  viros  sine  suspicione  cujusquam,  5  et  ego  miseram 
ex  praefectura  Reatina  praesidio  cum  gladiis  complures  de- 
lectos  adolescentes,  quorum  opera  assidue  utor  in  republica. 
Interim,  5  tertia  vigilia  fere  exacta,  quum  jam  legati  Allo- 
brogum  magno  comitatu  inciperent  ingredi  Mulvium  pontem, 
que  Volturcius  una  [cum  iis],  impetus  fit  in  eos;  gladii 
educuntur  et  ab  illis  et  a  nostris.  Res  erat  nota  praetori- 
bus  solis  ;  ignorabatur  a  ceteris. 

III.  Turn  interventu  Pomptini  atque  Flacci  pugna,  quae 
erat  commissa,  sedatur.  7  Literae,  quaecunque  erant  in  eo 
comitatu,  traduntur  praetoribus  integris  signis  ;  ipsi  com- 
prehensi  deducuntur  ad  me,  quum  jam  dilucesceret.  Atque 
statim  vocavi  ad  me  Cimbrum  Gabinium,  8  dum  suspicantem 

1  Amantissimos  reipublicae.  "  Very  much  devoted  to  the  welfare 
of  the  republic." 

-  Qui  sentirent  omnia  praeclara,  &c.  "Inasmuch  as  they  enter- 
tained all  honorable  and  praiseworthy  sentiments  concerning  the 
republic.'" 

;i  Quum  advesperasceret.     "  When  evening-  was  approaching-." 

4  Fuerunt  bipartito.  "  Were  arranged  in  two  divisions,  so  that  the 
Tiber  and  its  bridge  was  interposed  between  them." 

5  Et  ego  miseram,  &c.  ' '  And  I  also  had  sent  thither  from  the  pre- 
fecture of  Reate,  for  a  guard,  (armed)  with  swords,  many  chosen 
young  men,  whose  assistance  I  constantly  make  use  of  in  the  (ser- 
vice of)  republic." 

0  Tertia  vigilia  fere  exacta.  "  The  third  watch  being  almost 
passed,"  i.e.,   "  nearly  at  the  end  of  the  third  watch." 

1  Literae,  r/uaccunque,  &c.  "  The  letters,  such  as  were  (found)  in 
that  retinue,  are  delivered  to  the  praetors  with  unbroken  seals  :  the 
parties  themselves  (the  Allobroges  and  their  attendants)  are  seized 
and  conducted  to  me  when  the  dawn  was  just  beginning  to  appear." 

8  Dum  suspicantem  nihil.     "  As  yet  suspecting  nothing." 


ORATIO     III.    IN     CATILINAM.  1  17 

nihil,  improhissimum  niacliiiiatotvm  lioruin  omnium  seele- 
rum.  Dei&de  Item  L  Statilius  arccssitur  et  poet  cum  C. 
Cethegus.  Autem  Lentulua  vcnit  tardissime,  credo 'quod 
vigilaverat  proximanocte  praeter  consuetudinem  in  dandis 
his  Uteris.  ■  Qnum  vcro  placeret  summis  et  clarissimis 
viria  hojoe civitatia, qui  re  audita  conveneraut  freqnentea  ad 
me  mane,  literati  aperiri  a  me,  priusquam  referriad  senatum, 
n»\  si  nihil  essefc  inventnni,  tantus  tumultus  videretur  te- 
mere  injectus  a  me  civitati,  negavi  me  factnrum  esse,  ut 
non  deferrem  rem  integram  de  publico  periculo  ad  publicum 
consilium.  Etenim,  Quirites,  si  ea,  quae  erant  delata  ad  me 
essent  non  reperta,  tamen  ego  non  arbitrabar,  in  tantis  peri- 
calls  reipublicae,  nirniam  diligentiam  pertimescendam  mihi. 
Coegi  celeriter  frequentem  senatum,  ut  vidistis.  Atque  in- 
terea,  admonitu  Allobrogum,  statim  misi  C.  Sulpicium  prae- 
torem,  fortem  virum,  9  qui  efferret  ex  aedibus  Cethegi  [tela], 
si  esset  quid  telorum  [ibi]  ;  ex  quibus  ille  extulit  maximum 
numerum  sicarum  et  gladiorum. 

IV.  Introduxi  Volturcium  sine  Gallis :  jussu  senatus 
dedi  ei  4  publicam  fidem ;  hortatus  sum,  ut  indicaret  sine 
metu  ea,  quae  sciret.  Turn  ille  dixit,  quum  vix  recreasset 
se  ex   magno   timore,  se   habere  B  mandata   et  literas  a  P. 


1  Quod  n'f/iijtrerat,  &c.  "  Because  he  had  been  up  late  the  pre- 
vious night,  contrary  to  his  custom,  engaged  in  the  business  of  (pre- 
paring and)  giving  these  letters." 

-  Quum  w  TO  filacer  et,  Szc.  k>  When  it  was  the  opinion  of  very  great 
and  distinguishe  1  men  of  this  commonwealth,  who,  on  hearing  of 
the  affair,  had  come  to  me  in  large  numbers  in  the  morning,  that 
the  letters  ought  to  be  opened  by  me  before  they  were  submitted  to 
the  senate,  lest,  if  nothing  should  be  found  (in  them),  a  great  com- 
motion might  appear  to  have  been  rashly  (and  unnecessarily)  intro- 
duced by  me  into  the  state  ;  I  declared  that  I  would  not  act  in 
such  a  manner  as  not  to  lay  the  whole  matter  concerning  the  public 
danger  before  a  public  council,"  i.e.,  I  insisted  that  I  would  do  so. 

z  Qvi  efferrrt,  Szc.  Literally,  ''Who  should  bring."  "To  bring 
from  the  house  of  Cethegus  the  arms  that  should  be  there." 

*  Publicam  fidem.     fc'  A  public  pledge  "  of  impunity  as  a  witness. 
Tandaia  et  Uterus.     k*  A  verbal  commission  and  letter."  .... 
Ut  uteretur.  Szc.     "  That  he  should  make  use  of  the  assistance  of 
the  slaves." 


14:8  ORATIO     III.    IN     CATILINAM. 

Lentulo  ad  Catilinam,  ut  uteretur  praesidio  servorum,  et 
accederet  qnam  prinrnm  cum  exercitu  ad  urbem  :  id  autem 
eo  consilio,  ut  quum  incendissent  urbem  ex  omnibus  par- 
tibus,  *  quemadmodum  descriptum  que  distributum  est,  que 
fecissent  infinitam  caedem  civium,  2  ille  esset  praesto,  qui  et 
exciperet  fugientes  et  conjungeret  se  cum  his  urbanis  duci- 
bus.  Galli  autem  introducti  dixerunt  jusjurandum  et  literas 
ad  suam  gentem  datas  esse  a  Lentulo,  Cethego,  Statilio  ; 
atque  ita  praescriptum  esse  sibi  ab  his  et  a  L.  Cassio,  ut  mit- 
terent  quam  primum  equitatum  in  Italiam  :  pedestres  copias 
non  defuturas  [esse]  sibi ;  3  Lentulum  autem  confirmasse 
sibi  ex  Sibyllinis  fatis  que  responsis  haruspicum,  se  esse 
ilium  tevtium  Cornelium,  ad  quern  esset  necesse  regnum 
atque  imperium  hujus  urbis  pervenire;  Cinnam  et  Sullam 
fuisse  ante  se  ;  4  que  eundem  dixisse  hunc  esse  fatalem  annum 
ad  interitum  hujus  urbis  atque  imperii,  qui  esset  decimus 
annus  post  absolutionem  Yirginum,  vicesimus  autem  post 
incensionem  Capitolii.  Dixerunt  autem  fuisse  6  hanc  con- 
troversiam  Cethego  cum  ceteris,  quod  placeret  Lentulo  et 
aliis  caedem  fieri  atque  urbem  incendi  Saturnalibus,  Cethego 
id  videretur  nimium  longum. 

V.      6  Ac  ne  longum  sit,  Quirites,  jussimus  tabellas  pro- 


1  Quemadmodum  descriptum,  &c.  "  As  had  been  mapped  out  and 
assigned  "  by  previous  arrangement. 

2  Ille  esset  praesto,  qui.  ' '  He  might  be  near  at  hand  both  to  receive 
the  fugitives  and,"  &C. 

3  Lentulem  autem,  &\  "  That  Lentulus,  moreover,  had  assured 
them  in  accordance  with  the  Sibylline  oracles  and  the  responses  of 
the  Soothsayers  that  he  was  that  third  member  of  the  Cornelian 
family  to  whom  it  was  appointed  that  the  power  and  dominion  of 
this  city  should  accrue." 

4  Que  eundem  dixisse,  &c.  "And  that  he  likewise  had  said  that 
this  was  the  prophetic  and  appointed  year  for  the  destruction  of 
this  city  and  empire,  inasmuch  as  it  was  the  tenth  year  since,"  &c. 

b  Hanc  controversial!!  Cethego  cum  ceteris,  &c.  "That  there  had 
been  this  dispute  between  Cethegus  and  the  rest,  that  it  was  the 
opinion  of  Lentulus  and  others  that  the  (intended)  slaughter  should 
be  perpetrated  and  the  city  fired  at  the  Saturnalia ;  to  Cethegus, 
however,  that  seemed  too  far  off." 

6  Ac  ue  longum  sit.     Literally,  "That  it  may  not  be  long;"  i.e., 


ORATIO     III.    IN    C  ATI  I. IN  AM.  11'.) 

forrij  quae  dicebantur  datae  a  quoquo.  Primum  ostendimus 
signum  Cethego I  cognovit.  Nos  inoidimua  limiin;  legimus, 
Erat  Boriptum  ipsiua  nianu  senatori  et  populo  Allobrogum, 
'  aeee  facturum  esse,  quae  oonnrmasset  eorum  legatis:  orare, 
nt  illi  item  faoereat,  *  quae  eonim  legati  reoepissent  sibi. 
Turn  Cethegus,  qui  paullo  ante  tamen  respondisset  aliquid 
dfl  gladiifl  ac  riois,  quae  erant  depivhcnsae  apud  ipsum,  <juo 
dijriaset  se  semper  raiase  'studiosum  bonaram  ferramen- 
torum,  debilitatus  .atijuc  abjectus  recitatis  Uteris,  convict  us 
conscientia,  repente  conticuit.  Statilius  est  introductus ; 
cognovit  et  signuni  et  suam  manum.  Tabelbae  recitatae 
sunt  fere  in  eandem  ■sententiam  :  confessus  est.  Turn  ostendi 
tabellas  Lentulo  et  quaesivi,  ne  cognosceret  signum.  Annuit. 
"  Est  vero,  iuquamj  notum  signum,  imago  tui  avi,  claris- 
simi  viri,  qui  amavit  *  unice  patriam  et  suos  cives :  5  quae 
quidem,  etiam  muta,  debuit  revocare  te  a  tanto  scelere." 
Literae  ad  senatum  que  populum  Allobrogum  leguntur 
6eadem  ratione.  Si  vellet  dicere  [alijquid  de  his  rebus, 
feci  potestatem.  Atque  ille  primo  quidem  negavit ;  autem 
aliquanto  post,  toto  indicio  jam  exposito  atque  edito,  sur- 
rexit ;  quaesivit  a  Gallis,  7  quid  esset  sibi  cum  iis  ;  quamo- 
breni  venissent  suam  domum  j  que  item  a  Volturcio.  Quum 
qui  breviter  que  constanter  respondissent  illi,  [quo  dixissent] 


to  cut  the  matter  short,  to  be  brief Nos  incidimus  linum. 

"  We  cut  the  string." 

1  Sese  facturum  esse,  &c.  "  That  he  would  do  what  he  had  stipu- 
lated (to  do)  to  their  ambassadors." 

-  (hiae  eorum  legati,  &c.  "What  their  ambassadors  had  taken 
upon  themselves  "  to  promise  in  their  behalf. 

3  Studiosum  bonorum,  &c.    "  That  he  had  a  fancy  for,  or  was  fond 

of ,  good  weapons JJebilitatus,  Sec.     "  Dispirited  and  depressed 

by  the  reading  of  the  letters." 

4  Unice.     kk  Singularly,  with  a  singular  affection." 

6  Quae  quidem,  etiam  muta,  &c.  "Which,  indeed,  even  though 
mute,  (by  its  silent  remonstranoes)  ought  to  have  deterred  you  from 
so  great  a  crime." 

0  Eadem  ratione.     "  Of  the  same  tenor  and  import." 
T  Quid  esset  sibi  cum  iis.     u  What  had  transpired  between  them." 
Literally,  "  What  there  had  been  to  him  with  them." 


150  OKATIO    III.    IN    CATILINAM. 

per  quern  que  quotiens  venissent  ad  eum,  que  quaesis- 
sent  ab  eo,  ne  locutus  esset  secum  nihil  de  Sibyllinis  fatis, 
turn  ille  subito,  demens  scelere,  ostendit  quanta  esset  vis 
conscientiae.  Nam,  quum  posset  infitiari  id,  repente  1  prae- 
ter  opinioneni  omnium  confessus  est.  Ita  non  modo  2  illud 
ingeniuni  et  exercitatio  dicendi,  qua  semper  valuit,  sed 
etiam,  propter  vim  manifesti  atque  depreliensi  sceleris,  [ilia] 
impudentia,  qua  superabat  omnes,  que  improbitas  defecit. 
Volturcius  vero  subito  jussit  literas  proferri  atque  aperiri, 
quas  dicebat  esse  datas  sibi  a  Lentulo  ad  Catilinam.  Atque 
ibi  Lentulus,  vehentissime  perturbatus,  tamen  cognovit  et 
signum  et  suam  manum.  3  Erant  scriptae  autem  sine  no- 
mine, sed  ita :  Qui  sim,  scies  ex  eo,  quern  7iiisi  ad  te.  Cura, 
ut  sis  vir,  et  cogita  in  quern  locum  sis  progressus,  et  vide, 
quid  jam  sit  necesse  tibi.  Et  cur  a,  ut  adjungas  tibi  auxilia 
omnium,  etiam  injimorum.  Gabinius  deinde  introductus, 
quum  primo  coepisset  respondere  impudenter,  ad  extremum 
negavit  nihil  ex  iis  quae  Galli  insimulabant.  4  Ac  quidem, 
Quirites,  quum  ilia  visa  sunt  mihi  certissima  argumenta  atque 
indicia  sceleris,  tabellae,  signa,  manus,  denique  confessio 
unius  cuj  usque,  turn  ilia  fuerunt  multo  certiora,  color,  oculi, 


1  Praeter  opinionem  omnium.  ' '  Contrary  to  the  expectation  of 
all.' 

2  Ittud  ingenium,  &o.  "  That  natural  talent  and  acquired  skill  in 
speaking  in  which  he  always  excelled."  ....  (Ilia)  impudentia,  &c. 
"  That  effrontery  in  which  he  surpassed  all  (others)  and  unscrupu- 
lous depravity  forsook  him." 

3  Erant  scriptae,  &c.  ' '  It — the  letter — was  written,  moreover, 
without  a  name  (annexed) ,  but  in  these  terms :  Who  I  am,  you  will 
learn  from  him  whom  I  have  sent  to  thee.  See  to  it,  that  you  be  (prove 
yourself)  a  man,  and  think  to  what  a  position  you  have  (already) 
advanced,  and  consider  what  note  is  needful  to  you,  and  take  care  to 
gather  to  yourself  the  help  of  all,  even  the  lowest.'" 

4  Ac  quidem,  Quirites,  &o.  "  And  truly,  fellow-citizens,  not  only 
did  those  things  (that  I  have  mentioned)  seem  to  me  very  certain 
proofs  and  evidences  of  guilt,  viz.,  the  letters,  the  seals,  the  hand- 
writing, in  fine,  the  confession  of  each  one,  but  also  those  (other 
appearances)  were  much  more  reliable  and  convincing,  their  change 
of  color,  their  eyes,  their  looks,  their  silence." 


ORATIO    III.     IN    CATILINAM.  151 

vulius,  tariturnitas.  Enim  '  sic  olwfopueniiit,  sir  intiiebantur 
terrain,  sic  aspiciebant  nonnunquam  Inter  m  furtim,  at  non 
viderentur  jam  indieari  al>  aliis,  sed  ipsi  [viderentur  imli- 
oari  |  a  se. 

VT.  Indiciis  expositis  atque  editis,  Quirites,  consului 
senaiuni,  quid  placerct  fieri  a  de  summa  republica.  8  Acerri- 
mae  ac  fortissimae  sententiae  dictae  sunt  a  prim-ipibus,  quas 
senatus  consecutus  est  sine  ulla  varietate.  Et  quoniam  scna- 
tus-consultum  4  est  nondum  perscriptum,  exponam  ex  memo- 
ria  vobis,  Quirites,  quid  senatus  censuerit.  Primum  6gratiae 
aguntur  mihi  amplissimis  verbis,  quod  mea  virtute,  consilio, 
providentia,  respublica  liberata  sit  maximis  periculis  ;  deinde 
L.  Flaccus  et  C.  Poniptinus,  praetores,  landantur  merito 
ac  jure, 8  quod  usus  essem  eorum  forti  que  fideli  opera:  atque 
laus  impertitur  etiam  forti  viro,  meo  collegae,  quod  remo- 
visset  eos,  qui  fuissent  participes  hujus  conjurationis,  a  suis 
[consiliis]  et  consiliis  reipublicae.  Atque  ita  censuerunt, 
nt  P.  Lentulus,  quum  abdicasset  se  praetura,  traderetur  in 
custodiam :  atque  hoc  idem  decretum  est  in  L.  Cassium,  qui 
depoposcerat  sibi  T  procurationem  incendendae  urbis :  in  M. 
Caeparium,  8  cui,  erat  indicatum,  Apuliam  attributam  esse 


1  Sic  obstupuerant.  ' '  They  had  been  so  confounded. "  .  .  .  . 
Sir  <i*piciebant,  &c.  "  They  so  looked  at  one  another  with  furtive 
glances."  ....  Ut  non  viderentur,  &c.  "  That  they  did  not  seem 
to  be  convicted  by  others,  but  appeared  to  be  convicted  by  them- 
selves." 

2  De  summa  republica.  "  Concerning  the  welfare  of  the  re- 
public." 

1  Acerrimae  ac  fortissimae  sententiae.  "Very  stringent  and  de- 
cided opinions." 

4  Est  nondum  perscriptum.  ''Is  not  yet  written  out "  and  re- 
corded. 

6  Gratiae  aguntur,  &c.  "  Thanks  are  given  to  me  in  very  liberal 
terms." 

6  Quod  usus  essem,  &c.  Literally,  "  Because  I  had  employed  their 
.  ..  .  assistance."  More  freely,  "  Of  whose  firm  and  faithful  co-opera- 
tion I  had  availed  myself." 

T  Procurationem.     "  The  business  or  superintendence." 

8  Cut.  €tat  indicatum,  &c.  "  To  whom  it  had  been  proved  that 
Apulia  had  been  assigned  for  instigating  the  shepherds  to  revolt." 


152  ORATIO    III.    IN    CATILINAM. 

ad  sollicitandos  pastores  :  in  P.  Furium,  qui  est  ex  iis  colonis, 
quos  L.  Sulla  deduxit  Faesulas :  in  Q.  Manlium  Chilonem, 
qui  una  cum  hoc  Furio  1  erat  semper  versatus  in  hac  solli- 
citatione  Allobrogum  :  in  P.  Umbrenum,  libertinum  homi- 
nem,  2  a  quo  constabat  Gallos  esse  primum  perductos  ad 
Gabinium.  3  Atque  senatus  usus  est  ea  lenitate,  Quirites, 
ut,  republica  conservata  poena  novem  perditissimorum  homi- 
num  ex  tanta  conjuratione  que  tanta  vi  ac  multitudine 
domesticorum  hostium,  arbitraretur  mentes  reliquorum  posse 
sanari.  Atque  etiam  supplicatio  decreta  est,  Quirites,  im- 
mortalibus  diis  meo  nomine  pro  eorum  singulari  merito, 
4  quod  contigit  primum  niilii  togato  post  hanc  urbem  condi- 
tam  :  eb  decreta  est  his  verbis,  Quod  liberassem  urbem 
incendhs,  cives  caede,  Italiam  bello.  5  Si  quae  sup- 
plicatio conferatur  cum  ceteris  supplicationibus,  Quirites, 
intersit  hoc,  quod  ceterae  [supplicationes  constitute  sunt] 
bene  gesta  [republica],  haec  una  constituta  est  conservata 
republica.  6  Atque  illud,  quod  fuit  primum  faciendum, 
factum  atque  transactum  est.  Nam  P.  Lentulus,  quamquam 
patefactus  suis  indiciis  et  confessionibus  7  amiserat,  judicio 


1  Erat  semper  versatus,  &c.  "  Had  always  been  employed  in  this 
business  of  tampering  with  the  Allobroges." 

*A  quo  constabat.     "  By  whom,  as  it  appeared." 

3  Atque  senatus.  uAnd  the  senate  exercised  such  clemency, 
fellow-citizens,  that  on  the  republic  being  preserved  (and  vindicated) 
by  the  punishment  of  (only)  nine  most  abandoned  men  out  of  so 
large  a  conspiracy  and  so  great  a  force  "and  multitude  of  domestic 
foes,  it  indulged  the  hope  that  the  minds  of  the  rest  could  be  re- 
stored and  conciliated." 

4  Quod  contigit  primum.  "  A  thing  which  had  happened  to  me 
first  as  a  civilian,  or  acting  in  a  civil  capacity,  since  the  foundation 
of  the  city." 

bSi  quae  supplicatio,  &c.  "  If  this  public  thanksgiving  be  com- 
pared with  other  (similar)  thanksgivings,  fellow-citizens,  it  differs 
in  this."     Hoc  is  the  ablative. 

6  Atque  illud,  quod  fait  primum,  &c.  "  And  that  which  was  first 
(proper)  to  be  done,  was  in  fact  done  and  (duly)  performed."  This 
alludes  to  what  immediately  follows,  viz. ,  the  precaution  of  the  senate 
in  not  punishing  Lentulus  until  he  had  first  retired  from  office. 

''Amiserat.  "Had  forfeited"  ....  tamen  abdicavit  se,  &c. 
"  Resigned  his  magistracy." 


ORATIO     III.     IN    CATILINAM.  153 

sonatas,  lHMi  modo  jus  praetoris,  verum  etiam  (jus)  civis, 
tamen  abdicavit  se  raagistratu  :  '  ut  quae  religio  non  fuerat 
0.  Mario,  clarissimo  viro,  <|uo  minus  occideret  C.  Glauciam 
praetorem,  de  <|iu)  nihil  denvtum  erat  nominatim,  ea  reli- 
gione  nos  libera rriuur  in  puniendo  P.  Lentulo  private 

VII.  Nunc,  Quirites,  quoniam  jam  tenetis  captos  et  com- 
prehensos  nefarios  duces  sceleratissimi  que  periculoSLSaimi 
belli,  debetis  existimare  a  omnes  copias  Catalinae,  omnes  spes 
atque  opes,  his  perioulia  urbis  depulsis,  concidisse.  8  Quem 
quidem  quum  ego  pellebam  ex  urbe,  providebam  animo  hoc, 
Catalina  remoto,  somnum  P.  Lentuli  non  esse  [pertimescen- 
dum]  mihi,  nee  adipem  L.  Cassii,  nee  pertimescendam  [esse 
mihij  furiosam  temeritatem  C.  Cethegi.  Ille  unus  erat 
timendus  ex  his  omnibus,  4  sed  tamdiu  dum  continebatur 
moenibus  urbis.  Norat  omnia,  5  tenebat  aditus  omnium  ; 
8  poterat,  audebat  appellare,  tentare,  sollicitare  ;  erat  ei  con- 

1  Ut  quae  religio,  &c.  Literally,  "  In  order  that  what  religious 
scruple  did  not  exist  in  the  case  of  C.  Marius,  a  very  illustrious 
man,  go  as  to  prevent  him  from  putting  to  death  C.  Glaucia,  while 
praetor,  concerning  whom  nothing  was  decreed  by  name, — from  this 
religious  scruple  we  might  be  freed  in  punishing  P.  Lentulus,  now 
reduced  to  a  private  condition ;  "  or,  to  change  the  order,  k  k  In  order 
that  in  punishing  P.  Lentulus  as  a  private  person,  we  might  be 
freed  from  religious  scruple,  such  as  existed  in  the  case  of  C. 
Marius,  but  did  not,  however,  prevent  him  from  putting  to  death 
C.  Glaucia,"  Arc. 

2  Omnes  cojyias,  &c.  ' '  That  all  the  forces  of  Catiline,  all  his 
hopes  and  resources— these  (immediate)  perils  of  the  city  being 
warded  off — had  fallen  and  become  prostrate." 

L  Quem  guidem  quum  ego  pellebam.  &c.  ""V^Tien,  indeed,  I  was 
engaged  in  expelling  him  from  the  city,  I  clearly  foresaw  this  very 
thing,  that  on  the  removal  of  Catiline  the  somnolency  of  P.  Lentu- 
lus was  not  to  be. feared  by  me,  nor  the  stupid  obesity  of  C.  Cassius, 
nor  was  there  occasion  to  apprehend  the  intemperate  rashness  of  C. 
Cethegus." 

4  Sed  tamdiu  dum,  &c.  "  But  so  long  only  as  he  was  retained  or 
harbored  within  the  walls  of  the  city. " 

5  Tenebat  aditue  omjiium.  u  He  was  in  possession  of  the  avenues 
of  approach  to  all." 

1  Poterat  audebat,  &c.     He  possessed  the  power,  and  he  dared  to 
exercise  it,  of  accosting,  sounding,  and  soliciting  (others).    He  had  a 
mind  adapted  to  (the  plotting  of)  crime,  and  to  this  purpose  there 
was  wanting  neither  the  tongue  nor  the  hand  for  execution." 
7* 


154  ORATIO     III.    IN    CATILINAM. 

silium  aptum  ad  facinus ;  consilio  autem  deerat  neque  lingua 
neque  maims  ;  jam  habebat  certos  homines  delectos  ac  de- 
scriptos  ad  conficiendas  certas  res;  neque  vero  quum  man 
daverat  aliquid,  putabat  (idem)  confectum.  Erat  nihil  quod 
ipse  non  obiret,  occurreret,  vigilaret,  laboraret ;  poterat 
ferre  frigus,  sitim,  famem.  Hunc  hominem  tarn  acrem,  tarn 
paratum,  tarn  audacem,  tarn  callidum,  tam  vigilantem,  in 
scelere,  tam  diligentem  in  perditis  rebus,  ]  nisi  compulissem 
(eum)  ex  domesticis  insidiis  in  castrense  latrociriium  (dicam 
id  quod  sentio,  Quirites),  non  facile  depulissem  hanc  tantam 
molem  mali  a  vestris  cervicibus.  Ille  non  constituisset  nobis 
Saturnalia,  neque  denuntiavisset  tanto  ante  diem  exitii  ac 
fati  reipublicae,  2  ne  commisisset,  ut  signum,  ut  suae  literae, 
manifesti  testes  sceleris,  deprehenderentur.  Quae  nunc,  illo 
absente,  sunt  sic  gesta,  ut  3  nullum  furtum  in  privata  domo 
sit  unquam  tam  palam  inventum,  quam  haec  conjuratio  in 
tota  republica  est>  manifesto  inventa  atque  deprehensa. 
Quod  si  Catilina  remansisset  in  urbe  ad  hanc  diem,  4  quam- 
quam,  quoad  fuit  (in  urbe),  occurri  atque  obstiti  omnibus 
ejus  consiliis,  tamen,  ut  dicam  levissime,  fuisset  dimicandum 
nobis  cum  illo,  neque  nos  unquam,  quum  ille  hostis  esset  in 
urbe,  liberassemus  rempublicam  5  tantis  periculis,  tanta  pace, 
tanto  otio,  tanto  silentio. 

VIII.     Quamquam  omnia  haec,  Quirites,  ita  administrata 
sunt  a  me,  ut  videantur  et  gesta  et  provisa  esse  nutu  atque 


1  J&ui  compulissem,  &c.  "  Unless  I  had  constrained  him  to  come 
forth  from  the  (secret)  plotting  of  domestic  treachery  into  the  open 
warfare  and  plunder  of  the  camp." 

2  Ne  commisisset.  ' '  He  would  not  have  acted  in  such  a  way 
as."     "  He  would  not  have  allowed." 

3  Nullum  fuitum,  &c.  "  No  petty  theft  in  a  private  house  was 
ever  so  clearly  detected  as  this  conspiracy,  covering-  the  range  of  the 
whole  republic,  has  been  found  out  and  put  under  arrest." 

4  Quamquam,  quoad,  &c.  "  Although  as  long  as  he  was  in  the 
city,  I  met  and  opposed,"  &c. 

"  Ta ittis  periculis,  &c.  "From  so  great  perils,  in  a  manner 
attesded  with  so  great  peace,  such  a  degree  of  quiet,  so  much 
stillness." 


OKATIo     III.     IX    CAT1I.1NAM.  155 

consilio  immortalium  deorum.  '  Quo  quum  ]>ossumus  con- 
Bdqoi  id  conjectuia,  quod  gubernatio  tantarwui  lviuni  \i\ 
videtur  potoiflM  esse  huuiaiii  consilii ;  tuin  vero  tulerunt 
opem  et  auxiliuin  nobis  his  temporibus  it*  praeeentes,  ut 
pofttenrai  poena  videre  eos  oculis.  Nam  ut  omittam  ilia, 
faces  visas  nocturno  tempore  ab  occidente  que  ardorem  coeli, 
ut  (omittam)  j  actus  fulminum,  ut  [omittam]  motus  terrae 
que  cetera,  quae  facta  sunt  tarn  multa,  nobis  consulibus,  ut 
immortales  dii  viderentur  a  canere  haec,  quae  nunc  fiunt : 
certe  hoc,  Quirites,  quod  sum  dicturua  est  neque  praetermit- 
tendum  neque  relinquendum.  Nam  profecto  tenetis  memo- 
ria,  Cotta  et  Torquato  consulibus,  complures  res  in  Capitolio 
esse  3  percussas  de  coelo,  quum  et  simulacra  immortalium 
deorum  depulsa  sunt  et  statuae  veterum  hominum  dejectae 
et  aera  legum  liquefacta.  Etiam  ille  Romulus  tactus  est,  qui 
condidit  banc  urbem,  *  quern  inauratum  meministis  fuisse  in 
Capitolio  parvum  atque  lactantem,  inhiantem  lupinis  uberi- 
bus.  Quo  tempore  quidem,  quum  haruspices  convenissent 
ex  tota  Etruria,  dixerunt  caedes  atque  incendia  et  interitum  \ 
legum  et  civile  ac  domesticum  bellum  et  occasum  totius 
urbis  atque  imperii  appropinquare,  &  nisi  immortales  dii, 
placati  onini  ratione,  prope  flexissent  ipsa  fata  suo  numine. 


1  Que  quum  possumus,  &c.  u  And  although  we  can  be  certain,  as 
a  matter  of  human  judgment  and  conjecture,  that  the  direction  and 
management  of  such  important  affairs  hardly  seems  as  a  possible 
thing  to  be  within  the  compass  of  human  wisdom,  it  is  also  true 
that  they  (the  gods)  brought  aid  and  assistance  to  us,  in  this  crisis, 
so  manifestly  and  clearly,  that  we  could  almost  see  them  with  our 
(natural)  eyes." 

2  Canere.     "  To  predict." 

3  Percussas  de  coelo.     u  Struck  with  lightning." 

4  Quern  inauratum,  &c  "Whom,  as  a  gilded  image,"  or,  "  whose 
gilded  image  you  remember  to  have  been  in  the  Capitol,  of  small  di- 
mensions, and  in  the  act  of  suckling,  with  distended  mouth,  at  the 
dugs  of  a  wolf." 

6  Nisi  immortales  dii,  &c.  ' '  Unless  the  immortal  gods,  propiti- 
ated by  every  possible  means,  should  succeed  in  almost  bending  and 
warping  the  fates  themselves  by  their  immediate  power. " 


156  ORATIO    III.    IN    CATTLINAM. 

1  ltaque  illorum  responsis  tunc  et  ludi  facti  sunt,  per  decern 
dies,  neque  ulla  res,  quae  pertineret  ad  placandos  deos,  prae- 
termissa  est :  que  iidem  jusserunt  facere  simulacrum  Jo  vis 
majus  (quam  prius),  2  et  collocare  in  excelso  et,  contra  atque 
fuerat  ante,  convertere  ad  orientem  :  ac  dixerunt  se  sperare 
si  illud  signum,  quod  videtis,  conspiceret  ortum  solis,  et 
forum  que  curiam,  3  fore,  ut  ea  consilia,  quae  essent  inita 
clam  contra  salutem  urbis  atque  imperii,  illustrarentur,  ut 
possent  perspici  a  senatu  que  Romano  populo.  Atque  illi 
consules  4  locaverunt  illud  signum  (esse)  ita  collocandum  ; 
sed  tanta  fuit  tarditas  operis,  ut  collocaretur  neque  a  superi- 
oribus  neque  a  nobis  ante  hodiernum  diem. 

IX.  Hie  quis  potest  esse,  Quirites,  tarn  aversus  a  vero, 
tam  praeceps,  tarn  5  captus  mente,  qui  neget  omnia  haec,  quae 
videmus,  que  praecipue  banc  urbem,  administrari  nutu  ac 
potestate  immortalium  deorum  ?  Etenim  quum  esset  ita 
responsum,  caedes,  incendia,  que  interitum  comparari  rei- 
publicae,  6  et  ea  [comparari]  per  cives,  quae  turn  videbantur 
incredibilia  nonnullis  rnopter  magnitudinem  scelerum,  7  sen- 
sistis  ea  non  modo  cogitata  [esse]  a  nefariis  civibus,  verum 
etiam  suscepta  esse  [ab  iis].     8  Vero  nonne  est  illud  ita  prae- 

1  ltaque  Morwn  responsis.  "  Therefore  in  accordance  with  their 
responses  (and  directions)." 

■  Et  coUocare  in  excelso.  "And  place  it  in  an  elevated  situation, 
and,  contrary  to  what  it  had  been  before,  to  turn  it  to  the  east." 

3  Fore,  lit  ea  consilia,  &c.  "It  would  come  to  pass  that  those 
plots,  which  had  been  secretly  set  on  foot  against  the  safety  of  the 
city  and  government,  would  be  clearly  brought  to  light,  so  as  to  be 
seen  by  the  senate  and  Roman  people." 

4 Locaverunt,  &c.  ''Made  arrangements  that  that  statue  should 
be  so  erected  and  put  in  place." 

5  Captus  mente.     "  So  dull  of  perception,"  or  deprived  of  sense. 

c  Et  ea  {comparari),  &c.  "And  these  things,  too,  to  be  (meditated 
and)  prepared  by  the  hands  of  citizens." 

T  Sensistis  ea,  &c.  tk  You  have  seen  these  things  not  only  to  have 
been  meditated  by  atrocious  citizens,  but  also  to  have  been  (actual- 
ly) undertaken  by  them." 

6  Vero  nonne  est  illud,  &c.  "Truly  is  not  that  circumstance  so 
striking  and  obvious  as  to  seem  to  have  been  done  by  the  (immedi- 
ate) will  and  purpose  of  Jupiter  Best  and  Greatest,  that,  when  to- 
day in  the  morning  both  the  conspirators,  and  the  witnesses  (and  in- 


ORATIO     [IT.    IN    OATILINAM.  157 

it  videatur  esse  fuctuin  nutu  Jovis  Optimi  Maximi,  ut 
quum  bodietno  di©  mane  et  conju rati  et  eonun  indices  du- 
cerontur  per  forum  in  aedem  Concordiae,  eo  ipso  tempore 
signum  statueretur  ?  Quo  collocate  atque  converso  ad  vos 
que  si'iiatuiu,  et  seuutus  et  vos  vidistis  omnia,  quae  erant 
oogitata  contra  salutem  omnium,  illustrata  atque  patefacta. 
'  Quo  isti  sunt  digni  etiam  majore  odio  que  supplicio,  qui 
couati  sunt  inferre  funestos  ac  nefarios  ignes  non  solum  ves- 
tris  domiciliis  atque  tectis,  sed  etiam  templis  atque  delubris 
deorum.  a  Quibus  si  ego  dicam  me  restitisse,  sumam  nimium 
mihi  et  sini  non  ferendus.  Ille,  ille  Jupiter  restitit:  ille 
voluit  Capitolium  [esse  salvum],  ille  haec  templa,  ille  hanc 
urbem,  ille  omnes  vos  esse  salvos.  s  Ego,  immortalibus  diis 
ducibus,  QuiriteSjSuscepi  hanc  mentem  que  vol untatem,  atque 
perveni  ad  haec  tanta  indicia.  *  Jam  vero  ilia  sollicitatio 
Allobrogum  [nunquam]  sic  suscepta  [esset]  a  Lentulo 
que  ceteris  domcsti'is  hostibus,  tanta  res  [nunquam  esset] 
tain  dementer  credita  et  ignotis  et  barbaris,  que  literae  pro- 
fecto  nunquam  essent  commissae  (iis),  nisi  consilium  esset 
ereptum  huic  tantae  audaciae  a  immortalibus  diis.      6  Quid 


formers)  against  them,  were  being-  conducted  through  the  forum 
into  the  temple  of  Concord,  at  that  precise  time  the  statue  was  in 
the  very  act  of  being  put  in  place." 

1  Quo  isti  sunt  digni,  &C,  "  Wherefore  those  (infamous  men)  are 
worthy  even  of  greater  detestation  and  punishment." 

-  QuSbtu  si  ego  dicam,  &c.  "If  I  should  say  that  I  had  (success- 
fully) opposed  these  men,  I  should  be  taking  too  much  upon  myself, 
and  should  be  too  presumptuous  to  be  endured." 

8  Ego,  im<nwtalibus  diis  duslbm,  &c.  "  I,  under  the  guidance 
and  inspiration  of  the  immortal  gods,  have  been  imbued  with  this 
purpose  and  resolution,  and  have  arrived  at  these  so  great  discov- 
eries." 

4  Jam  vero,  &c.  "  And  truly  (not  to  speak  of  other  matters)  that 
tampering  with  the  Allobroges  would  never  have  been  thus  under- 
taken by  Lentulus,  and  other  domestic  enemies,  so  grave  a  matter 
would  never  have  been  entrusted  to  men  both  ignorant  an  1  barbar- 
ous, and  letters  assuredly  would  never  have  been  committed  to  their 
hands,  had  not  all  prudence  and  judgment  been  snatched  away  from 
these  audacious  men,  or  this  bold  conspiracy,  by  the  (counsel)  of  the 
immortal  gods." 

■'  (^nui'oero?     "What  indeed  (shall  we  say  to  this),  that  Gallic 


15S  ORATIO    III.    IN    CATILINAM. 

vero  !  ut  Galli  homines,  ex  male  pacata  civitate,  quae  restat 
una  gens,  quae  videatur  et  posse  et  non  nolle  facere  bellum 
•  Romano  populo,  negligerent  spem  imperii  ac  amplissimarum 
rerum  oblatam  sibi  ultro  a  patriciis  hominibus,  que  antepo- 
nerent  vestram  salutem  suis  opibus ;  non  putatis  id  esse  di- 
vinitus  factum  ?  Praesertim  qui  potuerunt  superare  nos 
non  pugnando,  sed  tacendo. 

X.  Quamobrem,  Quirites,  quoniam  supplicatio  decreta 
est  ad  omnia  pulvinaria,  celebratote  illos  dies  cum  ves- 
tris  conjugibus  ac  liberis.  l  Nam  multi  honores  saepe 
habiti  sunt  justi  ac  debiti  immortalibus  diis,  sed  nunquam 
profecto  justiores.  Enim  erepti  estis  ex  crudelissimo  ac 
miseL-rimo  interitu,  et  erepti  sine  caede,  sine  sanguine,  sine 
exercitu,  sine  dimicatione ;  2togati,  me  uno,  togato,  duce  et 
imperatore,  vicistis.  3  Etenim  recordamini,  Quirites,  omnes 
civiles  dissensiones,  non  solum  eas,  quas  audistis,  sed  eas, 
quas  vosmet  ipsi  meministis  atque  vidistis  :  4  L.  Sulla  op- 
pressit  P.  Sulpicium:  ejecit  ex  urbe  C.  Marium,  custodem 
hujus  urbis;  que  partim  ejecit  ex  civitate,  partim  interemit 
multos  fortes  viros.  Cn.  Octavius,  consul,  expulit  ex  urbe 
armis  suum  collegam  ;  5  hie  omnis  locus  redundavit  acervis 

men,"  &c.  Que  anteponerent,  &c.  "And  should  prefer  your  safety 
to  their  own  aggrandizement."  Non  putatis,  &c.  "Do  you  not 
imagine  that  this  was  done  by  divine  direction  and  influence,  espe- 
cially since  it  was  in  their  power  to  conquer  us  not  by  fighting,  but 
by  simply  preserving  silence." 

1  Nam  multi,  honores,  &c.  "  For  many  public  honors  have  often- 
times been  held  right  and  justly  due  to  the  immortal  gods,  but  never 
certainly  more  fit  than  the  present." 

2  Togati,  me  uno,  togato,  &c.  "  As,  peaceful  citizens,  with  me 
alone,  a  citizen  (and  not  a  soldier),  for  your  leader  and  commander, 
you  have  conquered." 

3 Etenim  recordamini,  &c.  "For  call  to  mind  all  (former)  civil 
dissensions,  not  only  tbose  you  have  heard  of,  but  those  you  your- 
selves remember  and  have  seen."  These  were  attended  with  fright- 
ful disorder  and  bloodshed. 

4  L.  Sulla  oppressit.  "  L.  Sylla  overpowered  (and  killed)  P.  Sul- 
picius." 

"Hie  omnis  locus,  &c.  "  This  whole  place  (the  forum)  was  filled 
to  overflowing  with  heaps  of  dead  bodies  and  the  blood  of  the  citi- 


nh'ATK)    rn.    IN   CATII.IXAM.  159 

corporum  et  sanguine  civium.  '  Postea  Cinna  cum  Mario 
snperavit.  Turn  vero,  clarissimis  viris  interfectis,  lumina 
«-i\  iiatis  exstinota  sunt.  Postea  Sulla  ultus  est  crudelitatem 
lnijus  viotoriae ;  ane  quidem  est  opus  did  quanta  diminu- 
tione  civium  et  quanta  calamitate  reipulilicae.  M.  Lepidua 
clissensit  a  clarissimo  ac  fortissimo  viro,  Q.  Catulo.  8  Ipsius 
interitus  non  attulit  tain  luctum  reipublieae,  quam  [interi- 
tus]  ceterorum.  Atque  omnes  illae  dissensiones  tamen 
erant  ejusmodi,  Quirites,  quae  pertinerent  non  ad  delendam, 
sed  ad  commutandam  rempublicam.  4  llli  voluerunt  non 
esse  nullam  rempublicam,  sed  se  esse  principes  in  ea  [re- 
publica],  quae  esset ;  neque  hanc  urbem  conflagrare,  sed 
se  florere  in  hac  urbe.  Atque  omnes  illae  dissensiones 
tamen,  nulla  quarum  quaesivit  exitium  reipublicae,  fuerunt 
ejusmodi,  6  ut  dijudicatae  sint  non  reconciliatione  concor- 
diae,  sed  internecione  civium.  In  hoc  uno  bello  autem, 
maximo  que  crudelissimo  post  memoriam  Jiominum,  [tale] 
bellum,  quale  8  nulla  barbaria  [gens]  unquarn  gessit  cum  sua 
gente,  in  quo  bello  haec  lex  fuit  constituta  a  Lentulo,  Cati- 
lina,  Cethego,  et  Cassio,  7  ut  omnes,  qui  possent  esse  salvi 
salva  urbe,  ducerentur  in  numero  hostium ;  ita  gessi  me, 
Quirites,  ut  omnes  conservaremini  salvi ;  et,  quum  vestri 


1  Postea  Cinna  cum  Mario,  &c.  "  Afterwards  Cinna  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Marius  prevailed." 

2 Ne  quidem  ....  did.     "  It  need  not  even  be  said." 

3  Ipsius  interitus,  &c.  "  His  (Lepidus's)  death  did  not,  however, 
bring  such  sorrow  to  the  state  as  the  death  of  others." 

4  IUi  voluerunt,  &c.  "  They  (the  former  disturbers  of  the  state) 
intended  not  that  there  should  be  no  republic,  but  that  they  them- 
selves should  be  the  chiefs  in  a  state  that  should  continue  to  exist, 
not  that  this  city  should  burn  (and  be  destroyed),  but  that  they 
should  flourish  (in  power)  within  this  city  (untouched  by  flames)." 

5  Ut  dijudieatae  sint.  "  That  they  could  be  settled,  not  by  a 
peaceful  adjustment,  but  only  by  a  massacre  of  the  citizens."  Re- 
cnnciUatio  concordiae.     "Restoration  of  concord." 

6  Nulla  barbaria.  "  No  barbarian  people  ever  carried  on  with  its 
own  race."  ....  Haec  lex.     "  This  rule  of  proceeding." 

7  Ut  omnes,  qui  possent,  &c.  ■ '  That  all  who  could  be  preserved, 
and  at  the  same  time  the  city  itself  be  preserved,  should  be  con- 
sidered in  the  number  of  enemies,"  and  treated  as  such. 


160  ORATIO   III.    IN   CATILINAM. 

liostes  putassent  l  tantum  clvium  superfuturum  esse,  quan- 
tum restitisset  infmitae  caedi,  tantum  urbis,  quantum  flamma 
non  potuisset  obire,  servavi  et  urbem  et  cives  integros  que 
incolumes. 

XI.  Pro  quibus  tantis  rebus,  Quirites,  ego  postulabo  a 
vobis  nullum  praemium  virtutis,  nullum  insigne  honoris, 
nullum  monumentum  laudis  praeterquam  2sempiternam  me- 
moriam  linjus  diei.  Ego  volo  omnes  meos  triumphos,  omnia 
ornamenta  honoris,  monumenta  gloriae,  insignia  lauclis 
8  condi  et  collocari  in  vestris  animis.  4  Nihil  mutum  potest 
delectare  me,  nihil  taciturn,  nihil  denique  ejusmodi,  quod 
etiam  minus  digni  possint  assequi.  6  Nostrae  res,  Quirites, 
alentur  vestra  meinoria,  crescent  sermonibus,  inveterascent 
et  corroborabuntur  monumentis  literarum  :  que  eandem 
diem,  quam  spero  fore  eternam,  intelligo  propagatam  esse 
et  ad  salutem  urbis  et  ad  memoriam  mei  consulatus ;  que 
exstitisse  6  duos  cives  in  hac  republica  uno  tempore,  quorum 
alter  terminaret  fines  vestri  imperii  non  regionibus  terrae, 
sed  coeli,  alter  servaret  domicilium  que  sedem  ejusdem  im- 
perii. 

XII.  7  Sed  quoniam  fortuna  atque  conditio  earum  rerum 

1  Tantum  civium,  &c.  "  So  many  of  the  citizens  should  survive 
as  should  remain  after  an  unlimited  slaughter,  so  much  of  the  city 
as  the  fire  could  not  overtake." 

-  Siinpiternam  memoriam.     "  The  perpetual  remembrance." 

3  Condi  et  collocari,  &c.  "To  be  hidden  and  deposited  in  (the 
grateful  remembrance  of)  your  minds." 

4  Nihil  mutum  ....  nihil  taciturn.  Such  as  a  statue  or  visible 
monument. 

6  Nostras  res,  &g.  "My  official  acts  will  be  cherished  in  your 
recollection  ;  will  be  repeated  and  magnified  in  your  (daily)  conver- 
sations; will  become  familiarized  and  rendered  enduring  in  the 
monuments  of,  (public  history  and)  literature  ;  and  the  same  period 
of  time,  which  I  hope  will  be  of  unceasing  duration,  I  see  to  be  ex- 
tended (and  allotted),  both  to  the  preservation  of  the  city  and  the 
memory  of  my  consulship."  He  hopes  that  his  consulship  will  be 
remembered  as  long  as  the  city  lasts,  and  that  this  will  be  forever. 

6  Duos  cices.     Pornpey  and  Cicero. 

7  Sed  quoniam,  &c.  "  But  since  the  fate  and  experience  of  those 
public  transactions  which  I  have  conducted  is  not  the  same  as  that 
of  those  persons  who  have  carried  on  distant  wars,  because  I  must 


OBATIO     III.     IN     CA'I'II.INAM.  If.  I 

quae  ego  gessi,  non  est  eadem  quae  illorum,  qui  gesserun! 
externa  bella:  quod  vivendum  est  mibi  cum  Lis,  qaos  vici 

ac  subegi,  illi  reliquerxmt  bootee  aut  interfectos  aut  oppres- 
sos:  vestrum  est,  Quirites,  si  sua  reete  facta  proeonl  ceteris, 
providere,  ae  mea  quaiulo  obsint  mini.  Enim  ego  providi 
Bceleratae  ac  nefariae  meutes  audacissimorum  hominom  ae 
posseat  nocere  vobis  ;  vest  nun  est  providere  ne  noceant  milii. 
Quamqnam,  Quirites, '  nihil  quidem  jam  potest  noceri  mihi 
ipsi  ab  istis.  Enim  est  magnum  praesidium  in  bonis,  quod 
pomparatam  est  mihi  in  perpetuum ;  magna  dignitas  in 
republica,  quae  semper  tacita  defendet  me ;  magna  vis  con- 
Bcieatiae,  quam  qui  negligent,  quum  volent  violare  me,  '  ipsi 
indicabunt  se.  Est  etiam  in  nobis  is  animus,  Quirites,  ut 
non  modo  cedamus  audaciae  nullius,  3  sed  etiam  semper  ultro 
lacessamus  omnes  improbos.  Quod  si  omnis  impetus  domesti- 
corum  hostium,  depulsus  a  vobis,  converterit  se  in  me  unum, 
videndum  erit  vobis,  Quirites,  4  qua  conditione  posthao 
velitis  eos  esse,  qui  pro  vestra  salute  obtulerint  se  invidiae 
que  omnibus  periculis.  Quid  est  quidem  mihi  ipsi,  quod 
jam   possit   acquiri   ad   fructum   vitae,   5praesertim   quum 

continue  to  live  in  conjunction  and  daily  intercourse  with  those 
whom  I  have  conquered  and  subdued  ;  they,  on  the  other  hand, 
have  left  behind  them  (in  distant  places)  their  enemies  either  slain 
or  overpowered  ;  it  is  for  you,  Romans,  to  see  to  it,  if  their  meri- 
toi-ious  deeds  are  a  benefit  to  them,  that  mine  do  not  prove  at  any 
time  an  injury  to  me." 

'  NikA  <i>:'uhui,  tfce.  Literally,  "  In  nothing  truly  now  can  injury 
be  done  to  me  by  them,"  i.e.,  I  cannot  now  myself  be  really  injured 
by  them. 

2  Ipsi  indicabunt  se.    ' '  They  will  become  informers  against  them- 


3 Sed  etiam  semper  ultro  lacessamus,  &c.  "But  even  always  of 
my  own  accord  assail  with  opposition  all  (unprincipled  and)  wicked 
men." 

4  Qua  conditione  posthac,  &c.  u  In  what  condition  hereafter 
(whether  of  safety  or  of  danger)  you  would  have  those  to  be  who 
for  your  protection  have  exposed  themselves  to  obloquy  and  all 
perils." 

'  I'l-iKHfi'tim,  quumxideam.  "  Especially  as  I  can  see  neither  in 
the  distinction  you  can  confer,  nor  in  the  glory  of  virtue  itself,  any- 
thing higher,  whither  it  would  give  me  satisfaction  to  ascend. " 


162  ORATIO    III.    IN   CATILINAM. 

videam  neque  in  vestro  lionore  neque  in  gloria  virtutis 
quidquaui  altius,  quo  libeat  mihi  ascendere  ?  Perficiam 
illud  profecto,  Quirites,  ut,  privatus,  tuear  atque  ornem  ea, 
quae  gessi  in  consulatu  ;  ut,  si  qua  invidia  suscepta  est  in 
conservanda  republics.,  laedat  invidos,  valeat  mihi  ad  gloriam. 
Deinde  ita  tractabo  me  in  republics,  ut  memiuerim  semper 
quae  gesserim,  que  curem,  ut  ea  videantur  esse  gesta  ■  virtute, 
non  casu.  Vos,  Quirites,  quoniam  est  jam  nox,  veneramini 
ilium  Jovem,  custodem  hujus  urbis  ac  vestrum,  atque  disce- 
dite  in  vestra  tecta :  et,  quamquam  periculum  jam  depul- 
sum  est,  tamen  defendite  ea  '  aeque  ac  priore  nocte  custodiis 
que  vigiliis.  3  Ne  id  faciendum  sit  vobis  diutius  atque  ut 
possitis  esse  in  perpetua  pace,  providebo,  Quirites. 

1  Virtute,  non  casu.    "  From  a  principle  of  virtue,  not.from  mere 
fortuity  or  caprice." 

2  Aeque  ac  priore  node.     ' '  Just  as  during  the  previous  night." 

3  Ne  id  faciendum,  &c.    "  That  that  may  not  have  to  be  done  any 
longer,"  &c. 


OEATIO   QUART  A* 
IN 

L.    OATILINAM 

HABITA  IN  SENATU. 


I.      Video,   Patres  conscripti,  ora  atque  oculos  omnium 


*  Omtio  quart  a,  Szc.  After  the  arrest  of  the  leading  conspira- 
tors and  their  conviction  by  documentary  proofs  and  their  own 
confessions,  as  detailed  in  the  preceding  oration,  it  began  to  be 
feared  that  attempts  would  be  made  to  rescue  them  on  the  part  of 
their  associates,  and  rumors  to  this  effect  were  in  circulation. 
Cicero  accordingly  summons  a  meeting  of  the  senate  on  the  5th  of 
December,  and  lays  before  them  the  question  as  to  the  disposition 
that  should  bo  made  of  the  prisoners  and  the  punishment  that 
should  be  inflicted  upon  them.  Two  opinions  prevailed  in  the 
senate ;  one,  led  by  the  consul-elect,  D.  Silanus,  that  the  punish- 
ment of  death  should  be  inflicted  ;  the  other,  supported  by  Julius 
Caesar,  that  perpetual  imprisonment  in  the  municipal  towns  should 
be  the  penalty  of  the  crime.  Cicero  himself  does  not  in  the  present 
speech  commit  himself  expressly  to  either  of  these  opinions,  though 
he  evidently  inclines  to  the  former  sentiment.  He  dwells  upon  the 
magnitude  of  their  crime,  and  declares  that  no  punishment  would 
be  too  severe.  He  shows  that  the  laws  that  were  intended  to  guard 
the  lives  of  Roman  citizens  were  not  applicable  to  this  case,  inas- 
much as  these  men  were  no  longer  Roman  citizens,  but  public  ene- 
mies, and  that  even  Caesar  himself  must  so  regard  them,  as  he  was 
in  favor  of  the  severest  conditions  of  perpetual  imprisonment.  He 
utters  many  sentiments  of  noble  self-devotion  in  the  course  of  his 
speech,  and  concludes  by  asking  no  other  reward  for  his  own  ser- 
vices but  the  perpetual  remembrance  of  his  consulship.  The  opin- 
ion of  Silanus  prevailed,  through  the  influence  of  Cato,  and  the 
conspirators  were  promptly  executed  the  very  same  night. 


164  OEATIO    IV.    IN     CATILINAM. 

vestruin  esse  conversos  in  rue.  Video  vos  esse  sollicitos  non 
solum  de  vestro  (periculo)  ac  (periculo)  reipublicae,  veruni 
etiam,  si  id  sit  depulsum,  de  meo  periculo.  '  Vestra  volun- 
tas erga.  me  est  jucunda  mihi  in  malis  et  grata  in  dolore. 
Sed  (oro)  per  immortales  deos,  deponite  earn,  atque  obliti 
meae  salutis,  cogitate  de  vobis  ac  de  vestris  liberis.  2  Si 
haec  data  est  mihi  conditio  (mei)  consulatus,  ut  perferrem 
omnes  acerbitates,  omnes  dolores  que  cruciatus,  feram  (ea) 
non  solum  fortiter,  verum  etiam  libenter,  dummodo  meis 
laboribus  dignitas  que  salus  pariatur  vobis  que  Romano 
populo.  3  Ego  sum  ille  consul,  Patres  conscripti,  cui  non 
forum,  in  quo  omnis  equitas  continetur ;  non  campus,  con- 
secratus  consularibus  auspiciis ;  non  curia,  summum  auxi- 
lium  omnium  gentium;  non  domus,  commune  perfugium ; 
non  lectus  datus  ad  quietem ;  non  denique  liaec  sedes  honoris, 
sella  curulis,  fuit  unquam  vacua  periculo  atque  insidiis  mortis. 
4  Ego  tacui  multa,  pertuli  multa,  concessi  multa,  sanavi  multa 
quodam  dolore  meo,  in  vestro  timore.  Nunc  si  immortales 
dii  voluerunt  hunc  esse  exitum  mei  consulatus,  ut  eriperem 
vos,  Patres  conscripti,  que  Komanum  populum  ex  miser- 
rima  caede,  (vestras)  conjuges  que  vestros  liberos,  que  Ves- 


1  Vestra  voluntas,  &c.  "  Your  affectionate  interest  towards  me 
is  pleasant  to  me  in  the  midst  of  (public)  evils  and  soothing  in  (pri- 
vate) sorrow." 

-  8i  haee  data  est,  &c.  ' '  If  this  has  been  given  to  me  as  the 
condition  of  my  (holding  the)  consulship,  that  I  should  endure  all 
asperities,  all  sorrows,  even  tortures,  I  will  endure  these  things  not 
only  bravely,  but  even  cheerfully,  if  only,  by  my  sufferings,  jus^ 
authority  as  well  as  safety  may  be  thereby  secured  to  you  and  the 
Roman  people." 

3  Ego  sum  Me  consul.     "  I  am  that  (fated  and  unfortunate)  consul 

to  whom  (no  place  of  security  is  allowed)  not  the  forum,"  &c 

Summum  auxilium.     "  The  chief  reliance."   ....    Commune  per- 

fugium.    u  The  common  asylum"  of  men Unquam  vacua, 

etc.     M  Has  ever  been  exempt  from  the  peril  and  snares  of  (a  violent) 
death." 

4  Ego  tacui  multa,  &c.  ' '  I  have  suppressed  much  in  (a  prudent) 
silence,  I  have  endured  much,  I  have  conceded  much.  I  have 
healed  much,  at  the  expense  of  a  degree  of  personal  suffering,  in 
the  midst  of  your  (prevailing)  alarm. " 


ORA.TK)    IV.    IX    CATIL1NAM.  165 

talcs  virgiues  'ex  acerlussinia  vexationo  ;  («nij>la  atque 
delubrs,  banc  puloherrimam  patriam  omnium  nostritun  ex 
foedissima  flamma,  totam  Italiam  ex  hello  et  vastitatr,  *  <]iiae- 
cunque  fort  una  pvoponetor  rnihi  ani,  subeatur.  Etenim,  si 
P,  Lentulufl,  inductus  a  vatibus,  putarit  mum  nomen  fore 
f&tale  ad  perniciem  Komani  populi,  cur  ego  non  laeter,  meum 
;  latum  '  exstitisse  prope  fatalem  ad  salutem  reipubliear  ? 
II.  Quare,  Parres  conscripti,  consulite  vobis,  prospi- 
cite  patriae,  conservate  vos,  vestras  conjuges,  liberos,  que 
fortunas,  defendite  nomen  que  salutem  Romani  populi, 
desinite  parcere  mihi  ac  cogitare  de  me.  "Nam  primuni 
debeo  sperare  omnes  deos,  qui  praesident  huic  urbi,  relatu- 
ros  esse  gratiam  mihi  pro  eo  ac  mereor  ;  deinde,  si  quid 
ohtigerit,  moriar  aequo  que  parato  animo.  Nam  neque  tur- 
pis  mors  potest  accidere  forti  viro,  neque  immatura  con- 
sulari,  nee  misera  sapienti.  Nee  tamen  sum  ego  ille  ferrous, 
qui  non  movear  maerore  carissimi  et  amantissimi  fratris 
(nunc)  praesentis,  que  lacrimis  omnium  horura,  a  quibus 
videtis  me  (esse)  circumsessum.  B  Neque  exanimata  uxor 
non  revocat  meam  mentem  saepe  domum,  et  filia  abjecta 
metu,  et  parvulus  filius  quern  respublica  videtur  mihi  am- 


1  Ex  acerbistima  vexatione.  "  From  the  bitterest  personal  out- 
rage. " 

1  Qnaecun que  fortuna,  etc.  "  Whatever  consequences  of  (good 
or  evil)  fortune  may  be  in  store  for  me,  I  am  ready  to  submit." 
Literally,  kt  Let  it  come  to  me,  or  be  undergone  by  me." 

./.      "  Has  been  almost  divinely  destined 
to  (secure)  the  safety  of  the  republic.1 ' 

4  Nam  primvm  debeo,  &c.  '•  For  in  the  first  place  I  may  reason- 
ably hope  that  all  the  gods,  who  are  the  guardians  of  this  city,  will 
requite  me  with  favor  in  proportion  as  I  deserve.  In  the  next 
place,  if  anything  adverse  should  befall  me,  I  shall  die  with  a  calm 
and  collected  mind.  For  a  dishonorable  death  cannot  happen  to  a 
brave  man,  a  premature  death  to  a  consular  man  (one  who  has  al- 
ready been  consul),  nor  a  wretched  death  to  a  wise  man." 

'"Neque  exanimata  "/■■>/;  &c.  "Nor  does  my  anxious  and  terri- 
fied wife  fail  to  recall  my  mind  often  to  my  own  abode,  and  my 
daughter  prostrate  with  fear,  and  my  little  son,  whom  the  republic 
seems  to  hold  in  its  arms  as  a  pledge  and  hostage  (to  assure  the 
faithful  fulfilment)  of  my  consulship." 


166  OKATIO    IV.    IN    CATILINAM. 

plecti  tamquam  obsidem  mei  consulatus  ;  neque  ille  gener, 
qui  adstat  meo  conspectu,  expectans  exitum  hujus  diei. 
Moveor  omnibus  his  rebus,  1  sed  in  earn  partem  uti,  omnes 
sint  salvi  vobiscum,  etiam  si  aliqua  vis  oppresserit  me, 
potius  quam  et  illi  et  nos  pereamus  una  peste  reipublicae. 
Quare,  Patres  conscripti,  incumbite  ad  salutem  reipublicae  ; 
circumspicite  omnes  procellas,  quae  impendent,  nisi  provi- 
ders. 2  Non  T.  Gracchus,  quod  vol  u  it  fieri  tribunus  plebis 
iterum,  non  C  Gracchus,  quodconatus  est  concitare  agrarios, 
non  L.  Saturninus,  quod  occidit  C.  Memmium,  adducitur 
in  aliquod  discrimen  atque  in  judicium  vestrae  severitatis ; 
ii  tenentur,  qui  restiterunt  Romae  ad  incendium  urbis,  ad 
caedem  omnium  vestrum,  ad  accipiendum  Catilinam.  Tenen- 
tur literae,  signa,  manus,  denique  confessio  unius  cujusque; 
Allobroges  sollicitantur  ;  servitia  excitantur ;  Catilina  arces- 
situr ;  id  consilium  est  initum,  ut,  omnibus  interfectis,  nemo 
relinquatur,  ne  quidem  ad  deplorandum  nomen  Komani 
populi  atque  ad  lamentandam  calamitatem  tanti  imperii. 

III.  Indices  detulerunt  omnia  haec,  rei  confessi  sunt; 
3vos  jam  judicastis  multis  judiciis;  primum  quod  egistis 
gratias  mihi  singularibus  verbis,  et  decrevistis  conj  urationem 
perditorum   hominum   patefactam  esse   mea   virtute    atque 


1  Sed  in  earn  partem.  ''But  to  the  effect  and  with  the  view." 
....  Etiam  si  aliqua  vis.  &c.  "  Even  if  some  violence  should  over- 
power me."  ....  Una  peste.  "In  one  common  destruction  of  the 
republic. " 

lN<m  T.  Gracchus,  &c  "It  is  not  T.  Gracchus,  because  he 
wished  to  be  made  a  second  time  Tribune  of  the  people  ;  it  is  not 
C.  Gracchus,  because  he  endeavored  to  rouse  to  action  the  support- 
ers of  an  agrarian  law  ;  it  is  not  L.  Saturninus,  &c.  ...  it  is  not 
such  as  these  that  are  brought  into  peril  of  accusation  and  to  the 
sentence  of  your  justice  and  severity.  Tiiey  are  in  custody  who 
remained  at  home,  &c.  .  .  .  There  are  also  in  our  possession  the  let- 
ters, seals,"  &c.  .  .  .  Id  consilium  est  initum.  "A  plot  has  been  set 
on  foot  with  the  design  and  purpose  that,  all  being  indiscriminately 
slaughtered,  no  one  should  be  left,"  &c. 

3  Vos  jam  judicastis,  &c.  "You  have  already  decided  (concern- 
ing them)  by  many  judicial  acts." 


ORATIO     IV.    EN    CATIUXAM.  1<'>7 

diligent  ia  :  dcinde  '  quod  coegistis  P.  Lentulum,  ut  abdiearet 
■q  praetura;  turn  quod  censuistis  emu  ot  eetertfc,  de  quibua 
judicastis,  daudos  (esse)  in  custodiam;  que  maxime  quod 
decrevistii  supplicationem  uieo  nomine,*  honoe  qui  habitus 

est  nemini,  togato,  and'  me;  postremo,  hesterne  die  dediitia 
aiiiplissinia  juannia  lrgatis  Allobrogum  que  Tito  Volturcio ; 
3  omnia  quae  sunt  ejusmodi,  at  ii,  qui  dati  sunt  nominatim 
in  custodiam,  videaxttur  sine  ulla  dubitatione  damnatd  esse 
a  vobis.  4  Sed  ego  institui  referre  ad  vos,  i'ativs  oonsoripti, 
tanu|uani  integrum,  at  quid  judicetis  de  facto  et  quid  oenae- 
atis  de  poena.  Praedicam  ilia,  b  quae  sunt  consulis.  "Ego 
jampridem  videbam  magnum  furorem  versari  in  republica, 
et  quaedam  nova  mala  misceri  et  concitari;  sed  nunquam 
putavi  banc  tantam,  tarn  exitiosam  conjurationem  haberi 
a  civibus.  Nunc  quidquid  est,  quocunque  vestrae  mentes 
atque  sententiae  inclinant,  statuendum  est  vobis  ante  noctem. 
Quantum  facinus  delatum  sit  ad  vos,  videtis.     7  Si  putatis 


1  Quod  coegistis  P.  Lentidum,  &c.  "Because  you  constrained  P. 
Lentulus  to  resign  the  praetorship. " 

1  Honos  (/>ri  habitus  e$%  «fec.  "An  honor  which  has  been  enjoyed 
by  no  one,  acting  merely  in  a  civil  capacity,  before  me.""  Conferred 
only  heretofore  for  military  distinction. 

'Omnia  (/>(>/<',  etc.  "All  which  circumstances  are  of  such  a 
nature  (as  to  imply)  that  those  who  have  been  given  into  custody, 
specifically  by  name,  appear  without  any  doubt  to  have  been  con- 
demned by  yon." 

;  ego  ihxtitiii,  ifcc.  "But  I  have  determined,  Conscript 
Fathers,  to  refer  to  you  as  an  open  question  and  still  undecided,  the 
whole  subject,  both  what  your  conclusion  is  concerning  the  fact  (of 
the  conspiracy)  and  what  your  judgment  relative  to  the  (proper) 
punishment." 

5  Quae  sunt  consulis.  Literally,  "  which  are  of  the  consul,"  i.e., 
' l  which  belong  to  the  consial ' '  to  say. 

*Sgo  jampridem  videham,  &c.  "I  long  ago  perceived  a  great 
madness  to  be  brewing  in  the  republic,  and  certain  new  evils  to  be 
stirred  up  and  roused  into  action ;  but  I  never  thought  that  this  so 
great,  so  pernicious  a  conspiracy  was  had  in  view  by  (abandoned) 
citizens.  Now  what  it  is  your  minds  and  sentiments  incline  to  (on 
this  important  subject)  must  be  determined  by  you  before  night 
intervenes. " 

7  >/  pufntis  /)nuco8,  &c.  "  If  you  think  that  few  (persons)  are  con- 
nected with  this  (wicked  plot)  you  egregiously  mistake  the  matter." 


168  ORATIO    IV.    IN   CATILINAM. 

paucos  esse  afiines  huic  (facinori),  vehementer  erratis.  Hoc 
malum  disseminatum  est  '  latius  opinione ;  manavit  non 
solum  per  Italiam,  verum  etiam  transcendit  Alpes,  et,  serpens 
obscure,  jam  occupavit  multas  provincial.  Id  potest  opprimi 
nullo  pacto  2  sustentando  ac  prolatando.  Vindicandum  est 
vobis  celeriter,  quacunque  ratione  placet. 

IV.  Video  adkuc  esse  duas  sententias  :  imam  D.  Silani, 
qui  censet  eos,  qui  conati  sunt  delere  haec,  multandos  esse 
morte  ;  alteram  C.  Caesaris,  3  qui  removet  poenam  mortis, 
amplectitur  omnes  acerbitates  ceterorum  suppliciorum.  Uter- 
que  et  pro  sua  dignitate  et  pro  magnitudine  rerum  versatur 
in  summa'  severitate.  Alter  putat  eos,  qui  conati  sunt  pri- 
vare  nos  omnes  vita,  qui  (conati  sunt  privare  vita)  Romanum 
populum,  qui  (conati  sunt)  delere  imperium,  qui  (conati 
sunt)  exstiuguere  nomen  Itoinani  populi,  non  oportere  frui 
vita  et  hoc  communi  spiritu  4  punctum  temporis  ;  5  atque 
recordatur  hoc  genus  paenae  saepe  usurpatum  esse  in  hac 
republica  in  improbos  cives.  Alter  intelligit  mortem  non 
esse  constitutam  a  immortalibus  diis  6  causa  supplicii ;  sed 
esse  aut  necessitatem  naturae  aut  quietem  laborum  ac  mise- 
riarum.  Itaque  sapientes  oppetiverunt  earn  nqnquam  inviti, 
fortes  saepe  etiam  libenter.      7  Vero  vincula,  et  ea  sempiter- 


1  Latins  opinione.  "More  widely  than  is  generally  thought." 
Literally,  "more  widely  than  (the  prevailing)  opinion." 

2  Sustentando  ac  prolatando.  k '  By  (longer)  endurance  and  delay. " 
Literally,  "  by  enduring  and  deferring." 

3  Qui  remocct,  &c.  "  Who  dispenses  with  the  punishment  of  death, 
but  adopts  (and  recommends)  all  extremities  of  other  punishments." 
Uterque  et  pro  sua  dignitate,  &c.  "  Each,  as  might  be  expected  from 
persons  of  their  gravity  and  in  accordance  with  the  magnitude  of 
the  interests  involved,  has  in  mind  (and  insists  upon)  the  most  strin- 
gent severity." 

4  Punctum  temporis.     "  For  a  single  moment." 

*  Atque  recordatur,  &c.  "And  recalls  the  fact  (and  reminds  us 
of  it)  that  this  species  of  punishment  was  often  employed  in  this 
•republic  against  vicious  (and  offending)  citizens." 

6  Causa  supplicii,  &c.    "  With  a  view  to  punishment." Sed  esse, 

&c.      "  But  was  to  be  regarded  either  as  a  necessary  law  of  nature 
or  as  a  fit  repose  after  labors  and  sufferings."  ' 

7  Vero  vincula,  &c.  "  But  chains  and  imprisonment,  and  that,  too, 


TIO    IV.    IN    CATII.INAM.  I  69 

na,   certe  invonta  sunt  ad  singularem  poenam  nefarii  BOele- 

!  is.  Juln't  disjHM'tiri  liiiinicipiis.  l  Ista  res  videtur  habere 
iiujuitutcMii,  si  wlis  imperare;  difficultatem,  si  (volis)  rogare, 
Tamen  deoematur,  si  placet.  aEnim  ego  suKcipiain{[rem], 
et,  ul  spero,  reperia.ni  [eos],  qui  putent  non  esse  suae  digni- 
tatis ivcusare  id,  quod  statueritis  causa  salutis  oinniuin. 
Adjunct  jjravom  poenam  inunicipibus,siquis  ruperit  eorum 
vincula;  3circumdat  horribiles  custodias,  et  sancit  digna 
scelere  perditoium  hominum,  ne  quis  possit  levare  poenam 
eorum,  quos  condemnat,  aut  per  senatum  aut  per  populum  ; 
eripit  etiam  spem,  quae  sola  solet  consolari  homines  in  mise- 
riis.  Jubet  praeterea  bona  publicari ;  relinquit  vitam  solam 
ncfariis  hominibus  ;  quam  si  eripuisset,  ademisset  multos 
[dolores]  uno  dolore  animi  atque  corporis  et  omnes  poenas 
scelerum.  4  Itaque,  ut  aliqua  formido  posita  esset  in  vita 
improbis,  illi  antiqui  voluerunt  quaedam  supplicia  ejusmodi 
constituta  esse  iinpiis  apud  inferos  ;  quod  intelligebant,  his 
remotis,  mortem  ipsam  non  esse  pertimescendam. 


perpetual,  were  doubtless  invented  (by  human  appointment)  for  the 
special  punishment  of  nefarious  crime." 

1  I*ta  n»,  Ajc.  "  That  expedient "  (of  yours),  viz.,  the  distribution 
of  the  criminals  among  the  municipal  towns  "  (probably  turning  to 
Caesar),  tk  seems  to  have  a  character  of  injustice,  if  you  intend  to 
make  it  imperative,  and  of  embarrassment  and  difficulty  if  you  only 
mean  to  make  it  a  matter  of  request." 

-  Knini  ego  .v^/.s-r. 7 •/.'/,'//,  A:c.  "  For  I  will  undertake  (to  manage) 
the  affair,  and,  as  I  hope,  will  be  able  to  find  those  (in  the  munici- 
palities) who  will  deem  it  not  compatible  with  their  dignity  to  refuse 
what  you  shall  determine  with  a  view  to  the  general  safety." 

3  Circumdat,  etc.  "  He  throws  around  them  the  repulsive  atten- 
dants of  imprisonment,  and  gives  his  solemn  sanction  to  whatever  is 
meet  as  the  punishment  of  the  crime  of  abandoned  men,  that  no  one 
may  be  able  to  relax  the  punishment  of  those  he  has  decided  to 
condemn,  either  through  the  agency  of  the  senate  or  an  appeal  to 
the  people." 

4  Itaque,  vt  aliqua,  &c.  "Therefore,  that  some  fear  might  con- 
tinue to  exist  to  the  wicked  in  life  (and  to  control  them),  those  men 
of  a  former  day  were  of  the  opinion  that  certain  punishments,  of  a 
nature  to  be  influential,  were  appointed  for  the  wicked  in  the 
lower  world." 

8 


170  OEATIO   IV.    IN    CATILINAM. 

KY.  1  Nunc,  Patres  conscripti,  ego  video  quid  intersit  mea. 
Si  secuti  eritis  sententiam  C.  Caesaris,  2  quoniam  is  secutus 
est  iu  republics  viam,  quae  habetur  popularis,  fortasse  popu- 
lares  impetus  erunt  minus  pertimescendi  mihi,  hoc  auctore 
et  cognitore  liujusce  sententiae :  sin  (secuti  eritis)  illam 
alteram  [sententiam],  nescio  an  amplius  negotii  contrahatur 
mihi.  Sed  tamen  utilitas  reipublicae  vincat  rationes  me- 
orum  periculorum.  {Enim  habamus  a  C.  Caesare,  sicut  ipsius 
dignitas  et  amplitudo  ejus  majorum  postulabatj3  sententiam, 
tamquam  obsidem  perpetuae  voluntatis  in  rempublicam. 
4  Intellectum  est  quid  intersit  inter  levitatem  concionato- 
rum  et  animum  vere  popularem,  consulentem  saluti  populi. 
Video  de  istis,  qui  volunt  se  haberi  populares,  non  neminem 
abesse,  ne  videlicet  ferat  sententiam  de  capite  Romanorum 
civium.  Is  nudiustertius  et  dedit  Romanos  cives  in  custo- 
diam,  et  decrevit  supplicationem  mihi,  et  affecit  indices  hes- 
terno  die  maximis  praemiis.  Jam  hoc  est  dubium  nemini, 
quid  (ille)  judicarit  de  tota  re  et  causa,  qui  decrevit  cus- 
todiam  reo,  gratulationem  quaesitori,  praemium  indici.      &  At 

1  Nunc,  Patres  conscripti,  ego  video  quid  intersit  mea.  "Now, 
Conscript  Fathers,  I  perceive  what  concern  I  have  "  in  these  several 
opinions — how  I  shall  be  affected  by  your  adopting  the  one  or  the 
other. " 

2  Quoniam  &  secutus  est,  &a  "  Since  he  has  pursued  a  career  in 
the  republic  which  is  accounted  one  of  popular  inclining-  and  ap- 
proval, perhaps  popular  attacks  will  be  less  to  be  apprehended  by 
me,  with  him  as  the  author  and  supporter  of  this  opinion.  But  if 
you  shall  follow  that  other  opinion,  I  know  not  whether  even  more 
trouble  and  odium  may  not  be  in  store  for  me,"  than  at  present 
exists. 

3  Sententiam,  tamquam,  &g.  "An  opinion  such  as  is,  as  it  were, 
a  witness  and  pledge  of  his  unceasing  attachment  to  the  republic." 

4  Infr'lrcfi/i/i  est  quid,  vfcc.  "It  is  well  understood  what  a  differ- 
ence there  is  between  the  emptiness  of  popular  declaimers  and  a 
mind  truly  devoted  to  the  people,  consulting  for  the  real  welfare  of 
the  masses."  Video  de  isli-s,  &c.  tl  I  see  of  that  former  contempt- 
ible class — such,  I  mean,  as  desire  to  be  regarded  as  specially  favor- 
able to  the  people — one  senator  at  least  to  be  absent  (frosn  this  as- 
sembly), lest  he  should  be  compelled  to  deliver  an  opinion  concerning 
the  capital  punishment  of  Roman  citizens,"  and  thereby  run  the 
risk  of  popular  odium. 

3  At  vera  0.  Caesar  intelUgit,  &c.     "Caesar,  however,  well  under- 


QBi.HO    IV.     IN    (  A TI1.INAM.  171 

?ero  0.   Caesar  Lntelligxt,  Beznproniaixi   legem  constitutam 

esse  de  Romanis  civibus;  autem  qui  sit  liostis  reipublioae, 
cum  uuUo  modo  po8B6  rivcm  :  deniqtte  Lpsum  latorem  Bem- 
proniae  b'gi-s  jubsu  populi,  depomlissu  pacnas  ivipublicae. 
Idem  lion  putat  Lentulum  ipsum,  largitoivm  et  prodigwm, 
posse  etiam  appeliari  popularem,  quum  cogitarit  tamaoerbe 
que  tain  crudeliter  da  pernicie  Roman i  populi,  exitio  hujua 
urbis.  [taque  homo  mitissimus  atque  Leniashntui  non  dubitat 
maudare  P,  Lentulum  act-ernis  tenebria  que  vinculis,  et  sancit 
in  post*  rum,  ne  quis  possit  jactare  se  levando  hujus  sup- 
plicio  et  in  pernime  Romaaj  populi  esse  posthac  popularia. 
Adjungit  etiam  publicationem  bonoruin,  ut  omnes  cruciatus 
aninii  et  corporis,  etiam  egestas  ac  menclicitas  consequatur. 

VI.  Quamobrem  sive  '  statueritis  hoc,  dederitis  milii 
comitem  ad  concionem,  carum  atque  jucundum  populo  ;  sive 
nialuriitis  Boqui  sententiam  Silani,  facile  defendetis  me 
at  <  pie  vos  vituperatione  crudelitatis,  2  atque  obtinebo  cam 
fuisse  multo  leniorem.     Quamquam,  Patres  conscripti,  quae 

Btands  "  (and  this  is  the  reason  of  his  severe  judgment  in  the  present 
case)  "that  the  Sempronian  law  was  enacted  to  apply  to  the  case 
oi Roman  citizens  alone"  (those  that  were  truly  such).  "But  he 
who  is  an  enemy  of  the  republic  can  in  no  way  be  esteemed  a  citi- 
zen— the  very  proposer  of  the  Sempronian  law  himself,  by  order  of 
the  people,  rendered  satisfaction  to  the  republic  "  on  this  ground, 
that  he  was  a  public  enemy  and  not  a  citizen.  "  In  like  manner  he 
(i.(.  Caesar)  does  not  for  a  moment  imagine  that  Lentulus  himself, 
although  a  liberal  patron  (of  the  people)  and  lavish  (in  his  public 
expenditures),  can  be  called  a  friend  to  the  people  (but  a  public 
enemy,  rather),  since  he  has  plotted  with  so  much  bitterness  and 
cruelty  for  the  destruction  of  the  Roman  people  and  the  utter  ruin 
of  this  city.  Therefore  it  is  that  a  man  characteristically  mild  and 
lenient  does  not  hesitate  to  commit  P.  Lentulus  to  perpetual  dark- 
ness and  chains,  and  provides,  by  a  solemn  sanction  for  the  fu 
that  no  one  can  be  officiously  active  in  securing  a  mitigation  of  his 
punishment,  and,  at  the  same  time,  in  the  ruin  of  the  Roman  people 
(that  must  ensue),  be  a  true  friend  of  the  people,"  (but  in  reality 
also  an  enemy). 

1  Sfafaterit$»  hoc.  "  Shall  come  to  the  same  conclusion  with  this 
man  "  (Caesar)  in  the  matter  under  consideration.  Hoc  is  the  ab- 
lative. 

-.!/'//,  obtinebo,  etc.  ';  And  I  will  maintain  it  to  be  the  milder 
(punishment)  of  the  two." 


172  ORATIO   IV.    IN   CATILINAM. 

potest  esse  crudelitas  in  punienda  immanitate  tauti  sceleris  ? 
Enim  ego  judico  de  meo  sensu.  '  Nam  ita  liceat  mihi  per- 
frui  vobiscum  salva  republica,  \it  ego,  quod  sum  vehemen- 
tior  in  hac  causa,  non  moveor  atrocitate  animi,  (enim  quis 
est  mitior  me?)  sed  quadam  singulari  humanitate  et  miseri- 
cordia.  Enim  video?  mihi  videre  hanc  urbem,  lucem  orbis 
terrarum,  atque  arcem  omnium  gentium,  subito  conciden- 
tem;jcerno  animo  in  sepulta  patria  miseros  atque  insepultos 
acerv'os  civium ;  \2  versatur  mihi  ante  oculos  adspectus  et 
furor  Cethegi  bacchantis  in  vestra  caede.  Quum  vero  pro- 
posui  mihi  Lentuluui  regnantem,  sicut  ipse  confessus  est  se 
sperasse  3  ex  fatis,  4  hunc  Gabinium  esse  purpuratum,  Catili- 
nam  venisse  cum  exercitu,  perhorresco  turn  lamentationem 
matrumfamilias,  turn  fugam  virginum  atque  puerorum,  5  ac 
vexationem  Vestalium  virginum ;  et  quia  haec  videntur 
mihi  vehementer  misera  atque  miseranda,  idcirco  praebebo 
me  severum  que  vehementem  in  eos,  qui  voluerunt  perficere 
ea.  Etenim  quaero,  si  quis  paterfamilias,  suis  liberis  inter- 
fectis  a  servo,  uxore  occisa,  domo  incensa,  6  sumpserit  quam 
acerbissimum  supplicium  de  servis ;  utrum  is  videatur  esse 
clemens  ac  misericors,  an  inhumanissimus  et  crudelissimus  ? 
7  Mihi  vero  (videretur)  importunus  ac  ferreus,  qui  non  le- 


1  Nam  ita  liceat  mihi,  &c.  "So  may  I  be  allowed  to  enjoy  with 
you  a  safe  (and  happy)  republic,  as  I,  in  being  urgent  in  this  cause, 
am  not  moved  by  any  savage  or  revengeful  spirit  (for  who  is  more 
lenient  than  I  ?)  but  by  an  unusual  feeling  of  humanity  and  kind- 
ness." 

2  Versatur  mihi  ante  oculos.  "  There  is  presented  before  my  eyes 
in  busy  occupation." 

3  Ex  fatis.      '•  In  accordance  with  the  decrees  of  the  fates." 

4 Ilanc  Gabinium,  &c.  "That  this  Gabinius  is  clothed  in 
purple." 

6  Ac  vexationem  Vestalium  virginum.  u  And  the  distress  and 
outrage  of  Vestal  virgins." 

6  Sumpserit  quam  acerbissimum  supplicium  de  servis.  "  Shall  have 
inflicted  punishment  of  any  degree  of  severity  upon  his  slaves." 
Literally,  "Shall  have  taken  satisfactory  punishment,  however 
severe,  from  his  slaves." 

7  Mihi  vero  {videretur)  importunus,  &c.  "  To  me,  indeed,  he  would 
uppsar  to  be  cruel  and  hard-hearted,  who  shall  have  omitted  to  as- 


ORATTO   l\r.   IN  CATir.i.\.\M.  173 

nierit  suum  dolorem  que  cruciatum  dolore  ac  cruciafu  no 
(•cutis.  Sic  nos  in  his  hominibus,  qui  voluonint  bracidare 
nos,  qui  conjuges,  qui  nostros  liberos;  quiconati  sunt  delete 
■ingnlaa  domoe  uniua  cujusque  nostrimi  et  hoc  univcrsum 
domicilium  reipubb'cae;  '  qui  egerunt  id,  ut  collocarcnt  gen- 
t ■  - 1 1 1  Allobrogum  in  vestigiis  hujus  nil »is  atque  in  cinere  de- 
fl&grati  imperii ;  si  faerimoB  vehementimimi,  habebimur  mise- 
rioordes;  sin  voluerimus  esse  remissiores,  Mania  summae 
c  nult'litatis  subeunda  est  nobis  in  pernicie  patriae  que  civium. 
Nisi  vero  L.  Caesar,  fortissimus  vir  et  amantissimux  lvipub- 
licae,  visus  est  nudiustius  3crudelior,  quuin  dixit  viruin 
suae  sororis,  lectissimae  feminae,  praesentem  et  audientem, 
privandum  esse  vita;  qjium  dixit  avum  interfectam  (esse), 
jussu  consulis,  que  ejus  impuberem  filium,  missum  a  patre 
legatum,  necatum  esse  in  carcere.  *  Quorum  quod  factum 
(fait)  simile  ?  quod  consilium  (fuit)  initum  delendae  rei- 
publicae  ?  Turn  voluntas  largitionis  versata  est  in  republica, 
et  quaedam  contentio  partium.  Atque  illo  tempore  avus 
liujus  Lentuli,  clarissimus  vir,  armatus  persecutus  est  Grac- 
ch uni :  ille  etiam  turn  accepit  grave  vulnus,  5  ne  quid  minue- 
retur  de  summa  republica :  hie  arcessit  Gallos  ad  evertenda 
fundamenta  reipublicae,  concitat  servitia,  vocat  Catilinam, 
"  attribuit  nos  Cethego  trucidandos,  ceteros  cives  Gabinio 

sujige  his  own  grief  and  suffering  by  the  grief  and  suffering  of  the 
guilty." 

1  Qui  egerunt  id,  &c.  "Who  have  aimed  to  establish  the  nation 
of  the  Allobroges  amidst  the  ruins  of  this  city  and  in  the  very  ashes 
of  a  burnt  (and  desolated)  empire." 

2  Fama  mammae  eruddUaUtt  "  The  infamy  of  the  greatest  cruelty 
will  have  to  be  endured  by  us  in  the  event  of  the  destruction  of  the 
country  and  the  citizens." 

3  Cruddior.     "  Too  cruel." 

4  Quorum  quod,  &c.  "Of  these  what  deed  was  similar"  to  the 
present  extraordinary  crime,  "what  plot  was  initiated  for  the  de- 
struction of  the  republic?"  Turn  voluntas  largitionis.  "  At  that 
period  a  disposition  of  corrupt  donation  and  largess  (towards  the 
people)  was  prevalent  in  the  republic. " 

.Ye  quid  minueretur,  &c.     l'  In  order  that  nothing  should  be  de- 
tracted from  the  welfare  of  the  republic." 
0  Attribuit  nosy  &c.     "  Consigns  us  to  Cethegus  to  be  butchered." 


174  OEATIO    IV.    IN   CATTLINAM. 

interficiendos,  urbem  Cassio  inflaminandam,  totam  It  alia  m 
Catilinae  vastandam  que  diripiendam.  Veremini,  censeo, 
ne,  in  hoc  tain  immani  ac  nefando  scelere,  videamini  statuisse 
aliquid  nimis  severius.  Multo  magis  est  verendum,  ne 
videamur,  renrissione  poenae,  (fuisse)  crudeles  in  patriam, 
qnam  ne,  severitate  animadversionis,  (videamur)  fuisse  nimis 

\vehementes  in  acerbissimos  hostes. 
VII.  14.  Sed  non  possum  dissimulare,  Patres  Conscripti, 
ea,  quae  exaudio.  Enim  jaciuntur  voces,  quae  perveniunt 
ad  meas  aures,  eorum,  1  qui  videntur  vereri,  ut  habeam  satis 
praesidii  ad  transigunda  ea,  quae  vos  statueritis  hodierno 
die.  Omnia  et  provisa  et  parata  et  constitute  sunt,  Patres 
Conscripti,  2  quum  mea  summa  cura  atque  diligentia,  turn 
etiam  multo  majore  voluntate  Romani  Populi,  ad  retinen- 
dum  summum  imperium  et  ad  conservandas  communes 
fortunas.  Omnes  homines  adsunt  omnium  ordinum,  denique 
omnium  aetatum ;  forum  est  plenum,  templa  circum  forum 
jnena,  omnes  aditus  hujus  templi  et  loci  pleni.  3  Enim 
haec  sola  causa  post  conditam  urbem  kiventa  est  (ea),  in  qua 
omnes  sentirent  unum  atque  idem,  praeter  eos,  qui,  quum 
viderent  esse  pereundum  sibi,  voluerunt  perire  cum  omnibus 
potius,  quain  soli.  Hosce  homines  ego  libenter  excipio  et 
secerno;  neque  puto  (eos  esse)  habendos  in  numero  impro- 
borum  civium,  sed  in  (numero)  acerbissimorum  hostium. 
Yero  ceteri,  immortales  dii  !  qua  frequentia,  quo  studio, 
qua  virtute  consentiunt  ad  communem  salutem  que  digni- 
tatem !      Quid    ego    hie    commemorem    Bomanos    equites  ? 

1  Qui  videntur  vereri,  ut  habeam,  &c.  "  Who  seem  to  fear  that  I 
may  not  have  in  readiness  sufficient  precautionary  aid  for  carrying 
into  effect  those   things  which   you  shall  decide   upon   this  day." 

Vereri  ut  is  negative. 

2  Quum  ....  turn  etiam,  &c.  "  Both  by  my  very  great  care,  &c. 
....  and  also  by  the  much  greater  zeal  of  the  Roman  people  to  per- 
petuate the  supreme  authority  and  to  protect  the  common  fortunes 
(and  interests  ."  Omnes  homines  adsunt,  &c.  "  All  men  are  ready  to 
assist,"  &c. 

3  Enim  liaec  sola  causa,  &c.  ' '  For  this  only  cause  since  the  build- 
ing of  the  city  has  been  found  to  be  one  in  which  all  entertained 
one  and  the  same  opinion,"  &o. 


DBATIO     IV.     IN     CATII.INAM.  175 

1  qui  ita  eonccdunt  vobis  sumniam  ordinis  que  consilii,  ut 
certent  vobist  sum  do  aruore  reipublicae  ;  quos,  revocai- 
(li.sscnsioiif  multorum  aimoiani  ad  .socictninu  que  concnr- 
diam  hujus  ordinis,  hodicnias  dies  atque  haec  causa  con- 
jungil  Fohiscum;  quam  conjunctionem,  confirmatam  in  meo 
consulatu,  si  tenuciimiis  perpetuam  in  republica,  oonfirmo 
vobis,  nullum  civile  ac  domestical u  malum  posthac 
venturum  ad  ullam  partem  reipublicae.  Video  tribunos 
aerarios,  fortissimos  viros,  pari  studio  convenisse  defendendae 
reipublicae;  item  universos  scribas;  quos  quum  hie  dies 
casu  2  frequentasset  ad  aerarium,  video  esse  conversos  8  ab 
exspectatione  sortis  ad  communem  salutem.  4  Omnis  inulti- 
tudo  ingenuorum  adest,  etiam  tenuissimorum.  Enim  quis 
est,  cui  haec  tenipla,  adspectus  urbis,  possessio  libertatis, 
denique  haec  ipsa  lux,  et  hoc  commune  solum  patriae,  non 
sit  quum  carum,  turn  vero  dulce  atque  jucundum  ? 

VIII.  6  Est  pretium  operae,  Patres  Conscripti,  cognoscere 
studia  libertinorum  hominum ;  qui  consecuti  sua  virtute 
fortunam   hujus   civitatis,    judicant    hanc    esse  vere  suam 


1  Qui  ita  concedunt,  &c.  "  Who  concede  to  you  the  chief  place  of 
precedence  and  administration  only  to  become  your  rivals  in  love 
and  devotion  to  the  republic ;  whom,  recovered  after  a  disagreement 
of  many  years  to  the  alliance  and  friendship  of  this  body,  this  day 
and  this  cause  unites  with  you  (for  the  common  welfare) ;  which 
union  re-assured  in  my  consulship,  if  we  shall  keep  perpetual  in  the 
republic,  I  pledge  my  word  to  you,  that  no  civil,"  kc. 
1  Fi-ajni  utifr^ct.  "  Had  assembled  in  large  numbers." 
3Ab  exspecUUione  sortis.  • '  From  the  expected  assignment  of  their 
places  by  the  lot."  The  public  scribes  had  their  relative  positions 
determined  by  the  use  of  the  lot.  This  important  transaction  they 
neglected  to  attend  to  on  the  present  occasion,  from  an  absorbing  in- 
terest in  the  public  welfare. 

4  Omnis  multitudo  ingenuorum^  &c.  "  The  whole  multitude  of 
free-born  citizens  are  ready  to  assist,  even  those  of  the  very  hum- 
blest pretensions. 

5  Est  pretium  operae,  &c.  "  It  is  worth  while,  Conscript  Fathers, 
to  observe  the  extraordinary  zeal  of  the  freedmen,  who,  having  ob- 
tained by  their  merit  the  privilege  of  this  citizenship,  judge  this  to 
be  truly  their  country  (and  glory  in  it  as  such),  which  certain  per- 
sons born  here,  and  born  in  the  highest  condition,  have  judged  not 
to  be  their  own  country,  but,  as  it  were,  an  enemy's  city. " 


176  ORATIO    IV.    IN   CATTLINAM. 

patriam,  quam  quidam  nati  hie,  et  nati  summo  loco,  judi- 
cavenmt  non  esse  suam  patriam,  sed  urbem  hostium.  Sed 
quid  ego  commemoro  homines  hujusce  ordinis,  quos  privatae 
fortunae,  quos  communis  respublica,  quos  denique  libertas, 
ea,  quae  est  dulcissima,  excitavit  ad  defendendam  salutem 
patriae  ?  Est  nemo  servus,  qui  sit  modo  tolerabili  condi- 
tione  servitutis,  qui  non  perhorrescat  audaciam  civium  ;  ]  qui 
non  cupiat  haec  stare ;  qui  non  conferat  ad  communem 
salutem  tantum  voluntatis,  quantum  audet  et  quantum 
potest.  2  Quare,  si  hoc  quod  auditum  est  forte  commovet 
quern  vestrum,  quendam  lenonem  Lentuli  concursare  circuni 
tabernas,  sperare  animos  egentium  atque  imperitoruni  posse 
sollicitari  pretio ;  id  quidem  coeptum  atque  tentatum  est, 
sed  nulli  inventi  sunt  aut  tarn  miseri  fortuna  aut  perditi 
voluntate,  qui  non  velint  ilium  ipsum  locum  sellae  atque 
operis  et  quotidiani  quaestus,  qui  non  (velint)  suum  cubile 
ac  lectulum,  qui  denique  non  (velint)  hunc  otiosum  cursum 
suae  vitae  esse  salvum.  9  Multo  maxima  pars  vero  eorum, 
qui  sunt  in  tabernis,  nisi  vero  (enim  id  potius  est  dicendum) 
hoc  universum  genus  est  amantissimum  otii.     Etenim  omne 


1  Qui  non  cupiat,  &c.  "  Who  does  not  wish  these  (public  in- 
terests) to  stand  (and  remain  unchanged) :  who  does  not  contribute 
to  the  common  safety  (and  support)  as  much  of  personal  good -will 
(and  influence)  as  he  dares  and  is  able  to  render." 

2  Quare,  sihoc  ....  forte,  &c.  "Wherefore  if  this,  which  has  been 
reported,  chance  to  excite  the  apprehension  of  any  of  you,  viz.,  that 
a  certain  vile  agent  of  Lentulus  is  running  round  the  shops  and 
taverns  in  the  hope  (Literally,  "that  he  hopes")  that  the  minds  of 
the  needy  and  ignorant  can  be  (bought)  and  solicited  by  bribery 
(let  me  say  for  the  relief  of  such),  that  this  thing,  indeed,  has  been 
begun  and  attempted,  but  none  were  found  either  so  wretched  in 
fortune,"  &c.  Qui  non  {velint),  &c.  "  As  not  to  wish  that  that  same 
spot  of  their  (customary)  seat  and  work  and  daily  gains  ....  Hunc 
otiosum,  &c.  "  This  peaceful  course  of  their  habitual  life  should 
be  (perpetuated  and)  rendered  safe  from  disturbance. " 

3  Multo  maxima,  &c.  By  much  the  greatest  part  of  those  who 
are  in  the  shops,  unless  indeed,  which  is  rather  to  be  said,  this 

,  whole  class  (without  an  exception)  is  usually  ardeutly  desirous  of 
a  state  of  repose."  ....  Sustentatur  frequentia,  &c.  "  Is  sustained 
by  a  throng  and  multitude  of  citizons,  fostered  by  the  prevalence  of 
peace." 


ORATIO    IV.    IN    CATII.IWM.  177 

iiiNtniinriihiiii,  omnia  opera  atque  quaestus  sustentatur  fre- 
quentia  oivium,  alitur  otio:  'quorum  si  quaestus  solet 
niimii,  tabernis ooolnsis,  quid  tandem  fuit  futurum,  (tabernis) 
tncensiB? 

IX.  Quum  quae  sint  ita,  Patres  Conscript  i,  praesidia 
Romani  populi  non  desunt  vobis: 2  providete,  ne  vos  videamini 
deesse  Romano  populo.  Habetis  consulem  3  reservatum  ex 
plurimis  periculis  et  insidiis,  atque  ex  media  morte,  non  ad 
suam  vitam,  sed  ad  vest  rum  salutem  ;  onines  ordines  consen- 
tiunt  mente,  voluntate,  studio,  virtute,  4  voce,  ad  conservan- 
dam  rempublicam  ;  communis  patria,  obsessa  facibus  et  telis 
impiae  conjurationis,  Btendit  manus  vobis,  supplex  ;  vobis 
commendat  86,  vobis  vitam  omnium  civium,  vobis  arcem  et 
Capitolium,  vobis  aras  Penatium,  vobis  ilium  sempiternum 
ignem  Vestae,  vobis  omnia  templa  atque  delubra  deorum, 
vobis  muros  et  tecta  urbis.  6  Praeterea  judicandum  (est) 
vobis  hodierno  die  de  vestra  vita,  de  anima  vestrarum  con- 
jugum  atque  liberorum,  de  fortunis  omnium,  de  sedibus,  de 
vest ris  focis.  Habetis  ducem  memorem  vestri,  oblitum  sui, 
7  quae  facultas  non  semper  datar ;  habetis  omnes  ordines, 
omnes  homines,  universum  Romanum  populum,  8  id  quod 
videmus    primum    hodierno  die  in  civili  causa,  sentientem 


1  Quorum  si  quaestus,  &c.  ' '  If  the  gains  of  these  are  usually 
diminished  by  the  (temporary)  closing  of  the  shops,  what  was  to  be 
expected  if  these  shops  were  burned  to  the  ground,  in  the  disorder  of 
civil  war  ?  " 

2  Providete  ne,  &c.  "  See  to  it  that  you  do  not  seem  to  be  wanting 
(in  zeal  and  support)  to  the  Roman  people." 

3  Reservatum.  u  Expressly  and  providentially  saved."  ....  Non 
ad  suam  vitam.    M  Not  with  a  view  to  his  own  life."  Sed  ad  vestram 

&m.     "  But  with  a  view  to  your  safety." 

4  Voce.     "  By  open  and  audible  declarations  of  attachment." 

6  Tendit  marvus,  &c.  "  Stretches  out  her  hands  to  you  as  a  sup- 
pliant :  to  you  she  commends  herself,  to  you,"  &c. 

6  Praeterea  judicandum  (est).  "  Moreover  a  decision  is  to  be  made 
by  you  this  day,"  &c. 

1  Quae  facultas,  &c.  u  Which  boon  or  advantage  is  not  always 
accorded  in  similar  circumstances." 

B  Id  quod  videmus,  &c.  "  A  thing  which  we  see  for  the  first  time 
this  day,"  &0. 

8* 


178  ORATIO    IV.    IN   CATTLINAM. 

unum  atque  idem.  1  Cogitate,  una  nox  paene  delerit  ini- 
perium  quantis  laboribus  fundatum,  libertatem  quanta  vir- 
tute  stabilitam.  fortunas  auctas  que  exaggeratas  quanta  be- 
nignitate  deorum.  Est  providendum  hodierno  die,  ne  id  un- 
quam  posthac  possit  2  non  modo  confici,  sed  ne  quidem 
cogitari  a  civibus.  Atque  locutus  sum  haec,  non  ut  excita- 
rem  vos,  qui  paene  3  praecurritis  mihi  studio  ;  sed  ut  mea 
vox,  quae  debet  esse  princeps  in  republica,  videretur  functa 
(fuisse)  consulari  officio. 

X.  Nunc,  Patres  Conscripti,  antequam  redeo  ad  (rogan- 
dam)  sententiam,  dicam  pauca  de  me  (ipso).  *  Ego  video  me 
suscepisse  tantam  multitudinem  inimicorum,  quanta  est 
manus  conjuratorum,  quam  videtis  esse  permagnam,  sed 
judico  earn  esse  turpem,  infirmam  et  abjectam.  6  Quod  si 
aliquando  ista  manus,  concitata  furore  et  scelere  alicujus, 
valuerit  plus,  quam  vestra  (dignitas)  ac  dignitas  reipublicae,  >\* 
tamen  nunquam,  Patres  Conscripti,  poenitebit  me  meorum 
factorum  atque  consiliorum.  Efcenirn  mors,  quam  illi  foftasse 
minitantur  mihi,  parata  est  omnibus  :  °  tantam  laudem  vltae, 
quanta  vos  honestastis  me  vestris  decretis,  nemo  assecutus 
est.  Enim  decrevistis  ceteris  gratulationem  7  bene  gesta 
(republica),  mihi  uni  conservata  republica.      Sit  ille  Scipio 


1  Cogitate,  una  nox,  &c.  "  Just  think  of  it,  one  night  might  have 
blotted  out  an  empire  established  with  how  great  labor,  i.e.,  with 
indescribable  labor,  a  liberty  assured  and  rendered  stable  with  how 
great  public  virtue,"  &c. 

2  Non  modo  confici,  &c.  "  May  be  not  only  not  accomplished,  but 
not  even  meditated  by  (unworthy)  citizens." 

3  Praecurritis.     ' '  Outrun. " 

4  Ego  video  me  suscepisse,  &c.  "  I  perceive  that  I  have  enlisted 
against  myself  as  great  a  number  of  personal  enemies,"  &c. 

3  Quod  si  aliquando,  &c.  "  But  if  at  any  time  that  band  of  con- 
spirators, roused  into  activity  by  the  mad  and  criminal  purpose  of 
any  one,  should  avail  more  than,  i.e.,  should  gain  the  ascendancy 
over  your  dignity  and  the  authority  of  the  republic,"  &c. 

6  Tantam  laudem  vitae,  &c.  "  But  such  distinction  of  life  as  you 
have  honored  me  with  by  your  decrees,  no  one  has  attained." 

T  Bene  gesta  ....  conservata  republica.  ' '  A  successfully  con- 
ducted government  ....  a  rescued  and  preserved  republic. " 


ORATIO    IV.    IN    CATII.INAM.  L79 

clams,  cujus  consilio  atque  virtute  Hannibal  OOiOtafl  est  ve- 
dire  in  AtYu-am  atque  deoedere  Italia  ;  alter  (Scipio)  AiVi- 
canus  oruetur  eximia  laude,  qui  delevit  duas  urbes  intrstis- 
simas  huio  imperio,  Carthaginem  que  Numantiain  ;  ille 
Paullui  habeatur  egregiu*  vir,  '  cujus  ourrum  Penes,  quon- 
ilam  potentissimus  et  nobilissimus  tvx,  iionestavit :  Marius 
sit  aeterna  gloria,  qui  bis  libera vit  Italiam  a  obsidione  et  nict  u 
servitutis  :  Pompeius  anteponatur  omnibus,  cujus  res  gestae 
atque  virtutes  continentur  iisdem  regionibus  ac  tenninis, 
quibus  cursus  solis  (coutinetur) ;  erit  profecto  inter  laudes 
horum  3  aliquid  loci  nostrae  gloriae  ;  nisi  forte  est  ma  jus 
patefacere  provincias  nobis,  quo  possinius  exire,  *  (juaui 
curare,  ut  etiam  illi,  qui  absunt,  habeant  quo  revertantur 
victores.  ?  Quamquam  conditio  externae  victoriae  est  6  unp 
loco  melior  quam  domesticae  (victoriae),  6  quod  alienigenae 
hostes  aut  oppressi  serviunt,  aut  recepti  putant  se  obligates 
(esse)  beneficio  :  qui  autem  ex  numero  civium,  depravati 
aliqua  dementia,  semel  coeperunt  esse  hostes  patriae,  eos, 
quum  repuleris  a  pernicie  reipublicae,  possis  nee  coercere  vi 
nee  placare  beneficio  ;  quare  video  aeternum  bellum  suscep- 
tum  esse  mihi  cum  perditis  civibus.  7  Ego  confido  id  (bellum), 

1  Cujus  currum  Perses.  "Whose  (triumphal)  chariot  Perses,  once 
a  very  powerful  and  illustrious  king-,  adorned  "  as  a  captive. 

2  Obsidione  et  metu  servitutis.  r  From  siege  and  the  fear  of  sub- 
jection to  a  foreign  foe." 

3  Aliquid  loci.     "  Some  room." 

4  QiXam  curare,  ut,  &c.  "  Than  to  provide  (by  the  exercise  of  skill 
and  energy  in  the  civil  administration)  that  those  also,  who  arc  ab- 
sent (in  the  military  service  of  the  republic)  may  have  a  country  to 
return  to  as  victors." 

6  Uno  loco.     "  In  one  particular." 

6  Quod  alienigenae  hostes,  &c.  "Because  foreign  enemies  are 
either  overcome  and  brought  into  subjection,  or  being  received  (into 
alliance),  think  themselves  to  be  bound  to  gratitude  by  the  favor  and 
indulgence.  But  whoever,  from  the  number  of  citizens,  becoming 
perverted  by  some  criminal  madness,  have  once  begun  to  be  enemies 
to  their  country — these  persons,  when  you  shall  have  deterred  them 
from  working  the  destruction  of  the  republic,  you  can  neither 
coerce  by  violence  nor  conciliate  by  kindness." 

7  Ego  confido  id  (beUum),  &c.  "  I  trust  that  that  war  (of  disap- 
pointed conspirators),  through  your  aid  and  the  aid  of  all  good  men, 


ISO  OEATIO   IV.    IN   CATILINAM. 

vestro  (auxilio)  que  auxilio  omnium  bonorum,  que  memoria 
tantorum  periculorum,  quae  semper  haerebit  non  modo  in 
hoc  populo,  qui  servatus  est,  sed  etiam  in  sermonibus  ac 
mentibus  omnium  gentium,  posse  facile  propulsari  a  me 
atque  a  meis.  Neque  profecto  ulla  tanta  vis  reperietur,  quae 
possit  confringere  et  labefactare  vestrain  conjunctionem  que 
(conjunctionem)  Romanorum  equitum,  et  tantam  conspira- 
tionem  omnium  bonorum. 

XI.  Quum  quae  ita  sint,  Patres  Conscripti,  a  pro  im- 
perio,  pro  exercitu,  pro  provincia,  quam  neglexi,  pro  trium- 
pho  que  ceteris  insignibus  laudis,  quae  repudiata  sunt  a  me 
propter  custodiam  urbis  que  vestrae  salutis,  pro  clientelis 
que  hospistiis  provinciarum,  quae  tarn  en  urbanis  opibus 
tueor  non  minore  labore  quam  comparo  :  pro  omnibus  his 
rebus  igitur,  pro  meis  singularibus  studiis  in  vos  que  pro 
hac  diligentia.,  quam  conspicitis,  ad  conservandam  rempubli- 
cam,  postulo  nihil  a  vobis,  nisi  memoriam  hujus  temporis, 
que  mei  totius  consulatus ;  dum  quae  erit  fixa  in  vestris  men- 
tibus, arbitrabor  me  septum  esse  tutissimo  muro.  2  Quod  si 
vis  improborum  fefellerit  atque  superaverit  meam  spem,  com- 
mendo  vobis  meum  parvum  filium ;  3  cui  profecto  erit  satis 

k 

and  from  the  remembrance  of  so  great  perils  (warded  off  by  my  exer- 
tions), which  will  always  remain  fixed  not  only  in  this  people,  which 
has  been  preserved,  but  also  in  the  discourse  and  thoughts  of  all 
nations,  can  easily  be  averted  (in  any  evil  consequences  and  effects), 
from  me  and  from  mine." 

1  Pro  imperio,  &c.  "  In  the  place  of  empire,"  the  dominion  of 
the  province  of  Macedonia.  Cicero  enumerates  here  the  various 
advantages  he  relinquished  in  order  to  watch  and  circumvent  the 
conspiracy  of  Catiline.  Pro  clientelis  que  hospistiis  provinciarum. 
"  In  the  place  of  the  clientships  and  relations  of  friendship  and  hos- 
pitality which  I  might  have  had  in  the  provinces,  and  which  never- 
theless by  my  city  resources  I  support  (at  home)  with  no  less  labor 
than  I  procure  them  (so  much  do  I  value  them),  &c.  (In  the 
place  of  all  these  things,  which  I  have  sacrificed)  I  ask  nothing  from 
you,  but  the  memory  of  this  crisis  and  of  my  whole  consulship. " 

2  Quod  si  vis,  &c.  "  But  if  the  violence  of  the  wicked  shall  dis- 
appoint and  prevail  over  my  hope,"  &c. 

3  Cui  prof  ecto  erit.  "  To  whom  it  will  prove  a  sufficient  guaran- 
tee not  only  for  safety,  but  also  for  future  distinction  and  advance- 
ment," &c. 


ORATIO   IV.   IN   CATILINAM.  181 

praesidii,  non  solum  ad  salutem,  verum  etiam  ad  dignitatem, 
si  niemineritis  ilium  esse  nlium  ejus,  qui  conservaverit  omnia 
haec  suo  periculo  solius.  Quapropter,  Patres  Conscript  i ,  do 
vestra  summa  salute  que  (salute)  Romani  populi,  de  veatria 
conjugibus  ac  libcris,  de  aris  ac  focis,  de  fanis  atque  templis, 
de  tectis  ac  sedibus  totius  urbis,  de  imperio  ac  libertate,  de 
salute  Italiae,  de  universa  republica,  '  decernite  diligenter  ac 
fortiter,  ut  instituistis.  Habetis  eum  consulem,  qui  non 
dubitet  parere  vestris  decretis  et  possit  defendere  *  et  per  se- 
ipsum  praestare  ea,  quae  statueritis,  quoad  vivet. 

1  Decernite  diligenter,  &c.  u  (Deliberate)  and  decide  with  promp- 
titude and  firmness,  as  you  have  already  begun  to  do." 

*Et  per  sc-ipmm  praestare.  "  And  himself  be  responsible  for  tho 
complete  execution  of  what  you  shall  determine,  as  long  as  he 
lives." 


klBKAJU 
CALIFORNIA 


INTKODUCTION 


TO  THE 


ORATION  IN  BEHALF  OF  T.  ANNIUS  MILO. 


This  oration  was  delivered  at  a  period  of  much  public 
disorder  and  irregularity  at  Rome.  T.  Annius  Milo  and  P. 
Clodius,  both  of  them  men  of  rank,  had  long  been  personal 
antagonists  and  political  opponents.  They  had  already  en- 
countered one  another  with  open  violence  amidst  the  politi- 
cal dissensions  of  the  day,  and  commonly  went  attended 
with  armed  supporters  or  protected  by  a  body-guard  of  their 
own  slaves.  The  consular  elections  had  been  deferred,  and 
were  still  in  abeyance,  in  consequence  of  the  turbulence  of 
the  times,  it  being  pretty  well  understood  by  the  Clodian 
party  that  Milo,  who  was  a  candidate  for  the  consulship, 
would  be  likely  to  succeed  if  the  canvass  were  permitted  to 
take  place.  It  was  just  at  this  crisis,  when  the  hopes  of 
Milo  were  becoming  brighter,  and  the  elections  seemed  to  be 
more  certainly  at  hand,  that  the  transactions  occurred  that 
laid  the  foundation  for  the  present  -prosecution  of  Milo,  and 
eventuated  in  the  destruction  of  all  his  personal  prospects. 
Milo  had  occasion  to  go  to  his  native  town  of  Lanuvium,  for 
the  purpose  of  appointing  and  inaugurating  a  local  priest 
there  to  have  charge  of  certain  religious  ceremonies.  He  set 
out  to  go  thither,  accordingly,  accompanied  by  his  wife  and 
a  large  body  of  attendants,  consisting  in  part  also  of  armed 
slaves  and  one  or  two  professional  gladiators.     On  the  way 


INTRODUCTION.  1  S.°, 

out  he  encounters  the  party  of  Clodius,  who  were  returning 
to  Rome,  consisting  .also  of  a  considerable  body  of  armed 
retainers.  The  two  bodies  had  already  passed  one  another 
on  the  road,  when  an  altercation  taking  place  between  the 
gladiators  of  Milo  and  some  of  the  slaves  of  Clodius,  t  ln- 
latter  rode  up,  and,  interfering  with  some  asperity  and 
promptness  in  the  affray,  he  received  a  severe  thrust  in  the 
shoulder  from  one  of  the  gladiators,  and  had  to  be  conveyed 
to  a  neighboring  inn  at  Bovillae.  In  the  mean  time  Milo  is 
summoned  to  the  scene  of  the  conflict.  He  orders  an  attack 
to  be  made  upon  the  house  where  Clodius  was,  and,  as  was 
alleged,  had  him  dragged  forth  and  dispatched  on  the  public 
highway.  The  body  of  Clodius  was  taken  up  by  one  of  his 
partisans  and  carried  to  Rome,  where  the  news  of  his  death 
had  created  already  an  intense  excitement  among  the  popu- 
lace. Sextus  Clodius,  a  kinsman  of  the  slaughtered  man, 
embraced  the  occasion  to  turn  the  tide  of  popular  indignation 
against  Milo.  He  had  the  body  of  the  deceased  conveyed  to 
the  senate-house,  a  funeral-pyre  was  constructed  of  the 
benches  and  furniture  of  the  building,  and  the  building 
itself  was  consumed  in  the  confusion  and  conflagration  and 
madness  of  the  hour,  and  at  the  same  time  the  flame  of 
popular  fury  was  roused  by  the  most  violent  harangues  ad- 
dressed to  the  mob.  In  this  imminent  crisis  the  Senate 
assembled  with  haste,  and  created  Pompey  sole  Consul  of 
Rome,  and  invested  him  with  unlimited  power  to  call  out 
military  forces  and  to  take  measures,  at  discretion,  to  settle 
the  disorders  of  the  times.  Among  other  measures,  Pompey 
proceeded  to  appoint  a  special  tribunal  for  the  trial  of  Milo 
on  the  charge  of  the  homicide  of  Clodius.  It  is  before  this 
tribunal  that  the  present  oration  of  Cicero  purports  to  have 
been  delivered.  "We  say,  purports,  because  the  fact  seems 
to  be  that  the  oration  which  Cicero  actually  delivered  on 
that  occasion  was  intercepted  by  his  own  trepidation  and 
want  of  self-command,  and  fell  short  of  his  usual  power  and 
success.     Milo  was  condemned  and  sent  into  banishment. 


184:  INTRODUCTION. 

The  present  oration  was  afterwards  reproduced  and  sent 
to  Milo  in  his  exile,  who  recognized  its  extraordinary  merit, 
and  declared  that  he  would  not  then  be  in  exile,  enjoying 
himself  amidst  the  luxuries  of  Massilia,  if  the  speech  had 
had  its  unobstructed  place  before  the  appointed  tribunal. 
It  is,  in  fact,  the  most  elaborate  and  truly  intellectual  of 
the  efforts  of  the  genius  of  Cicero.  His  skilful  introduc- 
tion, extricating  the  case  from  adverse  appearances  and  even 
turning  them  to  his  own  account ;  his  ingenious  and  plausible 
version  of  the  facts  connected  with  the  encounter  of  Milo 
and  Clodius,  and  the  manner  of  the  latter's  death ;  his  reso- 
lution of  the  whole  case  into  an  ambuscade  on  the  one  side 
or  the  other,  and  pressing  the  question  in  every  form,  Which 
laid  the  plot  for  the  destruction  of  the  other  ?  and  the  mar- 
vellous array  of  circumstantial  evidence  and  minute  dissec- 
tion of  individual  motives  and  influences,  all  tending  to  ex- 
culpate his  own  client,  and  to  fasten  criminality  on  his 
rival, — these  things,  together  with  the  passages  of  customary 
brilliancy  and  eloquence  found  in  all  his  orations — and  no- 
where more  prominent  than  here, — mark  this  out  as  the 
ablest,  as  it  is  the  most  intellectual  and,  in  the  fullest  sense, 
authentic  of  all  the  orations  of  Cicero. 


L  I  I)  !,'   \ 

i 

!ALI]  [.\ 

ORATIO 

PRO   T.  ANNIO    MILONE 


I.  *  Etsi  vereor,  Judices,  ne  sit  turpe  (me),  incipientem 
dicere  pro  fortissimo  viro,  timere  ;  que  minime  deceat,  quum 
T.  Annius  ipse  perturbetur  magis  de  salute  reipublicae  quam 
de  sua  (salute),  me  non  posse  afferre  ad  ejus  causam  parem 
magnitudinem  animi;  tamen  haec  nova  forma  novi  judicii 
terret  oculos,  qui,  quocunque  inciderunt,  requirunt  veterem 
consuetudinem  fori  et  pristinum  morem  judiciorum:  enim 
vester  consessus  non  cinctus  est  2  corona,  ut  solebat ;  stipati 
sumus  non  usitata  frequentia ;  nam  ilia  praesidia,  quae  cer- 
nitis  pro  omnibus  templis,  etsi  collocata  sunt  contra  vim, 
$  tamen  non  afferunt  aliquid  oratori ;  ut  in  foro  et  in  judicio, 

1  Etn  vereor,  &c.  "  Although  I  am  apprehensive,  Judges,  that  it 
may  be  discreditable  for  me,  in  beginning  to  speak  in  behalf  of  a 
very  brave  man,  to  manifest  fear ;  and  by  no  means  a  seemly  thing, 
since  T.  Annius  (Milo)  is  himself  concerned  more  for  the  safety  of 
the  republic  than  for  his  own  safety,  not  to  be  able  to  bring  to  his 
cause  a  like  (elevation  and)  greatness  of  mind ;  nevertheless  (I  can- 
not deny)  that  this  novel  form  of  a  new  species  of  trial  (disquiets) 
and  affrights  my  eyes,  which,  whithersoever  they  have  fallen,  look 
in  vain  for  the  former  practice  of  the  forum  and  the  ancient  usage 
of  judicial  proceedings." 

2  Corona,  ut  solebat,  &c.  "By  a  circle  of  citizens  such  as  was 
wont  "to  assemble  on  these  occasions.  "We  are  attended  by  no 
customary  throng  "  of  spectators. 

8  Tamen  non  afferunt,  &c.  "  Nevertheless  do  not  bring  any  feel- 
ing of  security  to  the  orator ;  so  that  (here)  in  the  forum  and  in  a 
public  trial,  although  we  are  surrounded  by  salutary  and  needful 
guards,  still  we  cannot  be  entirely  free  from  fear  without  (there 


186  OKATIO  PRO  T.  ANNIO  MTLONE. 

quamquam  sumus  septi  salutaribus  et  necessariis  praesidiis, 
taraen  ne  quidem  possimus  non  timere  sine  aliquo  timore ; 
quae  si  putarem  '  opposita  Miloni,  cedereru  tempori,  Judices : 
nee  existimarem  inter  tantam  vim  armorum  esse  locum  ora- 
tori;  sed  consilium  Cn.  Pompeii,  sapientissimi  et  justissimi 
viri  recreat  et  reficit  me:  2  qui  profecto  putaret  esse  nee 
suae  justitiae,  dedere  eundem  telis  militum,  quern,  reum, 
tradidisset  sententiis  judicum ;  nee  sapientiae,  armare  teme- 
ritatem  concitatae  multitudinis  publica  auctoritate.  Quam- 
obrem  ilia  arma,  centuriones,  cohortes  non  denunciant  peri- 
culum  nobis,  sed  praesidium;  que  hortantur,  ne  solum  ut 
simus  quieto  [animo],  sed  etiam  ut  [simus]  magno  animo ; 
que  pollicentur  ne  modo  auxilium,  verum  etiam  silentium, 
meae  defensioni.  Vero  reliqua  multitudo,  quae  quidem  est 
civium,  est  tota  nostra;  neque  [est]  quisque  eorum,  quos 
cernitis  undique  intuentes  ex  hoc  ipso  loco,  unde  aliqua  pars 
fori  potest  aspici,  et  expectantes  exitum  hujus  judicii,  [qui] 
3  non  quum  favet  yirtuti  Milonis,  turn  putat  decertari  hodi- 
erno  die  de  se,  de  suis  liberis,  de  patria,  de  fortunis. 

II.  Unum  genus  [civium]  est  adversum  que  infestum 
nobis,  [scilicet  genus]  eorum,  quos  furor  P.  Clodii  pavit 
rapinis,  incendiis  et  omnibus  publicis  exitiis  ;  4  qui  hesterna 

being  in  reality)  any  (sufficient)  cause  of  apprehension."  Timore  is 
used  here  as  a  cause  of  fear  and  not  the  sentiment  or  feeling  itself. 
1  Opposita  Miloni  "  Adverse  to  the  interests  of  Milo." 
8  Qui  profecto  putaret,  &c.  "  Who  truly  would  deem  that  it  be- 
longed neither  to  his  justice  to  deliver  up  the  same  person  to  the 
armed  violence  of  soldiers  whom  (already),  as  an  accused  person, 
he  had  handed  over  to  the  decisions  of  the  civil  judges,  nor  to  his 
wisdom,"  &c. 

3  Non  quum  favet.  "Who  is  not  both  favorable  to  the  meritorious 
claims  of  Milo  and  who  does  not  at  the  same  time  consider  that  the 
contest  is  to-day  for  himself,  his  children,  his  country,  and  his  (per- 
sonal) fortunes."     Quum  ....  turn.     "  Both  .  .  .  .  and." 

4  Qui  hesterna  concione,  &c.  "Who  in  yesterday's  assembly  and 
harangue  were  instigated  to  the  presumption  of  dictating  to  you 
beforehand  what  judgment  you  should  form  "  in  the  present  case. 
"Whose  outcry  and  clamor,  if  there  shall  chance  to  be  any,  will 
justly  have  the  effect  only  to  admonish  you  of  the  necessity  of  re- 
taining him  as  a  citizen,  viz.,  Milo,  who  always,"  &c. 


ORATTO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  1ST 

condone  etiani  indtati  sunt,  nt  praeirent  vobis  voce,  quid 
judirmvtis ;  quorum  damor,  si  forte  fun-it  qui,  debebit 
ndmonere  vos,  ut  retineatis  cum  (Miloram)  civem,  <|ui  tem- 
per neglexit  ilhul  genua  lioiiiinuin  que  taajdmoB  olamoree 

pro  vrstra   salute.      Quamoluvm  '  adrstc   annuls,   judicrs,   et 

deponite  kimorem,  si  Uabetifl  (ali)qunn.  Nam  si  unqtiam 
fuit  vobis  potestas  judicandi  de  bonis  et  fortibus  viris,  si 
nnquani  de  bene  meritis  civibus :  2  si  denique  unquam  locus 
datus  est  delectis  viris  amplissimorum  ordinum  ubi  declara- 
rent,  re  et  sententiis,  sua  studia  erga  fortes  et  bonos  cives, 
quae  saepe  significassent  vultu  et  verbis ;  profecto  hoc  tem- 
pore vos  habetis  omnem  earn  potestatem,  ut  statuatis,  utrum 
nos,  qui  semper  dediti  fuimus  vestrae  auctoritati,  semper 
lugeamus  miseri;  an  diu  vexati  a  perditissimis  civibus, 
aliquando  recreemur  per  vos  ac  vestram  fidem,  virtutem  que 
sajiicntiam.  3  Quid  enim  potest  dici  aut  fingi  laboriosius, 
quid  magis  solicitum,  magis  exercitum  nobis  duobus,  qui, 
adducti  ad  rempublicam  spe  amplissimorum  praemiorum, 
non  possumus  carere  metu  crudelissimorum  suppliciorum. 
4  Semper  putavi  equidem  ceteras^Smpestates  et  procellas,  in 

1  Adeste  ani?nis,  judices,  &c.  "Be  prompt  and  resolute,  judges, 
in  performing  your  present  duty,  and  lay  aside  fear,  if  you  have 
any." 

denique  unquam,.  "If,  in  fine,  ever  an  opportunity  was  given 
to  selected  men  of  the  highest  rank  to  manifest  by  their  actions  and 
judicial  decisions  their  approval  and  favor  towards  brave  and  good 
citizens,  such  as  they  have  often  signified  by  their  looks  and  words  ; 
certainly  at  this  time  you  have  this  opportunity  to  the  full,  so  that 
you  have  it  in  your  power  to  decide  whether  we,  who  have  always 
been  devoted  to  your  authority,  shall  continue  to  grieve  in  wretched- 
ness ;  or,  after  having  been  for  a  long  time  harassed  by  abandoned 
citizens,  shall  at  length  be  re  animated  and  re-assured  through  you 
and  through  your  integrity,  virtue  and  wisdom." 

1  Quid  enim  potent,  &c.  k,\Vhat  truly  can  be  mentioned  or 
imagined  more  irksome  (and  annoying),  what  more  vexatious 
(and)  more  trying,  than  the  situation  of  us  two  (Cicero  and  Milo), 
who,  attracted  (as  we  are)  to  the  interests  of  the  republic  by  the 
hope  of  the  most  generous  rewards  (viz. ,  honorable  distinction  and 
office),  yet  cannot  at  any  time  be  free  from  the  fear  of  the  most 
cruel  punishments." 

*  Semper  putavi,  &c.     I  have  always  supposed,  indeed,  that  other 


188  ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

illis  fluctibus  concionum  dumtaxat,  esse  subeundas  Miloni, 
quod  semper  senserat  pro  bonis  contra  improbos  ;  vero  in 
judicio  et  in  eo  concilio,  in  quo  amplissimi  viri  ex  cunctis 
ordinibus  judicarent,  nunquam  existimavi  inimicos  Milonis 
habituros  esse  ullam  spem,  per  tales  viros,  non  modo  ad 
extinguendam  ejus  salutem  sed  etiam  (ad)  infringendam 
gloriam  '  Quamquam  in  hac  causa,  judices,  non  abutemur 
tribunatu  T.  Annii  que  omnibus  rebus  gestis  pro  salute  reipub- 
licae  ad  defensionem  hujus  criminis,  nisi  videritis  oculis  insi- 
dias  factas  esse  a  Clodio  Miloni :  nee  deprecaturi  sumus,  ut 
condonetis  hoc  crimen  nobis  propter  multa  praeclara  merita  in 
rempublicam;  nee  postulaturi  (sumus),  ut,  si  mors  P.  Clodii 
fuerit  vestra  salus,  idcirco  assignetis  earn  virtuti  Milonis, 
potius  quam  felicitati  Romani  populi  ;  sin  insidiae  illius 
fuerint  clariores  hac  luce,  turn  denique  obsecrabo  que  ob- 
testabor  vos,  j  udices,  si  amisimus  caetera,  a  ut  hoc  saltern 
relinquatur,  ut  liceat  impune  defendere  vitam  ab  audacia 
que  telis  inimicorum. 

III.  8  Sed  antequam  venio,  ad  earn  orationem,  quae  est 


tempests  and  storms  (such  as  occur),  in  those  surgings  of  popular 
assemblies  at  least  (that  sometimes  arise),  were  to  be  undergone  (and 
submitted  to)  by  Milo,  because  he  had  always  taken  sides  in  opinion 
for  the  good  against  the  vicious  and  depraved  ;  but  in  a  public  trial 
and  in  a  council  in  which  the  most  distinguished  men  of  all  orders 
were  to  exercise  judgment,  I  never  imagined  that  the  personal 
enemies  of  Milo  would  have  any  hope,  through  the  agency  of  such 
men,  of  destroying  his  safety  not  merely,  but  even  so  much  as  im- 
pairing his  reputation  and  glory." 

1  Quamquam  in  hoc  causa,  &c.  "And  yet  in  this  cause,  judges,  I 
will  not  avail  myself  of  the  (successful)  tribuneship  of  T.  Annius  and 
all  his  (praiseworthy)  actions  in  behalf  of  the  safety  of  the  republic, 
as  a  means  of  defence  against  this  charge,  unless  you  shall  see  with 
your  own  eyes  (and  be  convinced)  that  a  plot  was  made  by  Clodius 
for  (the  destruction  of)  Milo. 

*  Ut  hoc  saltern  relinquatur,  &c.  ' '  That  this  at  least  may  be  left 
to  us,  to  be  allowed  with  impunity  to  defend  our  life  from  the 
audacity  and  weapons  of  private  enemies." 

3  Sed  antequam  venio,  &c.  ' '  But  before  I  come  to  that  part  of  my 
public  plea,  which  belongs  properly  to  our  investigation,  those 
things  seem  to  require  to  be  refuted  which  have  both  been  thrown 
out  (in  discussion)  in  the  senate  by  our  friends  and  frequently  in 


OKA Tlo     PBO    T.     ANNIO    MILONE.  189 

propria  nostrae  quaestionis,  ea  videntur  esse  refutanda,  quae 
et  jactata  sunt  saepe  in  senatu  ah  auiicis,  »>t  aaepe  in  concione 
ab  iniprobis,  et  jam  paulo  ant*.'  ab  accusatoribus ;  ut,  oiuiii 
errore  sublata,  possitis  vidi'iv  plane  rein,  quae  venit  in  judi- 
cium. '  Negant  esse  fas  ei  iutueri  tuoem,  quifateatur  homi- 
uciu  oceisum  esse  a  se.  In  qua  urbe  tandem  stultissimi 
homines  disputant  hoc?  a  In  ea  nempe^  quae  vidit  piimum 
judicium  de  capite  M.  Horatii  fortissimi  viri :  qui,  oivitate 
nondum  libera,  tamen  liberatus  est  coinitiis  Komani  populi, 
3  quum  fateretur  sororem  interfectam  esse  sua  manu.  An 
est  quisquam,  qui  ignoret  hoc,  quum  quaeratur  de  homine 
occiso,  *  solere  aut  negari  esse  factum  onmino,  aut  defendi 
esse  factum  recte  ac  jure?  Nisi  vero  existimatis  P.  Afri- 
can um  fuisse  dementem,  qui,  quum  seditiose  interrogaretur 
a  C.  Carbone,  tribuno  plebis,  in  concione,  quid  sentiret  de 
morte  Tiberii  Gracchi,  responderit,  videri  [sibi]  caesuin 
[esse]  jure.  Enim  neque  posset  aut  ille  Ahala  Servilius, 
aut  P.  Nasica  aut  L.  Opimius  aut  C.  Marius  6  aut,  me  con- 
siile,  senatus  (ipse)  haberi  non  nefarius,  si  esset  nefas  scele- 
ratos  cives  interfici.     6  Itaque,  judices,  doctissimi  homines 


the  popular  assembly  by  the  ill-disposed,"  &c....ut,  omni  errore 
Huhhtta.     "  That,  all  erroneous  views  being  removed." 

1  Negant  esse  fas.  "  These  persons  allege  that  it  is  not  right  (or 
agreeable  to  justice)  for  him  (to  survive  and  to  continue)  to  look 
upon  the  light  of  day,  who  confesses  that  a  man  has  been  killed  by 
him,"  under  whatever  circumstances. 

2  In  ea  nempe.  See.  "  In  that,  to  be  sure,  that  witnessed  the  first 
trial  for  capital  crime  in  the  case  of  M.  Horatius." 

:<  Quumfati  re'"/:     "Although  he  confessed." 

4  ISolere  aut  negari,  etc.  "It  is  wont  to  be  the  case  either  that  a 
denial  is  made  that  the  thing  (the  homicide)  was  done  at  all,  or  a 
defence  is  interposed  that  it  was  done  lawfully  and  of  right." 

1 .1  >i1.  me  consnle.  etc  "  Or  under  my  consulship,  the  senate  itself 
be  esteemed  otherwise  than  criminal  (and  obnoxious),  if  it  be  not 
lawful  that  flagitious  citizens  be  put  to  death."  Cicero  refers  here 
to  the  action  of  the  senate  in  suppressing  the  conspiracy  of  Catiline. 

•  Hague,  ji/dirt-s.  doctut&ni,  &c.  "Therefore,  judges,  very 
learned  men  have  handed  down  to  memory,  not  without  good  rea- 
son, even  in  the  form  of  fictitious  fable  (and  dramatic  representa- 
tion) this  (transaction),  that  he  (viz.,  Orestes)  who,  with  a  view  to 
avenging  his  father,  had  slain  his  mother,  when  the   opinions  of 


190  ORATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

prodideiTint  memoriae  non  sine  causa,  etiam  fictis  fabulis, 
hoc  [factum],  eura,  qui,  causa  ulciscendi  patris,  necavisset 
matrem,  sententiis  liominum  variatis,  liberatum  [esse]  non 
solum  divina  [sententia]  sed  etiam  sententia  sapientissimae 
deae.  '  Quod  si  duodecim  tabulae  voluerunt  nocturnum  furern 
internci  impune  quoquo  modo ;  autem  diurnum  (furem  in- 
terfici  impune),  si  defenderit  se  telo  ;  quis  est,  qui  putet, 
quoquo  [alijquis  interfectus  sit,  puniendum  [esse],  quum 
videat  gladium  aliquando  porrigi  nobis  ad  legibus  ipsis  ad 
occidendum  hominem  ?  k/ 

IV.  Atqui  si  est  ullum  tempus  necandi  hominis  jure, 2  quae 
sunt  multa,  certe  illud  est  non  modo  justum,  verum  etiam 
necessarium,  3  quum  vis  illata  defenditur  vi.  Quum  mili- 
taris  tribunus  in  exercitu  C.  Marii,  propinquus  ejus  impera- 
toris,  4eriperet  pudicitiam  militi,  interfectus  est  ab  eo,  cui 
afFerebat  vim  ;  enim  probus  adolescens  malit  facere  pericu- 
lose,  quam  perpeti  turpiter ;  atque  ille  summus  vir  liberavit 
periculo  hunc  solutum  scelere.  Vero  quae  injusta  nex 
potest  inferri  insidiatori  et  latroni  ?     5  Quid  volunt  nostri 

men  were  divided  on  the  question  had  been  exonerated  not  only  by 
a  divine  sentence,  but  even  by  the  sentence  of  the  wisest  goddess 
(Minerva). 

1  Quod  si  duodecim  tabulae,  &c.  "  But  if  the  Twelve  Tables  have 
provided  that  a  nocturnal  thief  may  be  slain  with  impunity  in  ;my 
manner,  but  a  diy-thief  only  if  he  attempt  to  defend  himself  with 
a  (deadly)  weapon,  who  is  there  that  can  think,  in  whatever  way  (or 
under  whatever  circumstances)  any  one  is  killed,  (the  homicide)  is 
to  be  punished,  when  he  sees  a  sword  sometimes  handed  to  us  by 
the  laws  themselves  to  kill  a  man  with." 

'2  Quae  sunt  multa.      "  And  there  are  many  such  occasions." 

:i  Quum  vis  illata,  &c.  "When  violence  inflicted  is  (met)  and 
defended  with  violence,"  when  force  is  met  and  overcome  with 
force. 

*  Eriperet  pudicitiam,  &c.  "Sought  to  invade  the  chastity  of  a 
private  soldier,  he  was  slain  by  him  on  whom  he  made  the  attack  ; 
for  the  worthy  young  man  preferred  to  incur  the  danger  (of  his 
commanders  displeasure  and  punishment)  rather  than  suffer  dis- 
honor to  his  person.  And  that  illustrious  man  (Marius)  exonerated 
him  alike  from  the  offence  and  the  apprehended  punishment." 
Literally,  "Freed  him  from  danger  as  being  free  from  offence." 

5  Quid  volunt,  &c.  ''What  mean  the  attendants  or  escorts  (we 
employ  in  journeys),  and  why  do  we  carry  swords  ?  which  certainly 


ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONK.  101 

oomitatns,  quid  ijladii?  quos  certe  non  liceret  habere,  si 
liceret  nullo  pacto  uti  illis.  Enim  baec  ^'s^,  judioes,  qoo 
Boripta  (lex))  Bed  oata  lex;  quam  non  didicinmx,  accepimus, 
legimus;  verum  arripuinraa,  hausimus,  expreetdimui  ex  na- 

tura  ipsa;  ad  quam  non  docti  (sunius),  sed  facti  ;  non  insii- 
iuti  (sunius),  sed  inibuti  sumus;  ut  si  nostra  vita  incidisset 
in  aliquas  insidias,  si  in  vim,  si  in  tela  aut  latronum  aut 
inimicorum,  '  omnis  ratio  expediendae  salutis  esset  honesta. 
Enim  leges  silent  inter  anna,  2  nee  jubent  se  expectaii,  quum 
ei,  qui  velit  expectare,  injusta  poena  sit  luenda,  antequam 
justa  [poena  sit]  repetenda.  '  Etsi  persapienter  et  quodam- 
modo  tacite,  lex  ipsa  dat  potestatem  defendendi :  quae  non 
vetdt  hominem  oecidi,  sed  esse  cum  telo  causa  occidendi 
hominis ;  ut,  quum  causa,  non  telum  quaereretur,  qui  usus 
esset  telo  causa  defendendi  sui,  non  judicaretur  habuisse 
telum  causa  occidendi  hominis.  4  Quapropter  hoc  maneat  in 
causa,  judices  ;  enim  non  dubito,  quin  probaturus  sim  vobis 


we  ought  not  to  be  allowed  to  have,  if  we  are  permitted  in  no  cir- 
cumstances to  use  them.  For  this  is  not,  judges,  a  written  (con- 
ventional) law,  but  a  law  born  with  us — one  which  we  have  not 
learned,  received  (from  tradition)  or  read  (from  books),  but  one 
which  we  have,  as  it  were,  snatched,  drawn,  immediately  derived 
from  nature  herself — one  to  which  we  have  not  been  educated,  but 
originally  formed  ;  one  with  which  we  have  not  been  indoctrinated, 
but  with  which  we  have  been  imbued." 

1  Omni*  ratio,  &c.  "  Every  method  of  expediting  our  safety,  of 
extricating  ourselves  from  peril,  is  (allowable)  and  right." 

2  Nee  jubent,  kc.  "  Nor  do  they  require  that  they  be  waited  for, 
since  by  him  who  determines  to  wait  for  them,  an  unjust  suffering 
may  be  incurred,  before  a  just  vindication  can  be  obtained." 

■  IJtsl  ■/>( fxtfjii'cntci;  <vc.  k'And  yet — "  (i.e.,  although  I  have 
said  that  the  laws  are  silent  and  inoperative  in  the  midst  of  arms, 
leges,  etc.) — "very  wisely  and  somewhat  tacitly  the  laic  itself 
gives  the  power  of  self-defence  ;  inasmuch  as  it  does  not  forbid  a 
man  to  be  slain,  but  only  that  one  be  with  a  weapon  (be  armed) 
with  the  intention  of  killing  a  man ;  so  that,  since  the  motive  and 
not  the  weapon  is  brought  into  question,  whoever  should  use  a 
weapon  with  the  intention  of  defending  himself,  would  not  be  ad- 
judged (as  a  matter  of  course)  to  have  had  a  weapon  with  the 
design  of  killing  a  man. " 

*  Quapropter  hoc,  Arc.  "  Wherefore  let  this  be  settled  as  an  estab- 
lished point  in  the  case." 


U)2 


OKATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 


meam  defensionem,  si  memineritis  id,  quod  non  potestis  obli- 
visci,  insidiatorem  posse  mterfici  jure. 

V.  Illud  sequitur,  quod  saepissime  dicitur  a  inimicis  Milo- 
rds, senatum  judicasse  caedeni,  in  qua  P.  Clodius  occisus 
est,  esse  factam  contra  rempublicam.  1  Vero  senatus  com- 
probavit  illam  non  suis  sententiis  solum,  sed  etiam  studiis. 
2  Enim  quoties  ilia  causa  acta  est  a  nobis  in  senatu  ?  quibus 
assensionibus  universi  ordinis  ?  3  quam  (sententiis)  nee  taci- 
tis,  nee  occultis  ?  4  Enim  quando  frequentissimo  senatu 
in  veil  ti  sunt  quatuor,  ad  summum  quinque,  qui  non  pro- 
barent  causam  Milonis?  &  Illae  inter mortuae  conciones  hujus 
ambusti  tribuni  plebis  declarant  (hoc),  quibus  quotidie  in- 
vidiose  criminabatur  meam  potentiam,  quum  diceret  sena- 
tum decernere  non  quod  sentiret,  sed  quod  ego  vellem. 
0  Quae  quidem  si  est  appellanda  potentia,  potius  quam  medio- 
cris  auctoritas  in  bonis  causis  propter  magna  merita  in  rem- 
publicam, aut  nonnulla  gratia  apud  bonos  propter  meos 
officiosos  labores,  appelletur  ita  sane,  dummodo  nos  utamur 
ea  pro  salute  bonorum  contra  amentiam  perditorum.     7  Hanc 


1  Vero  senatus  comprobavil,  &c.  "But  the  senate  approved  of 
that  (transaction),  not  with  (the  cold  acquiescence  of)  their  opin- 
ions and  votes,  but  with  their  warm  and  ardent  support  (of  Milo). 

2  Enim  quoties  ilia  causa  acta  est.  "For  how  often  has  that 
cause  been  pleaded." 

3  Quam  (sententiis),  &c.  "  With  what  loud  and  open  expressions 
of  opinion." 

^  Enim  quando,  &c.  "For  when,  (even)  in  a  very  full  senate, 
have  there  been  found  four,  (or)  at  the  utmost  five, "  &c. 

5  Illae  intermortuae,  &c.  ' l  Those  feeble  and  abortive  harangues 
of  this  half  -  consumed  tribune  of  the  people  prove  this,"  viz.,  that 
the  senate  are  on  the  side  of  Milo,  ' '  in  which  he  invidiously 
charges  me  with  undue  power  (over  the  senate),  inasmuch  as  he 
says  that  the  senate  decreed  not  what  it  (really)  thought,  but  what 
I  wished."  He  speaks  of  the  tribune  here  contemptuously  as 
"  half -consumed,"  because  of  the  conflagration  that  was  made  in 
connection  with  the  riot  and  public  commotion  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  Clodius. 

6  Quae  quidem  si,  &c.  "  If  this  is  to  be  called  (an  unauthorized 
exertion  of)  power  rather  than  a  reasonable  (and  legitimate)  au- 
thority in  meritorious  causes,"  &c. 

7  Ilanc  quaestionem,  &c.     "This  (novel  and  unusual)  mode  of 


OB  LTIO    PBO   T.    ANNio    IHLONE.  198 

quaestionem  vero,  etsi  non  est  iniqua,  senat  us  fcamen  nun- 
qoam  putavit  constituendam ;  enim  erant  leges,  erant  quaes- 
tiones  vel  de  caede  vel  de  vi ;  nee  mors  P.  Clodii  afferebat 
tantutu  moerorem  ac  luctum  senatui,  nt  nova  quaestio  con- 
stitueretur.  '  Enim  de  illo  incesto  stupro  cujus  potest  as 
decernendi  judicium  esset  erepta  senatui,  de  ejus  interitu 
quis  potest  credere  senatum  putasse  novum  judicium  con- 
stituendum  [esse]  ?  2  Cur  igitur  senatus  decrevit  incendium 
curiae,  oppugnationem  aedium  M.  Lepidi,  banc  ipsam  cae- 
d.Mii  esse  factam  contra  rempublicam  ?  Quia  nulla  vis 
unquainest  suscepta  inter  cives  in  libera  civitate,  [quae]  non 
[sit]  contra  rempublicam.  Enim  non  est  ulla  defensio  con- 
tra vim  unquam  8  optanda,  sed  nonnunquam  est  necessaria. 
Nisi  vero  aut  ille  dies,  in  quo  Tiberius  Gracchus  caesus  est, 
aut  ille,  quo  Caius  [caesus  est],  *  aut  quo  arma  Saturnini 
oppress**  sunt,  etiamsi  e  republica,  tamen  non  vulnerarunt 
reinpublicani. 

VI.  5  Itaque  ego  ipse  decrevi,  quum  constaret  caedem  fac- 


trial  or  tribunal,  however,  although  it  is  not  an  unjust  one,  the 
senate  nevertheless  would  never  have  thought  ought  to  have  been 
appointed." 

1  Enim  de  illo  incesto,  &c.  Literally,  "  For,  concerning  that  (in- 
famous and)  incestuous  intrigue  of  wJwm  the  power  of  decreeing  an 
investigation  was  violently  taken  from  the  senate ;  concerning  his 
death,  who  can  believe  that  the  senate  could  have  thought  that  a 
new  and  special  tribunal  ought  to  be  appointed ;  "  more  freely, 
'*  Since  concerning  that  (infamous  and)  incestuous  intrigue  of  his, 
the  power  of  decreeing  an  investigation  was  violently  taken  from 
the  senate,  who  can  believe  that  the  (same)  senate,  on  occasion  of 
his  death,  would  think  it  worth  while,"  &c. 

a  Cur  igitur,  &c.     ' '  Why,  then,  it  may  be  asked." 

3  Optanda.     "  A  thing  to  be  desired  in  itself." 

4  Aut  quo  arma,  &c.  "  Or  in  which  the  armed  violence  of  Satur- 
ninus  was  overpowered,  (though  done)  by  and  in  behalf  of  the 
republic,  did  not  nevertheless  wound  and  injure  the  republic  itself." 

6  rtaque  ego  ipse,  &c.  "  Therefore.  I  myself  voted,  as  it  was  evi- 
dent that  homicide  and  slaughter  had  been  perpetrated  on  the  Ap- 
pian  Way,  that  not  he  who  stood  on  the  defence  had  acted  against 
the  republic  ;  but,  since  there  was  violence  in  the  affair  itself,  and 
a  plot  laid,  I  reserved  the  question  of  criminality  for  trial,  but  ex- 
plicitly condemned  the  transaction  itself." 
9 


101  ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

tarn  esse  in  Appia  via,  non  eum,  qui  defendisset  se,  fecisse 
contra  rempublieam ;  sed,  quum  inesset  vis  in  re  et  in- 
sidiae,  reservavi  crimen  judicio,  notavi  rem.  Quod  si,  per 
ilium  furiosum  tribunum,  J  licuisset  senatui  perficere  quod 
sentiebat,  nunc  haberemus  nullam  novam  quaestionem ; 
2  enim  decernebat,  ut  quaereretur  veteribus  legibus  tantum- 
modo  extra  ordinem ;  sententia  divisa  est,  nescio  quo  postu- 
lante,  (enim  est  nihil  necesse  me  proferre  fiagitia  omnium.) 
Sic,  intercessione  empta,  reliqua  auctoritas  senatus  sublata 
est.  3  At  enim  Cii.  Pompeius  sua  rogatione  judicavit  et  de 
re  et  de  causa ;  enim  tulit  de  caede,  quae  facta  esset  in  Appia 
via,  in  qua  P.  Clodius  occisus  fuit.  4  Quid  ergo  tulit  ? 
Nempe  ut  quaereretur.  Quid  porro  quaerendum  est?  Ne 
factum  sit  ?  At  constat.  A  quo  ?  At  paret.  6  Vidit, 
etiam  in  confessione  facti,  tamen  defensionem  juris  posse 
suscipi.  Quod  nisi  vidisset  eum  posse  absolvi,  qui  fatere- 
tur ;  quum  videret  nos  fateri,  neque  unquam  jussisseb 
quaeri,  6nec  dedisset  vobis  banc  tam  salutarem  literam  in  ju- 
dicando,  quam  illam  tristem.  Mihi  vero  Cn.  Pompeius 
videtur  non  modo  judicasse  nihil  gravius  contra  Milonem, 


1  Licuisset  senatui,  &c.  "  It  had  been  allowed  the  senate  to  carry 
into  effect  the  opinion  it  entertained." 

2 Enim  decernebat,  &c.  "For  it  was  proceeding  to  vote  that  the 
trial  should  be  had  in  accordance  with  the  ancient  laws."  ....  Nes- 
cio quo  poxtulante,  &c.  ' '  Some  one  making-  a  demand  to  that  effect " 
(for  it  is  not  necessary  that  I  should  expose  [by  name]  the  offences 
of  all).  .  .  .  Sic,  intercessione,  &c.  "  Thus,  by  a  veto  corruptly  pur- 
chased, the  remaining  authority  of  the  senate  was  taken  away." 

3  At  enim  Cn.  Pompeius,  &c.  "  But,  it  may  be  alleged,  that  Cn. 
Pompey.  by  his  proposal  of  a  law,  has  passed  a  judgment  (unfavor- 
able to  Milo)  both  concerning  the  transaction  and  the  motive  of  it." 

4  Quid  ergo  tulit?  &c.  "  What  then  did  he  propose  ?  Doubtless 
that  a  trial  should  be  had. " 

6  Vidit,  etiam,  &c.  "  He  saw,  even  though  there  were  a  confes- 
sion of  the  act  itself,  nevertheless  a  defence  of  the  right  could  be 
undertaken." 

6 Nee  dedisset  vobis,  &c.  "Neither  would  he  have  put  into  your 
hands  as  well  this  salutary  (and  acquitting)  letter  as  that  sad  (and 
condemning)  letter  "  to  be  used  according  to  your  discretion.  The 
ballots  of  the  judges  had  upon  them  the  letters  A  and  G — Absolvo, 
Condemno. 


ORATIO   PEO  T.    ANNio   mii.o.m:.  L05 

sed  etiam  statuisse  quid  oporteret  vos  spectaro  in  judicando  ; 
nam  qui  non  dedit  poenam  confessioni,  sed  defensioiLem, 
is  putavil  eausam  interitus  qnaerendam  (esse),  non  interitum 
(ipsum).  Mam  ipse  (Pompeius)  dioet  profecto,  (ne)  illiid, 
quod  fecit,  sua  sponte,  tribuendum  (esse)  Public-  Clodio  an 
tempori. 

VII.  Suae  domi  nobilissimus  vir,  propugnator  atque 
quidem  illis  temporibus  pene  patronus  senatus,  avunculus 
hujus  nostri  judicis,  fortissimi  viii  If.  Catonis,  (scilicet)  M. 
Drusus,  tribunus  plebis  occisus  est ;  populus  niliil  consultus 
[est]  de  ejus  morte,  nulla  quaestio  decreta  est  a  senatu. 
Quantum  luctuin  accepimus  a  nostris  patribus  fuisse  in  hac 
urbe,  quuni  ilia  nocturna  vis  esset  illata  P.  Africano  quie- 
scenti  suae  domi  ?  Quis  non  turn  gemuit  ?  2  Quis  non 
arsit  dolore  ?  8  Quern  omnes  cuperent  esse  immortalem,  si 
posset  fieri,  ne  quidem  ejus  necessariam  mortem  expec- 
tatam  [esse].  Num  ulla  quaestio  igitur  lata  est  de  morte 
Africani  ?  Nulla  certe.  Quid  ita  ?  4  Quia  clari  homines 
non  necantur  alio  facinore,  obscuri  alio.  6  Intersit  inter 
dignitatem  vitae  summorum  atque  infimorum  ;  mors  quidem 
illata  per  scelus  teneatur  iisdem  poenis  et  legibus  :  nisi  forte 
[ille]  erit  magis  parricida,  si  quis  necaverit  consularem 
patrem,  (^uam  si  quis  [necaverit]  humilem,  aut  mors  P. 
Clodii  erit  eo  atrocior,  quod  is  interfectus  sit  in  monumentis 


lJam  ipse,  &a  "  Let  now  Pompey  himself  declare  whether  that 
which  he  has  done  of  his  own  accord  is  to  be  ascribed  to  (the  favor 
he  has  for)  Publius  Clodius,  or  to  the  exigency  of  the  times." 

-  Qtm  inn  a::«if.  &0.  "  Who  did  not  burn  with  indignant 
sorrow  ?  " 

3  Quern  omnes  cuperent,  &c.  %t  (Theanan)  whom  all  wished  to  be 
immortal  (never  to  die),  if  it  were  possible ;  not  even  his  (natural 
and)  necessary  death  was  waited  for." 

*  Quia  ckiri  homines,  &c.  "Because  distinguished  men  are  not 
slain  with  one  measure  of  criminality  and  obscure  men  with 
another." 

•  lnt<  rsU  inter  <lifiit:t<i!<  >n,  &c.  u  There  is  a  difference,  doubtless, 
between  the  dignity  that  pertains  to  the  life  of  the  highest  and  the 
lowest ;  but  death  inflicted  by  crime  is  held  answerable  to  the  same 
penalties  and  laws." 


196  ORATIO    PRO     T.    ANNIO     MILONE. 

suorum  majorum  (enini  hoc  saepe  dicitur  ab  istis) ;  !  perinde 
quasi  ille  Appius  Claudius  munierit  viam,  non  qua  populus 
uteretur,  sed  ubi  sui  posteri  latrociiiarentur  impuue.  Itaque 
quum  Clodius  occidisset  M.  Papirium  ornatissimum  Ronia- 
nuiu  equiteui  in  ista  eadem  Appia  via,  illud  facinus  non  fuit 
puniendum  ;  enim  nobilis  homo  occiderat  Romanum  equitem 
in  suis  monumentis.  Nunc  2  quantas  tragoedias  nomen  ejus- 
dem  Apj)iae  [viae]  excitat  ?  8  Quae  [via]  cruentata  caede 
honesti  atque  innocentis  viri  antea  silebatur,  eadem  nunc 
crebro  usurpatur,  posteaquam  imbuta  est  sanguine  latronis 
et  parricidae.  Sed  quid  ego  commemoro  ilia  ?  Servus  P. 
Clodii  comprehensus  est  in  templo  Castoris,  quern  ille  collo- 
carat  ad  interficiendum  Cn.  Pompeium  ;  4  sica  extorta  est 
confitenti — de  manibus  :  Pompeius  postea  B  caruit  foro,  caruit 
senatu,  caruit  publico  ;  texit  se  janua  ac  parietibus,  non 
jure  legum  que  judiciorum.  Num  quae  rogatio  lata  [est]  ? 
Num  quae  quaestio  decreta  est  ?  6  Atqui  si  res,  si  vir,  si  ul- 
lum  tempus  fuit,  certe  omnia  haec  fuerunt  summa  in  ilia 
causa.  Insidiator  collocatus  erat  in  foro  atque  in  ipso 
vestibulo  senatus ;  9  mors  autem  parabatur  ei  viro,  in  cujus 


1  Perinde  quasi  ille  Appius  Claudius,  &c.  "Just  as  if  that 
Appius  Claudius  (of  a  former  day)  constructed  and  made  secure  a 
public  road,  not  as  a  path  which  the  people  might  use,  but  (as  a 
place)  where  his  posterity  might  commit  depredation  and  violence 
with  impunity." 

2  Quantas  tragoedias.     "  What  tragic  emotions." 

3  Quae  [da]  cruentata  caede,  &c.  "  The  very  road,  which,  when 
rendered  bloody  with  the  slaughter  of  an  honorable  and  innocent 
man,  before  made  no  outcry, — the  same  now  is  frequently  made  to 
speak  (in  mournful  and  affecting  tones)  since  it  has  been  stained 
with  the  blood  of  a  robber  and  a  parricide." 

4  Sica  extorta  est,  &c.  wi  The  dagger  was  wrested  from  the  avowed 
and  confessing  criminal — from  his  very  hands. " 

5  Caruit.      "Absented  himself  from." 

6  Atqui  si  res,  &c.  "  But  if  ever  there  was  a  transaction,  if  ever 
a  man,  if  ever  a  critical  time  (that  would  have  justified  a  public 
inquiry),  all  these  things  were  greatest  (and  most  urgent)  in  that 
(atrocious )  affair. " 

7  Mors  autem,  &c.  "  A  (violent)  death,  moreover,  was  (insidious- 
ly) prepared  for  that  man,  on  whose  life  the  safety  of  the  state 
depended." 


ORATIO    PRO   T*   ANNIO    MILONI  .  197 

vita  salus  civitatis  intebatur;  eo  tempore  porro  reipublirar, 
quo  si  Llle  Uliua  OOOidisset,  non  solum  hare  civitas,  sc<l 
omnee  gentea  eoncidisaent.  Nisi  forte,  quia  res  non  perfecta 
eat,  fuit  non  punienda;  'perinde  quasi  exitua  rerum,  non 
conailia  hominum  vindicentur  legibua,  Fuit  minus  dolen- 
tluin,  re  iiDii  perfecta,  Bed  certe  nihilo  minus  pudendum. 
Quotiea  ego  ipse,  judices,  effugi  ex  telis  P.  Clodii  et  ex  ejus 
cruentia  manibua?  Ex  quibua,  si  vel  mea  [fortuna]  vel 
fortuna  reipublicae  servasset  me,  quis  tandem  tulisset  quaes- 
tionem  de  meo  interitu? 

VIII.  Sed  stulti  sumus,  qui  audeamus  8  conferre  Drusum, 
qui  [audeamus  conferre]  Africanum,  Pompeium,  nosmet  ipsos 
cum  P.  Clodio.  8  Ilia  fuerunt  tolerabilia  ;  nemo  potest  ferre 
mortem  P.  Clodii  aequo  animo ;  senatus  luget ;  equester  ordo 
mo;  ret;  tota  civitas  est  confecta  senio ;  municipia  squalent; 
coloniae  afflictantur ;  agri  ipsi  denique  desiderant  tarn  bene- 
ficum,  tarn  salutarem,  tarn  mansuetum  civem.  4  Ea  non  fuit 
causa,  judices,  profecto  non  fuit,  cur  Pompeius  censeret 
quaestionem  ferendam  [esse]  sibi;  sed  sapiens  homo,  et 
praeditus  quadam  alta  et  divina  mente  vidit  multa ;  ilium 
(Clodium)  fuisse  inimicum  sibi,  Milonem  familiarem  ;  '  si,  in 

1  Perinde  quaxi  twit  us,  &o.  v'  Just  as  if  the  (fortuitous)  results  of 
(human)  crimes,  and  not  the  motives  and  designs  of  men,  were  not 
intended  to  be  punished  by  the  laws." 

■  Conferre.     "  To  compare." 

8  Ilia  fuerunt  tolerabilia,  <&c.  "  Those  were  trifling  misfortunes, 
easily  borne.  No  one,  however,  can  bear  the  death  of  P.  Clodius 
with  equanimity."  ....  Tota  civitas  est  confezta,  &c.  "  The  whole 
state  is  spent  with  exhaustion."  ....  Agri  ipsi  denique,  &c  "  The 
very  fields,  in  short,  miss  so  beneficent,  so  useful,  so  gentle  a  citizen." 
Ironically  said. 

4  Ea  non  fuit  causa,  &c.  "That  was  not  the  reason,  judges,  as- 
suredly it  was  not,  why  Pompey  thought  that  a  judicial  inquiry  (in 
a  novel  form)  was  to  be  proposed  by  him. " 

5  JSi,  in  cornmuni  (/audio,  &c.  "  If  in  the  common  joy  of  all,  he 
himself  also  exhibited  joy,  he  feared  lest  the  confidence  in  his  re- 
stored favor  (to  Clodius),  his  reconciliation  to  him,  might  seem  to  be 
weakened  (and  his  sincerity  disparaged) ;  he  saw  also  many  other 
things;  but  especially  this,  that  although  he  himself  should  propose 
laws  with  severity  (relative  to  this  trial),  nevertheless  that  you,  at 
least,  would  judge  with  firmness  and  impartiality." 


198  OKATIO    PRO    T.  •ANNIO    MILONE. 

communi  gaudio  omnium,  ipse  etiam  gauderet,  timuit  ne 
fides  reconeiliatae  gratiae  videretur  infirmior;  vidit  etiam 
multa  alia,  sed  maxime  illud,  quamvis  ipse  tulisset  atrociter, 
tamen  vos  judicatures  [esse]  fortiter.  Itaque  delegit  ipsa 
lumina  e  fiorentissimis  ordinibus  ;  '  neque  vero,  quod  nonnulli 
dictitant,  secrevit  meos  amicos  in  legendis  j  udicibus ;  enim 
neque  justissimus  vir  cogitavit  hoc,  neque  potuisset  assequi  id 
in  legendis  bonis  viris,  etiamsi  cupisset ;  enim  mea  gratia  non 
continetur  familiaritatibus,  quae  non  possunt  patere  late, 
2  propterea  quod  consuetudines  victus  non  possunt  esse  cum 
multis  ;  sed  si  possumus  quid,  possumus  ex  eo,  quod  res- 
publica  conjunxit  nos  cum  bonis;  ex  quibus  quum  ille 
legeret  optimos  viros,  que  arbitraretur  id  maxime  pertinere 
ad  suam  fidem,  3  non  potuit  legere  [viros]  non  studiosos  mei. 
*  Quod  vero  [Pompeius]  maxime  voluit  te,  L.  Domiti,  prae- 
esse  liuic  quaestioni,  quaesivit  nihil  aliud  nisi  justitiam, 
gravitatem,  humanitatem,  fidem.  B  Tulit,  ut  necesse  esset 
consularem  [legendum  esse]  ;  credo,  quod  ducebat  esse 
inunus  principum  resistere  levitati  multitudinis  et  temeritati 
perditorum ;  ex  consularibus  creavit  te  potissimum,  enim 
dederas  jam  adolescentia  maxima  docunienta,  quam  contem- 
neres  populares  insanias. 

1  Neque  vero,  quod  nonnuUi  dictitant,  secrevit  meos  amicos,  &c. 
' '  Neither  did  he,  as  some  persist  in  alleging,  set  aside  my  friends  in 
choosing  judges ;  for  this  singularly  just  man  did  not  meditate  (such 
a  purpose  as)  this,  nor  could  he  have  accomplished  it,  on  the  suppo- 
sition of  his  choosing  good  men  (at  all),  even  if  he  had  desired  it." 

-  Propterea  quod,  &c.  "  Because  the  intimacies  of  life  cannot  be 
with  many  (persons),"  cannot  be  numerous;  "but  if  we  have  any 
influence,  we  have  influence  for  the  reason  that  the  republic  has 
united  us  in  association  and  alliance  with  good  men,"  &c. 

3  Non  potuit  legere,  &c.  "  He  could  not  choose  men  that  were  not 
friendly  to  me." 

4  Quod  vero  [Pompeius],  &c.  "That,  indeed,  Pompey  especially 
wished  you,  L.  Domitius,  to  preside  over  this  trial — (in  this  arrange- 
ment)— he  aimed  at  nothing  else  but  justice,  dignity,  clemency  and 
impartiality." 

0  Tulit,  ut  necesse,  &c.  '*  He  made  it  a  necessary  provision  of  the 
law  that  a  man  of  consular  dignity  should  be  chosen  to  preside,  I 
suppose,  because  he  considered  it  to  be  the  proper  duty  of  such 
leading  men  to  oppose  the  caprice  of  the  multitude,"  <&c. 


ORATIO  PRO  T.  ANNIO  MILONE.         199 

IV  '  Quamobrem,  judices,  at  veniamua  ad  oansam  que 
orimen,  a  neqile  omnis  confessio  facti  est  intudtata,  aequo 
quidquam  jmlicatum  est  a  senatu  de  nostra  causa  alitor  ;.<• 
Dos  vellemos ;  et  lator  ipse  legia,  quum  eaaet  nulla  oontro- 
versia  facti,  tamen  voluit  one  disceptationem  juris;  si 
judices  electi,  que  is  praepositus  quaestioni,  qui  diaoeptet 
haeo  juste  que  sapienter  :  reliquum  est,  judices,  ut  debeatis 
quaererejam  nihil  aliud,  nisi  uter  fecerit  insidias  uthi  ; 
quod  quo  possitis  facilius  perspicere  argumentis,  attendite  dili- 
genter,  quaeso,  dum  breviter  expono  vobis  remgestam.  Quum 
P.  Clodius  statuisset  vexare  rempublicam  in  praetura  omni 
scelere,  que  videret  comitia  superiore  anno  a  ita  tracta  esse, 
ut  non  posset  gerere  praeturam  niultos  menses,  3  qui  non 
spectaret  graduni  honoris,  ut  ceteri,  sed  et  vellet  effugere  L. 
Paullum  collegam,  civem  singulari  virtute,  et  quacreret  inte- 
grum annum  ad  dilacerandam  rempublicam,  4  subito  reliquit 
Strom  annum,  que  transtulit  sese  in  proximum  annum,  6  non 

1  Quamobrem,  judices,  &c.  "Wherefore,  judges,  to  come  at  length 
to  the  cause  itself  and  the  accusation,  if  the  full  confession  of  the 
fact  (reserving-  the  right)  is  not  an  unusual  thing,  and  nothing  has 
been  adjudged  by  the  senate  concerning  our  cause  otherwise  than 
as  we  could  wish ;  and  the  proposer  himself  of  the  law,  although 
there  was  no  controversy  relative  to  the  fact,  nevertheless  wished 
that  there  might  be  a  discussion  of  the  (legal)  right  (of  the  case) ; 
and  judges  have  been  selected  and  he  (in  particular,  viz.,  L.  Domi- 
tius)  put  at  the  head  of  this  investigation,  who  shall  decide  these 
things  justly  and  wisely ;  it  remains,  judges,  that  you  have  to  in- 
quire now  nothing  else  except  (this),  wuicii  (of  these  men)  PRE- 
PARED A  plot  FOR  TnE  OTnER,  and  in  order  that  you  may  be  able 
to  see  this  more  easily  from  the  arguments  (to  be  adduced),  give  dili- 
gent attention,  I  pray,  while  I  briefly  explain  to  you  the  transaction 
itself,  the  matter  of  fact,  as  it  actually  occurred." 

■  Ita  tracta  esse,  &c.  "To  be  so  protracted  or  deferred,  that  he 
could  not  (if  elected)  exercise  the  praetorship  for  many  months." 

3  Qui  non  spectaret,  &c.  "Inasmuch  as  he  did  not  have  regard 
to  the  succession  of  honor  and  office  (as  adjusted  to  particular  ages) 
like  other  (persons),  but  both  wished  to  escape,"  &c. 

1  Subito  reUquii  stum,  &c.  u  Suddenly  abandoned  his  own  year," 
that  is,  the  year  in  which  he  became  eligible  to  the  office.  It  was  a 
point  of  distinction  with  most  to  be  elected  as  soon  as  eligible. 

6  Non  aXiqun  religions,  utfit.  '*  Not  from  some  religious  scruple, 
as  sometimes  happens,"  when,  perhaps,  the  omens  were  not  favor- 
able. 


•  200  ORATIO    PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

aliqua  religione,  ut  fit,  sed  ut  haberet,  quod  ipse  dicebat,  ad 
gerendam  praeturam,  l  hoc  est  [re  vera]  ad  evertendam  rem- 
publicain,  plenum  atque  integrum  annum.  Occurrebat  ei, 
suam  praeturam  futuram  a  [esse]  mancam  ac  debilem,  Milone 
consul  e  ;  videbat  porro  eum  fieri  consulem  summo  consensu 
Romani  populi.  Contulit  se  ad  ejus  competi tores,  sed  ita, 
ut  ipse  solus  gubernaret  petitionem,  etiam  illis  invitis ;  ut 
sustineret  comitia  suis  humeris,  ut  dictitabat.  Convocabat 
tribus ;  interponebat  se  ;  conscribebat  novam  Collinam  [Tri- 
bum]  delectu  perditissimorum  civium.  s  Quanto  ille  [Clo- 
dius]  miscebat  plura,  tanto  magis  hie  [Milo]  in  dies  con- 
valescebat.  TJbi  homo  paratissimus  ad  omne  facinus  vidit 
fortissimum  virum,  suum  inimicissimum,  certissimum  con- 
sulem, que  intellexit  id  saepe  esse  declaratum  non  solum  ser- 
monibus,  sed  etiam  suffragiis  Romani  populi,  coepit  agere 
palam  et  dicere  aperte,  Milonem  occidendum  [esse].  De- 
duxerat  ex  Apennino  agrestes  et  barbaros  servos,  quos  vide- 
batis,  quibus  depopulatus  erat  publicas  silvas,  que  vexarat 
Etruriam.  Res  erat  minime  obscura.  4  Etenim  dictitabat 
palam  consulatum  non  posse  eripi  Miloni,  vitam  posse.  Sig- 
nificavit  hoc  saepe  in  seiiatu  ;  dixit  in  concione  ;  quin  etiam 
M.  Favonio,  fortissimo  viro,  quaerenti  ex  eo,  5  qua  spe 
fureret,  Milone  vivo,  respondit  ilium  triduo  aut  6  summum 
quatriduo  periturum  esse ;  7  quam  vocem  ejus  Favonius 
statim  detulit  ad  hunc  M.  Catonem. 


1  Hoc  est  [re  vera].     "  That  is  in  reality." 

2  [Esse]  ma.ncam  ac  debilem.    ' '  Would  be  crippled  and  inoperative. ' ' 
8  Quanto  ille  [Clodius],  &c.     "The  more  he  (Clodius)  strove  to 

create  confusion  and  disorder,  the  more  this  client  of  mine  (Milo) 
became  strong-,  every  day  (in  popular  favor)." 

4  Etenim  dictitabat  palam,  &c.  "For  he  frequently  said  openlv 
that  (though)  the  consulship  could  not  be  taken  from  Milo,  lif ) 
could."  That  though  Milo  could  not  be  despoiled  of  the  consulship, 
he  could  be  of  his  life. 

6  Qua  spe  fureret,  &c.  "  With  what  hope  he  indulged  in  his  mad 
designs,  while  Milo  was  alive,"  &c. 

6  Summum.  "At  the  utmost."  The  neuter  of  the  adjective  used 
adverbially. 

7  Quam  vocem  ejus.     "  Which  declaration  of  his." 


ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MIL  201 

X.  Interim,  quum  Clodius  sciret  (mini  neque  erat 
difficile  Boire)  '  Bollemne  iter,  legitimum,  esse  necessarium 
Miloni  Lanuvium  ad  prodendum  flaminem,  quod  Milo  erat 
dictator  Lanuvii,  subito  ipse  profectus  est  pridie  Roma,  ut 
collocaret  insidias  Miloni  auto  suum  f'un<huu  "  (quod  Ultelleo- 
tum  est  re).  Atque  profectus  s  ita,  ut  relinqueret  turbulentam 
concionem,  in  qua  ejus  furor  desideratus  est,  quae  habita  est 
illo  ipso  die,  quam  nunquam  reliqtrisaet,  4nisi  voluisset  obire 
locum  que  tempos  facinoris.  Quum  autem  Milo  fuisset  in 
senatu  eo  die,  quoad  senatus  dimissus  est  venit  domum  ; 
mutavit  calceos  et  vestimenta ;  commoratus  est  paulisper, 
diiin  uxor  comparat  so,  6ut  fit;  deinde  profectus  (est)  id 
fcemporis,  "quum  jam  Clodius  potuisset  redire,  si  quidem 
venturus  erat  eo  die  Romam.  Clodius  fit  obviam  ei,  7  ex- 
poditua,  in  equo,  nulla  rheda,  nullis  impedimentis,  nullis 
Graecis  comitibus,  ut  solebat,  sine  uxore,  quod  nunquam 
fere  [solebat  fieri]  ;  quum  hie  insidiator,  qui  apparasset  illud 
iter  ad  faciendam  caedem,  veheretur  in  rheda  cum  uxore, 
8  paenulatus,  magno  et  impedito,  et  muliebri  ac  delicato  comi- 
tatu  ancillarum  que  puerorum.       Fit  obviam   Clodio  ante 


1  SoUemne  iter,  &c.  "  That  a  yearly  journey,  provided  for  by  law, 
was  necessary  to  be  made  by  Milo  to  Lanuvium,  for  the  public  ap- 
pointment or  inauguration  of  a  flamen  or  priest,"  so  called  from  the 
fillet  or  Jilt t men  he  wore. 

■  (Quod  inUUeckem  est  re).  "A  design  which  is  seen  (with  suffi- 
cient clearness)  from  what  actually  occurred." 

s  Ita  ut  rdmqut  r<t,  Ax.  "  So  as  to  leave  (without  his  presence)  a 
disorderly  assembly,  in  which  his  frenzy  was  needed." 

4 iVSrf  rolnisstt.  &C.  "Had  he  not  wished  to  meet  the  (specific) 
place  and  time  of  some  deed  of  daring  and  crime." 

5  1ft  Jit.   "  As  is  usually  done,"  as  is  customary. 

8  Quum  jam  Otodw»<  Arc.  "  When  already  Clodius  could  have  re- 
turned, if  indeed  he  intended  to  come  that  day  to  Rome."  If  Milo 
designed  to  waylay  Clodius,  Cicero  intimates,  he  would  have  been 
more  prompt,  and  not  have  waited  until  it  might  be  too  lute. 

7  Ekepeditus.     u Lightly  equipped."  "unencumbered.  .  .  .  Nullis 
S  comitibus.     '*  With  no  Grecian  attendants,  as  was  customary 
with  him,"  and  other  distinguished  Romans  of  that  day. 

1  PamiUatUi,  &c.     "Wrapped  in  a  cloak  (and  accompanied)  with 
a  large  and  encumbered,  and  withal  feminine  and  effeminate,  retinue 
of  maidens  and  male  attendants." 
9* 


202  ORATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

ejus  fundum,  fere  undecima  hora,  aut  non  multo  secus. 
1  Statim  complures  cum  telis  faciunt  impetum  in  hunc  de 
superiore  loco ;  adversi  occidunt  rhedarium  ;  quum  autem  hie, 
paenula  rejecta,  desiluisset  de  rheda,  que  defenderet  se  acri 
animo,  illi,  qui  erant  cum  Clodio,  gladiis  eductis,  incipiunt 
partim  recurrere  ad  rhedam,  ut  adorirentur  Milonem  a  tergo, 
partim,  quod  putarent  hunc  jam  interfectum,  caedere  ejus 
servos,  qui  erant  post :  servi  Milonis,  [ii]  ex  quibus,  qui  fue- 
runt  fideli  animo  in  dominum  et  praesenti  [animo]  partim 
occisi  sunt,  partim,  quum  viderent  pugnari  ad  rhedam,  pro- 
hiberentur  succurrere  domino,  audirent  Milonem  occisum 
[esse]  ex  Clodio  ipso  et  re  vera  putarent,  fecerunt  id  (enim 
dicam  aperte  non  causa  derivandi  criminis,  sed  ut  factum  est) 
domino  nee  imperante,  nee  sciente,  nee  praesente,  quod 
quisque  voluisset  suos  servos  facere  in  tali  re. 

XI.  Haec  ita  gesta  sunt,  judices,  sicut  exposui ;  insidi- 
ator  superatus  est;  vis  victa  est  vi  vel  potius  audacia 
oppressa  est  virtute.  Dico  nihil,  quid  respublica  2  consecuta 
est,  nihil  quid  vos,  nihil  quid  omnes  boni.     s  Id  sane  prosit 


1  Statim  complures,  &c.  "  Immediately  very  many  (armed)  with 
weapons  .make  an  attack  upon  him  from  higher  ground  ;  those  (of 
the  attacking  party)  in  front  kill  the  charioteer  :  when,  moreover,  this 
my  client,  throwing  away  his  cloak,  had  leaped  down  from  the 
chariot  and  was  defending  himself  with  spirit,  those  who  were  with 
Clodius,  drawing  their  swords,  begin  some  of  them  to  run  back  to 
the  chariot  in  order  to  attack  Milo  from  behind ;  some  of  them, 
because  they  thought  that  he  was  already  slain,  ( begin)  to  kill  his 
servants  who  were  in  the  rear ;  the  slaves  of  Milo  (on  the  other 
hand), — those  of  them  who  were  of  a  faithful  mind  to  their  master 
and  of  a  resolute  spirit,  some  of  them,  were  killed,  others  of  them, 
when  they  saw  the  battle  to  be  going  on  at  the  chariot,  were  pre- 
vented from  bringing  succor  to  their  master,  heard  that  Milo  had 
been  slain  by  Clodius  himself,  and  really  thought  so — (the  slaves  of 
Milo,  I  say) — did  (in  these  circumstances)  that  very  thing  (for  I  will 
declare  the  facts  openly,  not  with  a  view  of  shifting  the  accusation 
from  my  client,  but  as  the  thing  really  was  done),  their  master 
neither  commanding,  nor  knowing  of,  nor  being  present  at  the  trans- 
action,— did  that  very  thing  which  every  one  would  have  wished 
his  own  slaves  to  do  in  a  like  situation  of  affairs. " 

8  (Jomeeuta  est.     "  Has  gained  "  by  the  death  of  Clodius. 

3  Id  sane  prosit,  &c.     "Let  that  circumstance  indeed  be  of  no 


ORATIO    PEO    T.     AN  Mo    MIl.oM  .  208 

Miloni  nihil,  qui  natus  est  hoc  fato,  ut  ne  quideni  potuerit 

rare  bo,  quin  Berrarel   ona  ranpublicam  que  vos.     Si  id 

non  j)otuit  fieri  jure,  habeo  nihil  'quod   defendam.     Sin  et 

ratio  praescripsit  hoc  doctis,  et  necesaitas   barbarifl  et  mos 

gentibus,  et  natura  ipsa  etiani  feris  bolluis,  ut  semper  pro- 
pulsarent  omnem  viin,  quacunque  ope  possent,  a  corpore,  a 
tapite,  a  sua  vita,  non  potestis  judicare  hoc  facialis  impro- 
bum,  a  quin  simul  judicetis  esse  pcicuiidum  omnibus,  qui  in- 
ciderint  in  latrones,  aut  illorum  telis  aut  vestris  sententiis. 
Quod  si  }>utasset  ita,  certe  fuit  obtabilius  Miloni  dare  jugu- 
luin  P.  Clodio,  'non  semel  petitum  ab  illo  neque  turn 
primum,  quam  jugulari  a  vobis,  quia  non  tradidisset  B6  illi 
jugulanduni.  Sin  nemo  vestrum  ita  sentit  hoc,  jam  illud 
venit  in  judicium,  non,  ne  occisus  sit,  quod  fatemur;  sed 
[ne  occisus  sit]  jure,  an  injuria;  quod  saepe  quaesitum  est 
in  multis  causis.  *  Constat  insidias  factas  esse,  et  id  est  quod 
senatus  judicavit  [esse]  factum  contra  rempublicam  ;  ab  utro 
factae  sint,  incertum  est.  lgitur  latum  est,  ut  quaereretur 
de  hoc.  Ita  et  senatus  notavit  rem,  non  hominem,  et  Pom- 
peius  tulit  quaestionem  de  jure,  non  de  facto. 

XII.  Numquid  aliud  igitur  venit  in  judicium,  nisi  uter 
fecerit  insidias  utri  ?  Profecto  nihil ;  si  hie  (fecerit  insidias) 
illi,  [rogo]  ut  ne  sit  (factum)  impune ;  si  ille  huic,  turn  nos 

advantage  to  Milo,  who  was  born  with  this  destiny,  that  he  could 
not  even  preserve  himself  without  at  the  same  time  preserving  the 
republic  and  you." 

1  Quod  defendam.     "Which  I  can  allege  in  defence." 

-  QtttJt  sirnul  judicetis,  &c.  "  Without  at  the  same  time  determin- 
ing that  all  who  fall  among  robbers,  must  (inevitably)  perish  either 
by  Heir  weapons  or  by  your  judicial  decisions  and  votes." 

3 Non  semel  petitum,  &a  "Not  once  or  on  one  occasion  (alone) 
assaulted  by  him,  nor  then  for  the  first  time." 

4  Constat  insidias,  &c.  "  It  is  clear  that  an  insidious  plot  has  been 
laid  (by  one  or  the  other),  and  that  is  the  thing  which  the  senate 
adjudged  to  have  been  done  in  hostility  to  the  republic.  By  which 
of  the  two  the  plot  was  laid  is  the  matter  that  is  in  doubt.  There- 
fore a  law  was  passed  that  inquiry  should  be  made  concerning  this 
very  thing.  Thus  both  the  senate  condemned  the  thing  without 
deciding  on  the  man,  and  Pompey  also  proposed  an  inquiry  concern- 
ing the  right  of  the  case  and  not  concerning  the  fact. 


204:  OKATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

solvamur  scelere.  Quonam  pacto  igitur  potest  probari, 
Clodium  fecisse  insidias  Miloni.  '  Est  satis  quidem,  in  ilia 
tarn  audaci,  tarn  nefaria  bellua,  docere,  fuisse  propositam  ei 
magnani  causam,  magnam  spem  in  morte  Milonis,  magnas 
utilitates.  Itaque  illud  Cassianum  [propositum],  cui  fuerit 
bono,  valeat  in  his  personis ;  etsi  boni  impelluntur  in  frau- 
dem  nullo  emolumento,  improbi  saepe  parvo.  Atqui,  Milone 
interfecto,  Clodins  assequebatur  hoc,  non  modo  ut  esset 
praetor, 2  eo  non  consule,  quo  posset  facere  nihil  sceleris,  sed 
etiam,  ut  esset  praetor  3  iis  consulibus,  quibus  si  non  adju- 
vantibus,  at  certe  conniventibus,  speraret  se  posse  eludere 
rempublicam  in  illis  cogitatis  furoribus  suis,  cujus  conatus 
illi,  ut  ipse  ratiocinabatur,  nee  cuperent  reprimere,  si  pos- 
sent,  quum  arbitrarentur  se  debere  tan  turn  beneficiuni  ei  ;  et, 
si  vellent,  possent  fortasse  *  vix  frangere  audaciam  scelera 
tissimi  hominis  jam  corroboratam  votustate.  5  An  vero, 
judices,  vos  soli  ignoratis?  vos  versamini  hospites  in  hac 
urbe  ?  Vestrae  aures  peregrinantur  neque  versantur  in  hoc 
pervagato  sermone  civitatis,  quas  leges  (si  sunt  nominandae 


1  Est  satis  quidem,  &c.  "  It  is  enough  indeed  in  the  case  of  that 
so  unscrupulous,  so  nefarious  a  monster  to  suggest  that  there  was 
placed  before  him  a  great  inducement,  a  great  hope  in  the  death  of 
Milo — great  advantages  "  accruing  from  it.  Itaque  illud  Cassianum, 
etc.  "  Therefore  that  suggestion  of  Cassius  (literally  put),  To 
whom  was  it  for  a  good,  who  derived  advantage  from  the 
transaction,  is  applicable  in  the  case  of  these  persons." 

2  Eo  non  consule,  <fcc.  ' "  Without  Ids  being  consul,  through  whom 
or  under  whose  restraint  he  could  perpetrate  no  crime. "  With  Milo 
as  consul  his  hands  would  be  tied. 

3  lis  consulibus,  &c.  "  Those  men  being  consuls,  with  whose  as- 
sistance, if  not  directly  aiding  at  least  as  conniving,  he  hoped  that 
he  could  elude  the  vigilance  of  the  republic  in  those  meditated  fren- 
zies of  his." 

4  Vix  frangere,  &c.     "With  difficulty  check  the  effrontery,"  &c. 
6 An  vero,  judices,  vos  soli  ignoratis,   &c.       "Are  you  indeed, 

judges,  alone  ignorant "  of  what  is  doing  ?  Do  you  live  as  mere 
strangers  in  this  city  ?  Are  your  ears  gone  on  an  excursion  abroad 
and  not  familiarized  with  the  wide- spread  talk  of  the  city,  what 
laws  (if  they  are  to  be  called  laws  and  not  firebrands  of  the  city, 
pests  of  the  republic)  that  (infamous  man  Clodius)  intended  to  im- 
pose upon  us,  and  to  fix  in  upon  us  as  a  brand  "  of  disgrace. 


ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO    MILONE.  205 

leges,  ac  non  faces  urbis,  pestes  reipubKcae)  ille  fuerit  ini- 
positurus  nobis  omnibus  atque  Lnusturus?  Bxhibe,  quadso, 
Sexte  Clodi,  exhibe  illu.l  librarium  restrarum  legtun,  quod 

uiunt  tr  eripuisse  e  donio  '  et  extulisse,  tamquam  Palladium, 
ex  mediis  armia  que  nocturna  turba,  ut  posses  deferre 
praeclarum  inumis  videlicet  atque  instrumentum  t  rilnuiatus 
ad  aliquem,  si  nactus  esses,  qui  gereret  tribunatum  tuo 
arbitrio.  An  ille  ausus  esset  facere  mentionem  hujus  legis, 
quam  Sex.  Clodius  gloriatur  inventam  [esse]  a  se,  *  Milone 
vivo,  ne  dicam  consule  ?  3  De  nostrum  omnium — non  audeo 
dicere  totum.  *Videte,  quid  vitii  ea  lex  fuerit  habitura, 
cujus  reprehensio  etiam  est  periculosa.  Et  adspexit  me 
quidem  illis  oculis,  quibus  turn  solebat,  quum  minabatur 
omnia  omnibus.  B  Quippe  lumen  curiae  movet  me.  Quid? 
tu  putas,  Sexte,  me  iratum  tibi,  6cnjus  inimicissimum  puni- 
tus  es  etiam  multo  crudelius,  quam  erat  meae  humanitatis 
postulare?  Tu  ejecisti  domo  cruentum  cadaver  P.  Clodii, 
7  tu    abjecisti  in  publicum,  tu  reliquisti   [idem]    spoliatum 

1  Et  extulisse,  tamquam  Palladium,  &c.  "And  carried  forth  like 
another  Palladium  from  the  midst  of  arms  and  nocturnal  tumult, 
in  order  that  you  might  confer  the  illustrious  gift,  forsooth, 
and  documentary  guide  of  the  tribuneship  on  some  one,  if  you 
could  find  any  such,  who  would  conduct  the  tribuneship  in  accord- 
ance with  your  wishes."  The  allusion  of  the  Palladium  is  to  the 
image  of  Minerva  (Pallas)  claimed  by  the  Romans  to  have  been  con- 
veyed to  them  after  the  destruction  of  Troy. 

-  Milone  vivo,  &g.  "  If  Milo  were  alive,  and  much  less  if  he  were 
consul."    Literally,  "  not  to  say  consul." 

9  De  Tiostrum  omnium.  An  unfinished  sentence,  interrupted  ap- 
parently by  encountering  the  threatening  looks  of  Sextus. 

4  Yidcte,  quid  vitii,  &c.  "  You  see  what  bane  that  law  would  have 
had  (in  itself),  the  bare  reprehension  of  which  is  so  dangerous." 

6  Quippe  lumen,  &c.  (No  wonder  I  am  thus  affected.)  "  Truly, 
it  is  the  very  light  of  the  senate-house  that  moves  me."  A  subtle 
and  witty  allusion  to  the  conflagration  that  Sextus  Clodius  created 
at  the  disorderly  funeral  of  his  kinsman. 

6  Cujus  inimicissimum,  &c.  "Whose  bitterest  enemy  you  have 
punished  even  much  more  cruelly  than  it  belonged  to  my  humanity 
to  ask." 

7  Tu  abjecisti  in  publicum.  "You  have  exposed  it  to  the.  public 
gaze."  ....  Spoliatum  imaginibus.  "  Despoiled  of  the  images  or 
statues  "  of  an  honorable  ancestry,  which  were  usually  exhibited  on 


206  ORATIO  PRO  T.  ANNIO  MILONE. 

imaginibus,  exsequiis,  pompa,  laudatione,  semiustulatum  in- 
felicissimis  lignis,  dilaniandum  nocturnis  canibus.  Quare 
etsi  fecisti  nefarie,  tamen,  *  quoniam  exprompsisti  tuam 
crudelitatem  in  meo  inimico,  [quamquarn]  non  possum 
laudare,  certe  non  debeo  irasci. 

XIII.  Demonstravi,  judices,  3  quantum  interfuerit  Clo- 
dii  Milonem  occidi.  Converfcite  animos  nunc  vicissim  ad 
Milonem.  Quid  intererat  Milonis  Clodium  interfici?  3  Quid 
erat,  cur  Milo,  non  dicam  admitteret,  sed  optaret  ?  4  Clo- 
dius  obstabat  Miloni  in  spe  consulatus. — 6  At  fiebat  eo  re- 
pugnante  ;  immo  vero  fiebat  eo  magis,  nee  [Milo]  utebatur 
me  meliore  suffragatore  quam  Clodio.  Memoria  meritorum 
Milonis  erga  me  que  rempublicam  valebat  apud  vos,  judices  ; 
nostrae  preces  et  lacrimae  valebant,  quibus  ego  sentiebam 
vos  turn  mirifice  moveri ;  sed  timor  impendentium  pericu- 
lorum  6  multo  plus  valebat.  7  Enim  quis  civium  erat,  qui 
proponeret  sibi  sine  maximo  metu  novarum  rerum  solutam 
praeturam  P.  Clodii  ?  Autem  videbatis,  fore  solutam,  nisi 
is  esset  consul,  qui    auderet  que  posset  constringere  earn. 

a  funeral  occasion Semiustulatum  infelicissimis  lignis.  l '  Half- 
consumed  with  the  most  inauspicious  wood  "  of  the  senate-house, 
used  by  the  rabble  in  the  disorder  of  a  public  tumult. 

1  Quoniam  exprompsisti,  &c.  "  Since  you  have  displayed  your 
cruelty  in  the  case  of  my  personal  enemy,  although  I  cannot  praise 
you,  certainly  I  ought  not  to  be  angry."    Ironically  said. 

2  Quantum  interfuerit,  &c.  "  How  much  interest  Clodius  had, 
that  Milo  should  be  killed." 

3  Quid  erat,  cur,  &c.  "  What  reason  was  there  why  Milo,  I  will 
not  say,  should  commit  the  deed,  but  why  he  should  even  wish  to 
do  it." 

4  Clodius  obstabat,  &c.  "  Clodius  was  an  obstacle  to  Milo  in  his 
aspirations  after  the  consulship."  This  is  what  is  alleged  on  the 
other  side  as  the  motive  of  Milo's  conduct. 

b  At  fiebat  eo  repugnante,  &c.  This  is  Cicero's  reply.  "  But  he 
was  succeeding,  he  was  becoming  consul,  notwithstanding  his 
(Clodius'  opposition),  nay,  rather  he  was  succeeding  on  that  account 
the  more,  and  (Milo)  did  not  have  a  better  supporter  in  me  than  in 
Clodius."     His  very  opposition  was  a  help. 

B  Multo  plus  valebat.     "  Had  much  more  effect." 

''Enim  quis  civium,  &c.  "For  what  citizen  was  there,  who 
could  propose  to  himself  without  the  greatest  fear  of  public  revolu- 
tion and  disorder,  the  unrestrained  praetorship  of  P.  Clodius  ?  ,5 


ORATIO    FBO    T.    ANXIO    MIl.oXK.  L'<»7 

Quuni  univcrsiis  Iloiuanus  ]K)]>ulus  sentiret  '  Milonemunuin 
esse  eum,  quis  dnbitaret  suo  sufiragio  liberare  se  metu,  rem- 
publicam  peticalo?  a  At  nunc,  Clodio  remoto,  enitendum 
est  Miloni  jam  usitatis  rebus,  ut  tueatur  suain  dignitatem  ; 
ilia  siugularis  gloria  et  concessa  huic  uni,  quae  augebatur 
quotidie  frangendis  Clodianis  furoribus,  jam  cecidit  morte 
Clodii.  Vos  adepti  estis,  ne  metueretis  [ali]  quern  civem  ; 
hie  perdidit  exercitationem  virtutis,  suffragationem  consula- 
tus,  perennem  fontem  suae  gloriae.  Itaque  consulatus  Mi- 
lonis,  qui,  Clodio  vivo,  non  poterat  labefactari,  3  [Clodio  | 
mortuo  denique  coeptus  est  tentari.  Mors  Clodii,  igitur, 
non  modo  nihil  prodest,  sed  etiam  obest  Miloni.  4  At 
odium  valuit,  iratus  fecit,  inimicus  fecit,  fuit  ultor  injuriae, 
punitor  sui  doloris.  Quid  si  haec  fuerunt,  non  dico,  majora 
in  Clodio  quam  in  Milone,  sed  maxima  in  illo,  nulla  in  hoc ! 
Quid  amplius  vultis  ?  5Enim  quid  Milo  odisset  Clodium, 
segetem  ac  materiem  suae  gloriae,  praeter  hoc  civile  odium, 
quo  odimus  omnes  improbos  ?  Erat,  ut  ille  odisset  primum 
defensorem  meae  salutis,  deinde  vexatorem  furoris,  domito- 
rem  suorum  armorum,  postremo  etiam  suuni  accusatorem. 
Enim   Clodius  6  fuit  reus  Milonis,  Plotia  lege,  quoad  vixit. 

1  MUonem  unum  esse  eum.  "That  Milo  alone  was  the  man"  to 
control  Clodius. 

2  At  nwic,  Clodio  remoto,  &c.  "  But  now  that  Clodius  is  removed, 
Milo  is  left  to  struggle  by  the  ordinary  means  in  order  to  preserve 
and  maintain  his  own  dignity.  That  extraordinary  merit  and  dis- 
tinction (of  Milo)  and  one  accorded  to  him  alone,  which  was  daily 
augmented  by  checking  the  frightful  excesses  of  Clodius,  has  col- 
lapsed and  fallen  by  the  death  of  Clodius." 

3  [Clodio]  mortuo,  &c.  "  Since  Clodius  is  dead,  has  at  length  be- 
gun to  be  assailed." 

4  At  odium  valuit,  &c.  "  But,  (says  my  opponent)  hatred  influ- 
enced "  (the  conduct  of  Milo) ;  in  anger  he  perpetrated  the  deed  ;  as  a 
personal  enemy  he  acted  in  the  transaction. 

6  Enim  quid  Milo,&c.     "  For  why  should  Milo  hate  Clodius,  the 
fertile  source   and   material  of  his  glory,  except  that  public  op- 
position, that  leads  us  to  detest  all  unprincipled  men.     3rat,  ut  ille ' 
oth'sHet,  »fcc.     "  There  was  reason  enough  why  he  should  hate  the 
first  protector  of  my  safety,"  &c. 

1  Fuit  reus  Milomn.  Literally,  "Was  the  accused  of  Milo,"  was 
under  Milo'e  accusation. 


208  ORATIO  PRO  T.  ANNIO  MILONE. 

Quo  animo  tandem  creditis  ilium  tyrannum  tulisse  hoc? 
Quantum  [creditis]  fuisse  odium  illius  [Clodii]  et,  '  in 
injusto  homine,  quam  etiam  justum? 

XIV.  2Reliquum  est,  ut  jam  ipsius  natura  defendat  ilium 
[Clodium]  que  consuetudo,  autem  haec  eadem  coarguant 
liunc  [Milonem].  Clodius  [fecit]  nihil  unquam  per  vim, 
Milo  [fecit]  omnia  per  vim.  8  Quid !  quum  ego,  judices, 
vobis  moerentibus,  cessi  urbe,  judiciumne  timui?  non 
[timui]  servos,  non  arma,  non  vim?  Quae  justa  causa,  igi- 
tur,  fuisset  restituendi  mei,  nisi  fuisset  injusta  [causa]  eji- 
ciendi  ?  *  Dixerat  mihi,  credo,  diem,  irrogarat  multam, 
intenderat  actionem  perduellionis,  et  videlicet  in  causa  aut 
mala  aut  mea,  non  et  praeclarissima  et  vestra,  judicium  fuit 
timendum  mihi.  Nolui  meos  cives,  servatos  meis  consiliis 
que  periculis,  objici  pro  me  armis  servorum  et  egentiurn 
civium  et  facinorosorum  [liominumj.  Enim  vidi,  [immo] 
vidi  hunc  Q.  Hortensium  ipsum,  lumen  et  ornamentum  rei- 
publicae  poene  interfici  manu  servorum,  5quum  adesset  mihi ; 
in  qua  turba  C.  Vibienus,  senator,  optimus  vir,  quum  esset 
una  cum  hoc,  ita  mulcatus  est,  ut  amiserit  vitam.  Itaque 
quando  postea  ilia  sica  illius,  quam  acceperat  a  Catilina,  con- 
quievit  ?      Haec  intentata  est  nobis ;  huic  ego  non  passus 

1  In  injusto  homine,  &c.  "  And  in  an  unjust  man  (such  as  Clodius 
was),  how  (in  a  manner)  even  just  and  well-founded."  A  bad  man, 
Cicero  intimates,  naturally  and  with  good  reason  hates  a  good  one. 

2  Reliquum  est  ut  jam,  &c.  "It  remains  that  now  his  own  nat- 
ural disposition  (as  being  averse  to  violence)  should  be  alleged  in 
the  defence  of  Clodius,  and  the  habit  of  his  life  ;  but  that  these 
same  things  should  convict  Milo." 

3  Quid!  quum  ego,  &c.  "What!  when  I,  judges,  while  you 
were  arrayed  in  mourning,  departed  from  the  city  (into  exile),  was 
it  a  trial  that  I  feared ? "  a  judicial  investigation.  "Did  I  not  fear 
(in  reality)  the  slaves,  the  arms,  the  violence  (of  Clodius)  ?  " 

4  Dixerat  mihi,  credo.  "  He  had  appointed  for  me,  I  suppose,  a 
day  (of  arraignment),  he  had  proposed  against  me  a  fine,  he  had 

•  threatened  a  prosecution  of  treason ;  and,  doubtless,  in  some  cause 
either  bad  ( in  itself )  or  (at  least)  pertaining  to  myself,  and  not  one 
that  was  both  illustrious  and  an  affair  of  yours,  I  had  reason  to 
fear  a  public  prosecution ;  (the  truth  is),  I  was  unwilling  that  my 
fellow-citizens,"  &c. 

1  Quum  adesset  mihi.     "  When  he  had  come  to  my  aid." 


OBATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  209 

sum  vos  objici  pro  mo;  haec  insidiata  ost  Pompcio;  Iuum: 
cruentavil    neoe    Papirii  iatam  Appiam,  monumentum   sui 

noniinis  ;  haec,  haec  eadem,  loni^o  intervallo,  rurBUfl  c<m- 
vcrsa  est  in  me;  nuper  qmdem,  at  seitis,  poene  oonfecrl  me 
ml  regiam  (scilicet  Numae).  'Quid  simile  (est)  Milonis? 
Omnia  cuius  \is  fuit  semper  haec,  ne  P.  Clodius,  quum  mm 
posset  detrain  in  judicium,  teneret  civitatem  oppressam  "vi. 
Quern  si  voluisset  interficere,  quantae  occasiones  fuerunt, 
quoties,  quam  praeclarae  ?  a  Potuitno,  quum  defenderet 
domum  ac  suos  penates  deos,  illo  oppugnante,  ulcisci  se 
jure  ?  Potuitne,  egregio  civi  et  fortissimo  viro,  P.  Sestio, 
suo  collega,  vulnerato  ?  Potuitne,  Q.  Fabricio,  optimo  viro, 
pulso,  quum  ferret  legem  de  meo  reditu,  crudelissima  oaede 
facta  in  foro  ?  Potuitne  domo  L.  UaeciUi,  justissimi  que  for- 
tissimi  praetoris,  oppugnata  ?  Potuitne  illo  die,  3  quum  lex 
lata  est  de  me  ?  quum  concursus  totius  Italiae,  quern  mea 
salus  concitarat,  libens  agnovisset  gloriam  illius  facti,  ut, 
etiamsi  Milo  fecisset,  cuncta  civitas  vindicaret  earn  laudem 
pro  sua? 

XV.     4  Atqui  erat    id    temporis    clarissimus    et    fortis- 

1  Quid  simile  (est)  Milonis?  "  What  of  a  similar  character  is  there 
pertaining  to  Milo,  all  whose  violence  (if  it  can  be  called  such)  was 
always  this,  or  to  this  effect,  that  P.  Clodius,  since  he  could  not  be 
impleaded  in  court,  should  not  (be  permitted  to)  overpower  the 
state  with  (his)  violence,  and  hold  it  in  subjection."  Literally, 
"  should  not  hold  the  state,  oppressed  with  violence,  in  subjec- 
tion." 

a Potuitne,  qmim  defenderet,  &c.  "Could  he  not,  when  he  was 
defending  his  home  and  his  household  gods  from  the  attack  of 
Clodius  (Literally,  '  he,  [Clodius]  making  an  attack'),  have 
avenged  himself  with  (entire)  justification.  Could  he  not  have 
done  so  ?  "  &c. 

3  Quum  lex  lata  est,  &o.  "'  When  the  law  was  passed  concerning 
me.  (and  my  recall  from  exile)  ?  when  the  concurrence  of  all  Italy, 
which  my  safety  had  roused  (to  solicitude),  would  have  gladly 
acknowledged  the  glory  of  that  act,  so  that,  even  if  Milo  had  done 
so  (had  inflicted  punishment  on  Clodius),  the  whole  state  would 
have  claimed  the  praise  (and  credit)  as  its  own." 

*  Atqui  erat  id  temjwris,  <fcc.  u  But  there  was  at  that  time  (at  the 
head  of  the  republic)  a  very  illustrious  and  resolute  consul,  a  per- 
sonal foe  to  Clodius,  P.  Lentulus,  an  avenger  of  his  criminal  treat- 


210  OEATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

sinms  consul,  inimicus  Clodio,  P.  Lentulus,  ultor  illius 
sceleris,  propugnator  senatus,  defensor  vestrae  voluntatis, 
patronus  publici  consensus,  restitutor  meae  salutis  ;  [erant] 
septem  praetores,  octo  tribuni  plebis,  adversarii  illius,  de- 
fensores  mei  ;  Cn.  Pompeius  [fuit]  auctor  et  dux  mei  reditus, 
hostis  illius  [Clodii],  cujus  sententiam  gravissimam  et  orna- 
tissimam  de  mea  salute  oiunis  senatus  secutus  est,  1  qui 
cohortatus  est  Romanum  populum,  qui,  quum  fecit  decretum 
de  me  Capuae,  2  ipse  dedit  signum  cunctae  Italiae  cupienti 
et  imploranti  ejus  fidem,  ut  concurrerent  ad  restituendum 
me  Komam ;  turn  denique  omnia  odia  civium  ardebant  in 
ilium  8  desiderio  mei ;  quern  qui  turn  interemisset,  "  11011 
cogitaretnr  de  ejus  impunitate  sed  de  praemiis.  Tamen  Milo 
continuit  se,  et  vocavit  P.  Clodium  bis  in  judicium,  nun- 
quam  ad  vim.  Quid  ?  Mil  one  privato,  et  reo  ad  populum, 
P.  Clodio  accusante,  quum  impetus  factus  est  in  Cn.  Pom- 
peium  dicentem  pro  Milone,  6quae  occasio  non  modo  fuit 
turn,  sed  etiam  causa  opprimendi  illius  ?     c  Nuper  vero  quum 

ment  of  me  (in  procuring  my  banishment),  a  supporter  of  the 
senate,  an  advocate  of  your  wish  (for  my  return),  a  promoter  of 
the  public  unanimity  (on  the  subject),  a  restorer  of  my  (personal 
privileges  and)  safety." 

1  Qui  cohortatus  est,  &c.  "Who  encouraged  the  Roman  people 
(to  take  a  stand  in  my  behalf)." 

2  Ipse  dedit,  &c.  ' '  Himself  gave  the  signal  to  all  Italy  desiring 
(the  measure),  and  imploring  his  protection  and  support  to  it,  to 
concur  in  restoring  me  to  Rome." 

3  Desiderio  mei.  ' '  In  consequence  of  affection  for  me  and  regret 
at  my  absence. ' ' 

*  Non  cogitaretur,  &c.  "  The  question  would  not  be  concerning 
his  impunity  (simply),  but  (rather)  concerning  rewards  (for  a  meri- 
torious act)." 

6  Quae  occasio,  &c.  "  What  opportunity  not  only  was  there  then, 
but  also  what  just  cause  for  crushing  and  destroying  him." 

6 Nuper  vero,  &c.  "Recently,  indeed,  when  M.  Antony  occa- 
sioned to  all  good  men  the  highest  hope  concerning  (the  common) 
safety,  and,  very  noble  young  man  that  he  is,  took  npon  himself 
the  responsibility  of  a  very  grave  step  on  the  side  of  the  republic, 
and  captured  and  laid  hold  of  that  monster  (Clodius),  who  had 
always  avoided  the  meshes  of  the  law ;  what  a  fit  occasion  and 
what  a  time  was  that"  for  dispatching  him.  "  When  he  fled  amd 
hid  himself  in  the  shelter  of  a  staircase,  it  would  have  been  a  great 


ORATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  211 

M.  Antonius  attulisset  omnibus  bonis  Bumniam  spem  salufis, 
que  nobilissimufl  adoleacens  fortissimo  Buscepisset  gravis- 
siiii;iin  partem  reipmbiioae,  atque  benerei  jam  Lrretdtam  illam 

bclluani,  deelinantem  laqueos jiulicii ;  qui  locus,  quod  tempos 
fuifc  illucl,  immortales  clii !  Quum  ille  fugiens  abdidissi 
in  tenebras  sealarum,  fuit  magnum  Miloni  conficere  illam 
pestem  nulla  invidia  sua,  yero  maxima  gloria  Antonii. 
Quid  !  quoties  fuit  potestas  comitiis  in  campo?  '  Quum  ille 
irrupisset  in  septa,  curavisset  gladios  destringendos,  lapidi-s 
jaciendos,  dein  subito,  perterritus  vidtu  Milonis,  fugeret  ad 
Tiberim,  vos  et  omnes  boni  faceretis  vota,  ut  liberet  Miloni 
uti  sua  virtu te  ? 

XVI.  2  Quern  igitur  cum  gratia  omnium  noluit  [occidere], 
liunc  voluit  cum  querela  aliquorum  ?  Quern  jure,  quern  loco, 
quem  tempore,  quern  impune  non  ausus  est  occidere,  liunc 
no:i  dubitavit  [occidere]  injuria,  iniquo  loco,  alieno  tempore, 
pi  iculo  capitis?  Praesertim,  judices,  quum  contentio  ain- 
plissimi  honoris  et  dies  comitionim  s  subesset ;  quo  tempore 
quidem  (enim  scio  quam  timida  ambitio  sit,  quanta  et  quam 
sollicita  sit  cupiditas  consulatus)  timemus  omnia,  non  modo 
quae  possunt  palam  repreliendi,  sed  etiam  quae  [possunt] 
obscure  cogitari, 4  perhorrescimus  rumorem,  fabulam  fictam, 


thing  for  Milo  (then)  to  have  destroyed  that  (public)  pest  without 
any  odium  to  himself,  but  with  a  very  great  meed  of  glory  to  An- 
tony." 

1  Quum  ille  irrupisset,  &c.     "  When,  for  example,  he  had  broken 

into  the  enclosure  with  violence Vos  et  omnes,  &c.     ''You 

and  all  good  men  offered  prayers  (to  the  gods)  that  it  might  please 
Bfilo  to  use  his  courage"  (and resolution)  to  effect  his  punishment 
a:id  destruction. 

-'  Qwm  irjitur  cum  gratia,  &c.  "Whom,  therefore,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  all  he  was  unwilling  to  kill ;  this  (man)  was  he  willing  (to 
kill)  with  the  disapproval  of  some  ?  whom  with  justice,  whom  in  a 
favorable  place,  whom  at  a  convenient  time,  whom  with  (the  assur- 
ance of)  impunity  he  did  not  dare  to  kill,  (is  it  to  be  supposed)  that 
this  man  he  did  not  hesitate  to  kill  with  injustice,"  &c. ,  &c. 

3 Subesset.     "Was  near  at  hand." 

4  Perhorrescimus,  &c.  "  We  dread  (every  passing)  rumor,  (every) 
story  (however)  f alse  (and)  frivolous.  We  examine  the  countenances 
and  look  into  the  eyes  of  all." 


212  ORATIO   PRO    T.    ANHIO   MILONE. 

levem,  intuemur  ora  atque  oculos  omnium.  Enim  est  nihil 
tarn  molle,  tarn  tenerum,  tarn  aut  fragile  aut  flexibile,  quam 
voluntas  que  sensus  civium  erga  nos,  '  qui  irascuntur  non 
modo  improbitati  candidatorum,  sed  etiam  saepe  fastidiunt 
in  recte  factis.  Milo  igitur  proponens  sibi  hunc  speratum 
atque  exoptatum  diem  campi,  2  cruentis  manibus,  ferens  prae 
se  et  confitens  scelus  et  facinus,  veniebat  ad  ilia  augusta 
auspicia  centuriarum  ?  3  Quam  non  credibile  hoc  in  hoc  ! 
Quam  idem  non  dubitandum  in  Clodio  !  qui  putaret  se  reg- 
naturum,  Milone  interfecto  ?  Quid  !  *  quis  ignorat  spem  im- 
punitatis,  quod  est  caput  audaciae,  judices,  esse  maximam 
illecebram  peccandi  ?  In  utro  igitur  fuit  haec  ?  in  Milone, 
qui  est  etiam  nunc  reus  facti  aut  praeclari,  aut  certe  ne- 
cessarii,  an  in  Clodio,  qui  ita  contempserat  judicia  que  poe- 
nam,  ut  nihil  delectaret  eum,  quod  aut  esset  fas  per  naturam 
aut  liceret  per  leges  ?  Sed  quid  argumentor,  quid  disputo 
pi ura  ?  Appello  te,  Q.  Petili,  optimum  et  fortissimum  civem  ; 
testor  te,  M.  Cato;  quos  quaedam  divina  sors  dedit  mihi  ju- 
dices. Vos  audistis,  ex  M.  Favonio,  Clodium  dixisse  sibi, 
et  audistis,  Clodio  vivo,  Milonem  periturum  [esse]  triduo. 
Post  tertium  diem  res  gesta  est,  quam  dixerat.  5  Qirum  ille 
non  dubitaret  aperire,  quid  cogitaret,  potestis  vos  dubitare, 
quid  feceri  t  ? 


1  Qui  irascuntur  non  modo,  &c.  "  Who  are  irritated,  not  only  at 
the  wrong  conduct  of  candidates,  but  are  even  oftentimes  out  of 
humor  with  what  they  do  aright." 

"2  Cruentis  manibus,  &c.  "  With  blood-stained  hands,  openly  dis- 
playing and  avowing  his  wickedness  and  crime. " 

3  Quam  non  credibile,  &c.  "  How  (utterly)  incredible  is  this  in 
the  case  of  this  man  (Milo),  and  how  is  the  same  thing  beyond  a 
doubt  in  the  case  of  Clodius,  who  imagined  that  he  would  come  to 
reign  if  Milo  were  slain." 

4  Quis  ignorat,  &c.  "  Who  is  not  aware  that  the  hope  of  impuni- 
ty, which  is  the  head  and  fountain  of  presumption  and  audacity, 
is  the  greatest  of  all  allurements  to  crime  ?  In  which  of  the  two  did. 
this  (hope  of  impunity)  exist  (in  the  greatest  degree) ;  in  Milo,  who 
is  even  now  under  accusation  for  a  deed  that  was  either  illustrious 
or,  to  say  the  least,  necessary  ;  or  in  Clodius,"  &c. 

6  Quum  me  non  dubitaret,  &c.     "  When  he  did  not  hesitate  to  dis- 


ORATIO   TRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  213 

XVII.  *  Quemadmodum  igitur  dies  non  fefellit  eum? 
Equidem  dixi  modo.  Nihil  negotii  erat  nosse  stata  sacrificia 
.La nu  vini  Dictatoris.  Vidit  esse  necesse  Miloni  pmlicisci 
illo  ijiso  die,  quo  profectus  est.  Itaque  antevertit.  At  quo 
die  ?  [Eo  die]  quo,  ut  dixi  aute,  fuit  insanissima  concio, 
concitata  ab  ipsius  niercenario  tribuno  plebis;  quern  diem, 
quam  concionem,  quos  clamores  nunquam  reliquisset,  9  nisi 
iipproperaret  ad  cogitatuin  facinus.  Ergo  illi  [fuit]  ne 
quidem  causa  itineris ;  [fuit  etiam]  causa  manendi.  Miloni 
[fuit]  nulla  facultas  manendi;  fuit  causa  non  solum,  sed 
etiam  necessitas  exeundi.  3  Quid,  si,  ut  ille  [Clodius]  scivit 
Milonem  fore  in  via  eo  die,  sic  Milo  potuit  ne  quidem  sus- 
picari  Clodium  [fore  in  via]  !  Primum  quaero,  qui  potuerit 
scire  ?  *  quod  idem  vos  non  potestis  quaerere  in  Clodio. 
Enim,  ut  rogasset  neminem  alium  nisi  T.  Patinam,  suum 
familiarissimum,  potuit  scire  esse  necesse  flaminem  prodi  a 
Milone  dictatore  illo  ipso  die  Lanuvii.  Sed  erant  permulti 
alii,  ex  quibus  posset  facillime  scire  id  ;  scilicet  omnes  Lanu- 
vini.  Unde  Milo  quaesivit  de  reditu  Clodii  ?  B  Quaesierit 
sane.  Videte  quid  largiar  vobis.  Etiam  corruperit  servum,  ut 


close  what  he  (only)  thought,  can  you  hesitate  to  believe  what  he 
(actually)  did." 

1  Quemadmodum  igitur,  &c.  "  In  what  manner,  then,  was  he  cer- 
tainly informed  with  regard  to  the  day,"  of  Milo's  journey  to  Lanu- 
vium.  Literally,  "  Did  not  the  day  deceive  hiin  or  escape  his 
knowledge."     Dixi  modo.       "  I  told  you  just  now."     Nihil  negotii 

11  There  was  no  difficulty  in  knowing  " 

2  Ni»  apprbpt  raret,  &C.  "  Unless  he  were  hastening  to  some  medi- 
tated deed  of  wickedness." 

:i  Quid,  »,  ut  iVc.  &C  "  "Wliat  will  you  say,  if  I  tell  you  that,  as 
he  ( Clodius)  knew  that  Milo  would  be  on  the  road  (to  Lanuvium) 
on  that  day,  so,  on  the  other  hand,  Milo  could  not  even  suspect  that 
Clodius  would  be  on  the  road  "  (back  to  Rome). 

*  Quod  idem  vos,  &c  "A  question  you  cannot  put,  in  turn,  in  the 
case  of  Clodius.  For  although  he  had  asked  no  one  else  but  T. 
Patina,  &c."  Flaminem  prodi.  "  A  Flamen  or  priest  was  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  Milo  as  dictator,"  &c. 

• '  ihnKsierit  sane.  "Grant  that  he  did  make  inquiry."  Videte 
quid  largiar,  &o.  "  You  see  how  liberal  I  am  in  my  concessions  to 
you."  Etiam  corruperit,  &c.  "  Let  him  even  have  bribed  a  slave," 
&c. 


214  ORATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO    MTLONE. 

Q.  Arrius  mens  amicus  dixit.  Legite  tesfcimonia  vesfcrorum 
1  fcertium.  C.  Cassinius  Schola,  Interamnanus,  familiarissi- 
mus  et  idem  comes  Clodii,  '  (cujus  testimonio  jampridem 
Clodius  fuerat  eadem  hora  Interamnae  et  Romae),  dixit  P. 
Ciodium  mansurura  fuisse  illo  die  in  Albano,  sed  esse  subito 
nnntiatum  ei  Cyrum  architectum  esse  mortuum ;  itaque  con- 
stituisse  repente  proficisci  Romam.  C.  Clodius,  item  comes 
P.  Clodii,  dixit  hoc. 

XVIII.  Yidete,  judices,  2  quantae  res  confectae  sint  his 
testimoniis.  Primum  certe  Milo  liberatur  ;  [probatur]  non 
profectus  esse  eo  consilio,  ut  insidiaretur  Clodio  in  via ; 
3  qiuPPe>  s*  ^e  non  erafc  fattiruB  obvius  ei  omnino.  Deinde 
(4  enim  non  video,  cur  non  again  quoque  meum  negotium) 
scitis,  judices,  fuisse  [eos],  qui  dicerent,  5  in  suadenda  hac 
rogatione,  caedem  [ClodiiJ  factam  esse  manu  Milonis,  6  vero 
consilio  alicujus  majoris.  Abjecti  et  perditi  homines  7  de- 
scribebant  me,  videlicet,  latronem  ac  sicarium.  8  Hi  jacenfc 
suis  testibus,  qui  negant  Ciodium  fuisse  rediturum  eo  die 
Romam,  nisi  audisset  de  Cyro.  9  Respiravi  ;  sum  liberatus  ; 
non  vereor  ne  videar  cogitasse  id,  quod  potuerim  ne  quidem 
suspicari.     Nunc  persequar   cetera.      10  Nam  illud  occurrit : 

1  Cujus  testimonio,  &3.  "  By  whose  testimony  some  time  before 
Clodius  was  (alleged  to  be)  at  the  same  hour  at  Interamna  and 
at  Rome." 

a  Quantae  res,  &c.  "  What  important  results  have  been  accom- 
plished." 

3  Quippe,  si  ille,  &c.  "  This  is  certainly  the  case,  if  he  was  not 
going  to  meet  him  at  all." 

4  Enim  non  video,  &c.  "  For  I  do  not  see  why  I  am  not  at  liberty 
to  discuss  my  own  connection  with  this  business. " 

5  In  suadenda  hac  rogatione.  "  In  urging  the  passage  of  the  law 
relative  to  this  prosecution." 

G  Vero  consilio,  &c.  "But  under  the  advice  and  connivance  of 
some  greater  personage  "  (viz. ,  Cicero  himself). 

7  Describebant  me,  &c.  "  Designated  me,  pointed  to  me,  forsooth, 
as  a  robber  and  assassin." 

■  lb'  ja  cent,  &c.  "  These  men  are  prostrated,  laid  low,  or  in  com- 
mon phrase  floored  by  their  own  witnesses. ' ' 

9  Retpiravi.      ' '  I  breathe  again." 

10  Norn  illud  occurrit.  "  For  that  objection  occurs,  or  that  point 
is  made  on  the  other  side.     '  Then  Clodius  did  not  meditate  any  plot 


ORATIO    PRO   T.    ANNIO    MILOXK.  215 

[gitur  Clodius  ne  quidem  oogitavit  de  insidiis,  quoniam  fuit 
inansui  us  in  Albano.  Si  quidem  non  fuisset  exiturus  ad 
oaedeme  villa;  enim  video,  ilium,  qui  dioatur  nuntia&sede 
morto  Cyri,  non  nuntiaoao  id,  sed  Milonera  appropinquare. 
Nam  <[ui«l  nuntiaret  de  Gyro,  quem  Clodius,  profits 
Etoma,  roliquerat  morientcm ?  '  Fui  una;  obsignavi  testa- 
mcntum  simul  cum  Clodio ;  fecerat  auteni  testamentum 
palam  <%t  scripserat  ilium  heredem  et  me.  2  Quem  reliquisset 
pridie  fcortia  bora  emantem  animam,  nuntiabatur  ei  deniqae 
postridie  dccima  hora  Bum  [esse]  mortuum? 

XIX.  3  Age,  sit  ita  factum;  quae  causa  [fuit],  cur  pro- 
peraret  Iiomam,  cur  conjiceret  se  in  noctem  ?  *  Quid  affe- 
rebat  causam  festinationis  ?  Quod  erat  heres  ?  Primnm 
erat  nihil,  cur  esset  opus  properato  ;  deinde,  si  esset  quid, 
quid  tandem  erat,  quod  posset  consequi  ea  nocte,  autem 
amitteret,  si  venisset  Romam  postridie  mane  ?  Atque,  ufc 
nocturnus  adventus  ad  urbem  fuit  vitandus  illi  potius,  quam 


of  assassination,  since  he  was  to  remain  at  Albanum. '  (That  may 
be  true,  Cicero  replies,)  u  if  he  was  not  intending-  to  go  to  the 
slaughter  (of  Milo)  from  his  villa  itself.  For  I  see  (very  clearly) 
that  he  who  is  reported  to  have  brought  intelligence  of  the  death  of 
Cyrus,  did  not  report  this,  but  rather  that  Milo  was  approaching." 
1  Fui  una.  "I  was  there  with  him." 
Q  nem  reliquisset,  &c.  (Is  it  to  be  supposed  with  regard  to  one) 
M  whom  he  had  left  the  day  before  at  the  third  hour  breathing  out 
his  life  (at  the  point  of  death),  that  intelligence  was  (studiously) 
brought  to  him  (Clodius)  the  next  day  at  the  eleventh  hour,  that 
this  man  was  dead."  Was  this  the  trifling  and  gratuitous  import  of 
the  message  he  received  ? 

3  Age,  sit  ita  factum.  "Well,  suppose  it  was  so  done."  Grant 
that  it  was  so. 

4  Quid  afferebat,  &c.  "  What  produced  a  cause  of  haste  ?  "  What 
made  the  occasion  of  haste  ?  "  Was  it  because  he  was  an  heir  (of  the 
deceased  man)  ?  In  the  first  place  there  was  nothing  (in  the  nature 
of  the  case;  why  there  was  need  of  precipitancy ;  in  the  next  place, 
if  there  IDO*  anything  of  this  kind,  what  was  there,  I  ask,  which  he 
could  accomplish  that  night,  but  would  fail  of  attaining  if  he  had 
come  to  Rome  the  next  day  in  the  morning ;  and  farther,  as  a  night- 
arrival  in  the  city  was  to  be  avoided  by  him  (Clodius)  rather  than  to 
be  sought,  so  was  it  incumbent  on  Milo  to  stop  and  wait,  since  he 
was  (by  the  supposition)  a  way -layer  (and  assassin),  if  he  knew 
that  he  (Clodius)  was  to  approach  near  the  city  at  night." 


216  ORATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

expetendus,  sic  fuit  subsidendum  atque  exspectandum  Miloni, 
quum  esset  insidiator,  si  sciebat  ilium  accessurum  [esse]  ad 
urbem  noctu.  Occidisset  noctu,  in  loco  insidioso  et  pleno 
latronum ;  nemo  non  credidisset  ei  neganti,  quern  omnes 
volunt  esse  salvum,  etiam  confitentem.  Primum  ille  ipse 
locus,  occultator  et  receptor  latronum,  '  sustinuisset  hoc  cri- 
men ;  turn  neque  muta  solifcudo  neque  caeca  nox  ostendisset 
Milonem  ;  deinde  ibi  violati  2  ab  illo,  spoliati,  expulsi  bonis, 
multi  etiam  timentes  haec  3  caderent  in  suspicionem ;  denique 
tota  Etruria  citaretur  rea.  *  Atque  illo  die  certe  Clodius 
rediens  Aricia  devertit  ad  se  in  Albanuin  ;  quod  ut  Milo 
sciret  ilium  fuisse  Ariciae,  tamen  debuit  suspicari  eum, 
etiamsi  vellet  reverti  Romani  illo  die,  deversurum  [esse]  ad 
suara  villain,  quae  tangeret  viam.  Cur  neque  occurrit  ante, 
ne  ille  resideret  in  villa,  nee  subsedit  in  eo  loco,  quo  ille 
venturus  noctu  ? 

5 Video  omnia  adliuc  constare,  judices  ;  fuisse  etiam  utile 


1  Sugtinvmet  hoc  crimen.     "Would  have  been  burdened  with  this 
accusation." 
*AbiUo.     "Clodius." 

3  Caderent  in  suspicionem.  "Would  have  fallen  under  the  sus 
picion  "  of  being-  the  assassins  of  Clodius. 

4  Atque  ilio  die  certe,  &c.  ' '  Still  farther,  it  is  certain  that  on  that 
day  Clodius,  in  returning  from  Aricia,  turned  aside  to  his  own 
house  at  Albanuin  ;  and  although  Milo  knew  that  he  had  been  at 
Aricia.  he  ought  to  have  conjectured  that  he,  even  though  he  in- 
tended to  return  to  Rome  that  day,  would  (nevertheless)  turn  aside 
to  his  own  villa,  that  adjoined  the  road.  Why,  then,  did  he  neither 
meet  him  before  (he  reached  this  point)  lest  he  should  (conclude  to) 
abide  in  his  villa  (for  the  night),  nor,  again,  lie  in  wait  for  him  in  a 
place  to  which  he  would  have  to  come  at  night,  or  after  nightfall  ?  " 

5  Video  omnia,  &c.  "I  see  all  things  thus  far  to  be  consistent " 
with  the  innocence  of  Milo.  ' '  It  would  have  been  even  advantage- 
ous to  Milo  that  Clodius  should  continue  to  live  ;  the  death  of  Milo, 
on  the  other  hand,  was  very  much  to  be  desired  by  that  man  (Clo- 
dius) for  the  ends  which  he  longed  to  accomplish.  The  hatred  of 
that  man  to  this  was  very  bitter ;  there  was  no  hatred  of  my  client 
to  him.  The  constant  habit  of  the  one  was  that  of  inflicting  vio- 
lence, that  of  the  other,  only  of  repelling  violence  received ;  death 
was  threatened  to  Milo  by  that  man  and  openly  predicted.  Nothing 
was  ever  heard  from  Milo  (of  a  similar  sort) .  The  day  of  this  man's 
departure  was  known  to  that  one,  the  day  of  that  one's  return  was 


ORATIO    TRO    T.    ANNIO    MI!  217 

Miloni  Clodiura  vivere,  interitum  Milonis  optatissiniuin  ill i 
(Clodio)  ad  c:\,  quae  ooncupierat ;  odium  illius  in  Imnc  fuisse 
ftoerbiscrimum,  nullum  [odium]  hujua  in  ilium;  perpetuam 
opusuetudinem  illius  in  inlarenda  vi,  lmjus  tantum  in  re- 
pellenda  [\i]  ;  mortem  denunciatam  Miloni  ab  illo  et  palam 
praedictam,  nihil  onquam  auditum  ex  Milone ;  diem  profec- 
ti.inis  lmjus  notum  fuisse  ill i,  [diem]  lvditus  illius  iguotum 
buic  ;  iter  lmjus  necessarium,  [iter]  illius  etiam  potius 
alienum  ;  lmnc  tulisse  prae  se,  se  exiturum  Roma  illo  die ; 
ilium  dissiumlasse  se  rediturum  eo  die  ;  hunc  mutasse  con- 
silium nullius  rei,  ilium  finxisse  causam  mutandi  consilii ; 
huic,  si  insidiaretur,  noctem  exspectandam  prope  urbem,  illi, 
etiamsi  non  timeret  hunc,  tamen  nocturnum  accessum  ad 
urbem  fuisse  metuendum. 

XX.  '  Videamus  nunc  id,  quod  est  caput,  utri  tandem 
illo  ipse  locus,  ubi  congressi  sunt,  fuerit  aptior  ad  insidias. 
Est  id  vero,  judices,  etiam  dubitandum  et  diutius  cogitan- 
dum  ?  2  Ante  fundum  Clodii,  in  quo  fundo,  propter  illas 
ins;inas  substructiones,  mille  valentium  liominum  facile 
versabantur,  loco  adversarii  edito  atque  excelso,  Milo  pu- 


unknown  to  this.  The  journey  of  this  man  was  necessary,  the  jour- 
ney of  that  one  was  even  inopportune  (and  incongruous. )  This  man 
openly  avowed  that  he  was  going-  from  Rome  on  that  day,  that  one 
concealed  the  fact  that  he  was  to  return  that  day  ;  this  man  changed 
his  plan  in  no  respect,  that  one  invented  a  reason  for  changing  his 
purpose.  By  this  man,  if  he  intended  an  ambuscade,  night  ought  to 
have  been  waited  for  near  the  city  ;  by  that  one,  even  if  he  had  no 
apprehensions  of  this  man,  nevertheless  a  night-approach  to  the  city 
was  to  be  feared." 

1  Vkleamun  nunc,  &c.  "  Let  us  see  now,  what  is  a  principal  point 
(in  the  case),  to  which  of  the  two  the  very  place  where  they  met 
was  the  most  favorable  for  an  ambuscade.'1 

2  Ante  fundum  Clodii.  "Before  the  estate  of  Clodius,  where,  on 
account  of  those  extensive  works  of  substructure  (that  are  going 
on),  a  thousand  muscular  men  at  least  were  in  employment,  with 
his  adversary  on  high  and  elevated  ground — did  Milo  think  that  (in 
these  circumstances)  he  would  come  off  conqueror,  and  for  this 
reason  especially  select  this  place  for  the  encounter  ?  Or  was  he 
waited  for  rather  in  this  place  by  him  who  thought  to  make  the 
attack  with  the  advantage  of  the  place  itself  ?  " 

10 


218  ORATIO    PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

tarat  se  fore  superiorem,  et  ob  earn  rem  potissimum  elegerat 
eum  locum  ad  pugnam  ?  an  exspectatus  potius  in  eo  loco 
ab  eo,  qui  cogitarat  facere  impetum  spe  loci  ipsius?  Res 
ipsa  loquitur,  judices,  quae  semper  plurimum  valet.  1  Si 
non  audiretis  haec  gesta,  sed  videretis  picta,  tamen  ap- 
pareret  uter  esset  insidiator,  titer  cogitaret  nihil  mali,  quum 
alter  veheretur  in  rheda  paenulatus,  uxor  sederet  una.  Quid 
horum  non  impeditissimum  ?  vestitus,  an  veliiculum,  an 
eomes?  2  Quid  minus  promptum  ad  pugnam  [quam  Milo], 
quum  esset  irretitus  paenula,  impeditus  rheda,  paene  con- 
strictus  uxore  ?  8  Videte  nunc  ilium  egredientem  primum  e 
villa  subito  ;  cur  ?  vesperi  ;  quid  necesse  est  ?  tarde  ;  qui 
convenit,  praesertim  id  temporis  ?  Devertit  in  villain 
Pompeii.  Ut  videret  Pompeium  ?  sciebat  esse  in  Alsiensi  ; 
ut  perspiceret  villain  ?  fuerat  in  ea  millies  ;  quid  ergo  erat  ? 
mora  et  tergiversatio  ;  dum  hie  veniret,  noluit  relinquere 
locum. 

XXI.  Age  nunc  comparate  iter  expediti  latronis  cum 
impedimentis  Milonis.  Semper  ille  [ibat]  autea  cum  uxore  j 
turn  sine  ea ;  nunquam  nisi  in  rheda,  turn  in  equo ;  comites 
[erant]  Graeculi,  quocunque  ibat,  etiam  quum  properabat  in 

1  Si  non  audiretis,  &c.  "  If  you  were  not  to  hear  this  transaction 
(narrated),  but  were  to  see  it  represented  in  a  picture,  it  would  be 
apparent  at  once  which  of  the  two  was  the  way-layer,  (and)  which 
intended  no  mischief,  inasmuch  as  one  of  them,  was  conveyed  in  a 
chariot,  encumbered  with  a  cloak,  and  had  his  wife  sitting*  with 
him.  Which  of  these  thing's  was  not  a  very  great  hindrance,"  the 
garment,  &C. 

'*  Quid  minus  promptum,  &c.  "How  could  any  one  be  less  pre- 
pared for  an  encounter  than  Milo  (was)."  Literally,  "What  could 
be  less,"  &c. 

3  Videte  nunc  ilium,  &c.  "  Look  now  at  the  other  (man).  Com- 
ing forth  at  first  from  his  villa  with  a  sudden  and  hasty  movement." 
Why  was  this  ?  In  the  evening ;  what  was  the  necessity  for  it  ? 
(He  moves  now)  slowly.  How  happens  it  especially  at  that  pe- 
riod of  the  day  ?  He  turns  out  of  his  way  to  the  villa  of  Pompey  : 
Was  it  to  see  Pompey  ?  He  knew  that  he  was  at  Alsium.  Was  it 
to  see  the  villa  V  He  had  been  in  it  a  thousand  times.  What 
was  it,  then,  (that  led  to  these  movements)  ?  (Simply)  delay  and 
intentional  lingering.  Until  this  man  came,  he  was  unwilling  to 
leave  the  place." 


ORATIO    TRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE.  2W 

Etrusca  castra ;  turn  [fuit]  'nihil  nnganim  in  comitniu. 
Milo,  qui  nunquam  [dmvrot  cos],  turn  o&su  ducebat  sym- 
phoniaoofl  pueroe  uxoris  et  greges  ancillarum.  Ille,  qui 
semper  duceret  secuni  scorta,  Bemper  exoletos,  semper  lupas, 
torn  [ducebat]  neminem,  a  nisi  [ita]  ut  diceres  virum  esse 
tectum  a  viro.  Cur  igitur  victus  est?  Quia  viator  non 
Bemper  occiditur  a  latrone,  nonnunquam  etiam  latro  [occidi- 
tur]  a  viatore ;  quia,  qu&mquam  Clodius  [esset]  paratus  in 
imparatos,  tamen  mulier  inciderat  in  viros.  Nee  vero  erat 
Milo  unquam  sic  non  paratus  contra  ilium,  ut  esset  non  fere 
puratus,  8  Ille  semper  cogitabat,  et  quantum  interesset 
P.  Clodii  se  perire,  et  quanto  odio  esset  illi,  et  quantum  ille 
auderet.  4  Quamobrem  nunquam  projiciebat  in  periculuin 
sine  praesidio  et  sine  custodia  suam  vitam,  quam  sciebat 
propositam  et  paene  addictam  maximis  praemiis.  Adde 
casus,  adde  incertos  exitus  pugnarum  6  que  communem  Mar- 
tem,  qui  saepe  evertit  jam  spoliantem  et  exsultantem  et  per- 
culit  ab  abjecto  ;  adde  inscitiam  pransi,  poti,  oscitantis  ducis, 
qui,  quum  reliquisset  hostem  interclusum  a  tergo,  cogitavit 


1  Nihil  nugarum.     "  None  of  those  frivolous  persons." 
a  Nisi  [ita]  vt  diceres,  &c.     u  Unless  you  might  say  each  man  was 
selected  by  his  companion,"  man  by  man,  as  for  a  dangerous  enter- 
prise. 

3  Ille  semper  cogitabat,  &c.  "  He  was  having  it  in  mind  both  how 
much  it  concerned  the  interest  of  P.  Clodius  that  he  should  die,  and 
in  how  much  ill-favor  he  was  with  him   [Clodius],  and  how  great 

ifl  daring  (and  effrontery)." 

4  Quamobrem  nunquam  projiciebat,  &0.  "Wherefore  he  never 
exposed  to  peril,  without  precaution  and  without  a  guard,  his  life, 
which  he  knew  to  be  publicly  offered,  and  almost  made  over  and 
devoted  to  the  highest  premium." 

6  Que  communem  Martem,  &c.  "And  the  common  fortune  of 
war,  which  has  often  overthrown  the  already  plundering  and  exult- 
ing (conqueror),  and  hurled  him  off  from  the  prostrate  (form  of  his 
adversary).  Add  [to  these  things]  the  unskil fulness  of  an  overfed, 
drunken,  and  listless  leader,  who,  when  he  had  left  his  enemy  inter- 
cepted in  the  rear,  took  no  thought  of  his  hindmost  attendants, 
among  whom,  when  he  had  fallen,  (as  they  were  inflamed  with, 
anger  and  despairing  of  the  life  of  their  master),  he  got  caught  in 
those  retributions  which  faithful  slaves  demanded  from  him  (in 
revenge)  for  the  life  of  their  master. 


220         ORATIO  TRO  T.  ANNIO  MILONE. 

nihil  de  ejus  extremis  comitibus,  in  quos  incensos  ira  que 
desperantes  vitam  domini  quum  incidisset,  haesit  in  iis 
poenis,  quas  fideles  servi  expetiverunt  ab  eo  pro  vita  domini. 
Cur  igitur  manumisit  eos  ?  Metuebat  scilicet  ne  indicarent, 
ne  non  possent  perferre  dolorem,  ne  cogerentur  tormentis 
confiteri  P.  CI  odium  occisum  esse  a  servis  Milonis  in  Appia 
via.  Quid  opus  est  tortore  ?  1  Quid  quaeris  ?  Occideritne  ? 
Occidit.  Jure  an  injuria?  Nihil  ad  tortorem.  Enim 
quaestio  est  facti  in"equuleo,  juris  in  judicio. 

XXII.  2  Quod  igitur  est  quaerendum  in  causa,  agamus 
id  hie ;  quod  vis  invenire  tormentis,  id  fatemur.  Vero 
cur  manumiserit,  si  quaeris  id,  potius  quam  cur  affecerit 
paruin  amplis  praemiis,  3  nescis  reprehendere  factum  inimici. 
Enim  hie  idem  M.  Cato,  qui  semper  [dicit]  omnia  con- 
stanter  et  fortiter,  dixit,  et  dixit  in  turbulenta  concione, 
quae  tamen  placata  est  hujus  auctoritate,  [eos],  qui  defen- 
dissent  4  caput  domini  fuisse  dignissimos  non  solum  liber- 
tate,  sed  etiam  omnibus  praemiis.  Enim  quod  praemium 
est  satis  magnum  tarn  benevolis,  tarn  bonis,  tarn  fidelibus 
servis,  6  propter  quos  vivit  ?  6  Etsi  id  quidem  non  est  tanti, 
quam  quod  propter  eosdem  non  satiavit  mentem  que  oculos 


1  Quid  quaeris  ?  &c.  "What  is  the  information  you  seek"  to 
extort  by  the  rack?  "Whether  he  killed  him?"  It  is  conceded 
that  "he  killed  him."  Do  you  desire  to  know  "whether  it  was 
done  justly  or  unjustly  ?  "  This  is  not  a  matter  that  belongs  to  the 
torturer.  Literally,  "It  is  nothing  to  the  torturer."  "  For  the 
question  is  one  of  fact  in  the  use  of  the  rack,  and  of  right  in  the 
province  or  sphere  of  judicial  investigation." 

8  Quod  i'jitur  est  quaerendum,  &c.  "  What,  then,  is  the  real  sub- 
ject of  investigation  in  the  cause,  that  we  are  to  occupy  ourselves 
with  here.  What  you  wish  to  discover  by  the  use  of  the  torture, 
that  we  confess." 

3  Nescis  reprehendere,  &c.  • '  You  do  not  know  how  to  find  fault 
with  the  conduct  of  an  enemy." 

4  Caput  domini.     "  The  life  of  their  master." 

5  Propter  quos.     "  Through  whose  agency." 

6  Etsi  id  quidem,  &c.  "  And  yet  that,  indeed,  is  not  of  so  much 
importance  as  (the  fact)  that,  through  the  agency  of  these  same 
(slaves),  he  did  not  satiate  (with  revenge)  the  mind  and  eyes  of  a 
most  cruel  enemy  with  his  blood  and  his  wounds." 


ORATIO   PRO   T.   ANNIO   MILONE.  221 

Grudelissimi  inimici  [sue]  sanguine  et  suis  vulneribus.  '  Qnos 
nisi  niamunisset,  conservatores  doinini,  ultores  •  SCeleria,  de- 
fensores  necis  fuerunl  dedendi  etiam  tormentis.  "  Hie  vero 
habet  nihil  in  Ins  malis,  quod  ferat  minus  moleste,  quam 

ctiiiinsi  quid  accidat  ipsi,  tamen  liu-rituni  prueiiiiuin  peittO- 
lutum  esse  illis.  8  Seil  quaestiones,  quae  sunt  habitae  in  atrio 
Libertatis,  urgent  Milonem.  De  quibusnam  servis  ?  liogas  ? 
Be  [servis]  P.  Clodii.  Quis  postulavit  eos  ?  Appiufl. 
Quis  produxit?  Appius.  Unde  ?  Ab  A])pio.  Bonidii! 
4  Quid  potest  agi  severius?  De  servis  nulla  quaestio  est  lege 
in  dominum  nisi  de  incestu,  ut  fuit  in  Clodium.  Clodius 
accessit  proximo  deos,  propius  quam  turn,  quum  penetrarat 
ad  ipsos,  de  cujus  morte  quaeritur  tamquam  de  violatis 
ceremonis.  Sed  tamen  nostri  majores  noluerunt  quaeri 
de  servo  in  dominum,  non  quia  verum  non  posset  inveniri, 
6  sed  quia  videbatur  indignum,  et  tristius  dominis  morte  ipsa. 
Quum  quaeritur  in  reum  de  servo  aecusatoris  potest  verum 
inveniri  ?     6  Vero  age,  quae  erat  quaestio  aut  qualis  ?     Heus 


1  Quos  nisi  manumisset,  &c.     "  Unleas  he  had  manumitted  these 

(slaves),  the  preservers  of  their  master,  &c must  have  been 

given  up  to  the  rack." 

1  Hie  vero  habet,  &c.  u  This  (my  client)  has  nothing1,  in  the  midst 
of  these  misfortunes,  that  gives  him  so  much  satisfaction  (liter- 
ally, that  he  bears  with  less  uneasiness),  than  (the  fact)  that  al- 
though some  (serious  evil)  should  happen  to  himself,  nevertheless  a 
merited  reward  has  been  paid  to  them." 

8  Sed  quaestiones,  &c.  M  But  (it  is  said)  the  investigations  by  the 
torture  that  are  going  on  in  the  Hall  of  Liberty  press  hard  upon 
Milo." 

4  Quid  potest  agi  severius,  &o.  "  What  more  unjust  thing  can  be 
done  ?  no  inquest  (by  torture)  can  legally  be  made  of  slaves  against 
their  master  except  in  a  case  of  incest,  as  was  done  against  Clodius 
(on  a  former  occasion).  Clodius  (it  seems)  has  made  a  very  near 
approach  to  the  gods,  nearer  than  then  when  he  penetrated  to  (the 
mysteries  of)  the  gods  themselves,  concerning  whose  death  an  in- 
quest is  now  made,  as  if  for  the  sacrilege  of  violated  ceremonies." 

6  Sed  q  'I in  ridebatur  indignum,  &c.  uBut  because  it  seemed  an 
unfit  thing,  and  more  melancholy  to  the  masters  than  death  itself." 

8  Vero  age,  &c.  ' '  But  come,  what  was  the  inquest,  or  of  what 
nature  ?  "  '*  Here  you,  Rufio,  (for  example)  take  care,  if  you  please, 
that  you  utter  no  falsehood.  Did  Clodius  make  a  plot  for  Milo  ? 
He  did.     (To  say  this  is  to  incur)  certain  crucifixion.     He  made  no 


222  OEATTO   PEO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

til,  Rufio,  verbi  causa,  cave,  si  vis,  [ne]  mentiare.  Clodius 
fecit  insidias  Miloni?  Fecit.  Certa  crux.  Fecit  nullas. 
Libertas  sperata.  Quid  certius  hac  quaestione  ?  Subito 
abrepti  in  quaestionem  tamen  separantur  a  ceteris,  et  con- 
jiciuutur  'in  areas,  ne  quis  possit  colloqui  cum  iis.  Quum 
hi  fuissent  centum  dies  penes  accusatorem,  sunt  producti  ab 
eo  ipso  accusatore.  Quid  potest  dici  integrius  hac  quaes- 
tione ?    quid  incorruptius  ? 

XXIII.  Quod  si  nondum  satis  cernitis,  2  quum  res  ipsa 
luceat  tot  tarn  claris  argumentis  que  signis,  Milonem  re- 
vertisse  Komam  pura  atque  integra  mente,  imbutum  nullo 
scelere,  perterritum  nullo  metu,  examinatum  nulla  consci- 
entia ;  recordamini,  per  immortales  deos !  quae  celeritas 
ejus  reditus,  qui  ingressus  in  forum,  3  curia  ardente,  quae 
magnitude)  animi,  qui  vultus,  quae  oratio !  Neque  vero 
commisit  se  solum  populo,  sed  etiam  senatui,  neque  modo 
senatui,  sed  etiam  publicis  praesidiis  et  armis,  neque  his 
tantum,  verum  etiam  potestati  ejus,  cui  senatus  commiserat 
totam  rempublicam,  omnem  pubem  Italiae,  cuncta  arma 
Komani  populi  ;  cui  hie  nunquam  profecto  tradidisset  se, 
nisi  confideret  suae  oausae,  4  praesertim  audiente  omnia, 
metuenti  magna,  suspicanti  multa,  credent!  nonnulla.  Mag- 
na est  vis  conscientiae,  judices,  et  magna  in  utramque  par- 
tem, ut  [ii]  neque  timeant,  qui  commiserint  nihil,  et  [ii],  qui 
peccaverint,  putent 6  poenam  semper  versari  ante  oculos.  Ne- 
que vero  causa  Milonis  semper  probata  est  a  senatu  sine  certa 
ratione.      Enim  sapientissimi  homines  videbant  6  rationem 

plot.     Emancipation  is  looked  for  (as  the  consequence  of  this  testi- 
mony) ;  what  is  more  reliable  than  such  an  inquest  as  this  ?  " 

1  In  areas.     "  Into  cells." 

2  Quum.     "Although." 

3  Curia  ardente.     "  While  the  senate^house  was  burning-." 

4  Praesertim  audiente,  &c.  "  Especially  as  he  (Pompey)  was  one 
who  heard  all  (rumors),  was  in  apprehension  of  great  (move- 
ments)," &c.  / 

5  Poenam  semper  versari,  &c.  "That  retribution  is  always  present 
and  impending  before  their  eyes." 

6  Rationem  faeti,  &c.  "  The  lawfulness  of  (Milo's)  act,  his  calm- 
ness of  mind,  the  firmness  of  his  defence." 


0RAT10    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MIIo.M'. 

facti,  praesentiam  aninii,  constant  iani  defensionis.  An  vero 
obliti  estis,  judices,  *  illo  nuntio  Clodianae  necis  recenti,  non 
modo  sernioues  et  opiniones  inimicorum,  2  sed  nonnullorum 
etiam  imperitorumr  Negabant  eum  esse  rediturum  Romam. 
Enim  arbitrabantur,  sive  fecisset  illud  irato  ac  percito 
animo,  ut  incensus  odio  trucidaret  inimicum,  eum  putasse 
mortem  P.  Clodii 8  [esse]  tanti,  ut  careret  patria  aequo  animo, 
quum  explesset  suum  odium  sanguine  inimici ;  *  sive  etiam 
voluisset  liberare  p'atriam  illius  morte,  fortem  vinun  non 
dubitaturum,  quum  attulisset  salutem  reipublicae  suo  peri- 
culo,  6  quin  cederet  legibus  aequo  animo,  auferret  secum 
sempiternam  gloriam,  relinqueret  haec  fruenda  nobis,  quae 
ipse  servasset.  *  Multi  etiam  loquebantur  Catilinam  atque 
ilia  portenta :  "Erumpet,  occupabit  aliquem  locum,  faciet 
bellum  patriae."  Miseros  interduni  cives  optime  meritos 
de  republica,  in  quibus  homines  non  modo  obliviscuntnr 
praeclarissimas  res,  sed  etiam  suspicantur  nefarias  !  Ergo 
ilia  fuerunt  falsa ;  7  quae  certe  exstitissent  vera,  si  Milo  ad- 
misisset  aliquid,  quod  non  posset  honeste  que  vere  defen- 
dere. 

XXIV.     Quid  ?  8  quae  postea  congesta  sunt  in  eum,  quae 

*IUo  nuntio  ....  recenti.  "As  soon  as  the  report  of  Clodius' 
death  was  made. " 

2  Sed  nonnullorum,  &c.  u  Of  some  persons  also  (however  sincere) 
who  were  inexperienced  (and  misguided). 

3  [Esse]  tanti,  &c.  u  To  be  of  so  much  importance  or  advantage 
(to  the  public  good)  that  he  would  forego  his  country  (and  become 
an  exile)  with  a  contented  mind,  inasmuch  as  he  had  satisfied  his 
animosity  with  the  blood  of  his  foe." 

4  Sive  etiam  voluisset.     "  Or  had  even  intended,"  &c. 

6  Quin  cederet,  &c.  "  To  yield  to  the  laws  with  equanimity,  (and) 
bear  away  with  himself  (into  exile)  an  enduring  (meed  of)  glory." 

6  Multi  etiam  loquebantur ;  &c.  '4  Many  also  were  talking  of  Cati- 
line and  those  monsters  of  iniquity,"  as  if  Milo  were  a  second  Cati- 
line ;  (predicting),  "  He  will  break  forth  (from  the  city) ;  he  will 
take  possession  of  some  advantageous  place ;  he  will  make  war 
upon  his  country." 

7  Qusie  certe  exstitissent  vera,  &c.  u  Which  certainly  would  have 
turned  out  true,  if  Milo  had  done  anything,  &c. " 

8  Quae  postea  congesta  sunt,  &c.  "(The  accusations)  that  were 
afterwards  heaped  upon  him,  that  would  have  smitten  down  any 


224  ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MrLONE. 

perculissent  quemvis  conscientia  etiam  mcdiocrium  delictor- 
urn,  ut  sustinuisset  [ea]  !  Immortales  dii !  sustinuisset  ? 
immo  vero  ut  contempsit  ac  putavit  pro  nihilo  !  quae  neque 
nocens  maximo  animo,  neque  innocens,  nisi  fortissinius  vir, 
potuisset  negligere.  Multifcudo  etiam  scutorum,  gladiorum, 
frenorum  que  pilorum  1  indicabatur  posse  deprehendi.  Dice- 
bant  esse  nullum  vicum  in  urbe,  nullum  angiportum,  in  quo 
domus  a  non  esset  conducta  Miloni ;  arma  devecta  Tiberi  in 
villain  Oericulanam ;  domus  in  Capitolino  clivo  referta  scu- 
tis ;  omnia  plena  malleorum  comparatorum  ad  incendia 
urbis.  Haec  non  solum  delata  sed  paene  credita,  3  nee  repu- 
diata  sunt,  antequam  quaesita.  Laudabam  equidem  incredi- 
bilem  diligentiam  Cn.  Pompeii ;  sed  dicam,  ut  sentio,  judices. 
Ii,  quibus  tota  respublica  est  commissa,  coguntur  audire 
nimis  multa,  neque  possunt  facere  aliter ;  4  cui  etiam  nescio 
qui  popa  Licinius  de  maximo  circo  fuerit  audiendus ;  [di- 
cens]  servos  Milonis,  factos  ebrios  5  apud  se,  confessos  esse 
sibi,  conjurasse  de  interficiendo  Pompeio,  dein  postea  se  per- 
cussum  esse  gladio  ab  uno  de  illis,  6  ne  indicaret.  Nuntia- 
vit  Pompeio  in  liortos.  Arcessor  in  primis.  7  De  sententia 
amicorum  defert  rem  ad  senatum.     8  Non  poteram  non  ex- 


one  (who  labored  under)  the  consciousness  of  even  moderate  of- 
fences, how  did  he  bear  up  under  these  ?  " 

1  Indicabatur  posse  deprehendi.  Literally,  "  Was  shown  to  be  able 
to  be  seized."     Equivalent  to  Indicabatur  multitudinem  posse,  &c. 

2  Non  esset  conducta.     "  Had  not  been  hired." 

3  Nee  repudiata  sunt,  &c.  "  And  were  not  rejected  (as  false)  be- 
fore strict  inquisition  was  made." 

4  Cui  etiam,  &c.  "By  him  also  (Pompey)  an  obscure  priest,  Li- 
cinius, from  the  Circus  Maximus,  had  to  be  listened  to." 

5  Apud se.     "In  his  presence. " 

6  Ne  indicaret.     "  To  intimidate  him  from  giving-  information." 

7 De  sententia  amicorum.  "In  accordance  with  the  opinion  of 
his  friends." 

8  Non  poteram  non  exanimari.  "I  could  not  but  be  half  dead 
with  fear  under  so  great  apprehension  concerning  that  guardian  of 
myself  and  of  my  country  (Pompey),  but  I  wondered,  nevertheless, 

that  any  credit  was  given  to  the  priest that  a  wound  in  the 

side,  that  seemed  to  be  punctured  with  a  needle,  should  be  accepted 
and  taken  as  a  thrust  of  a  gladiator." 


ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  225 

animari  inetu  in  tanta  suspiciono  illius  cuslodis  moi  que  pa> 
triae,  sedmirabar  tamm  cmli  popae;  confession* -m  scrvonun 
andiri  ;  vuliroa  in  latere,  quod  videretor  punotum  acn,probari 
pro  ictu  gladiatoris.  Verum,  ut  intelligo,  Pompeius  '  cavebat 
magia  qnam  dmebat  non  solum  ea,  quae  erant  timenda,  sed 
omnia,  ne  vos  timeretis  aliquid.  Doinus  C.  Caesaris,  claiis- 
simi  et  fortissimi  viri,  nuntiabatur  oppugnata  [fuisse]  per 
multas  horas  noctis.  Nemo  audierat  2  [etiam]  tam  celebri 
loco,  nemo  senserat ;  tamen  audiebatur.  Non  poteram  sus- 
picari  Cn.  Pompeium,  virum  praestantissima  virtute,  [fuisse] 
timidum  ;  putabam  nullam  diligentiam  [fuisse]  nimiam,  tota 
lvpublica  suscepta.  Nuper  frequentissimo  senatu  in  Capi- 
tolio  senator  inventus  est,  qui  diceret  Milonem  esse  cum 
telo.  Nudavit  se  in  sanctissimo  templo,  3  quoniam  vita  talis 
et  civis  et  viri  non  faciebat  fidem,'ut,  eo  tacente,  res  ipsa 
loqueretur. 

XXV.  Omnia  comperta  sunt  falsa  atque  insidiose  ficta ; 
4  qtram  tamen  etiam  nunc  Milo  metuitur.  Non  jam  timemus 
6  hoc  Clodianum  crimen,  sed  perhorrescimus  tuas  [suspicio- 
nes],  Cn.  Pompei,  (enim  jam  appello  te ;  et  ea  voce,  ut  possis 
exaudire  me),  tuas,  tuas  suspiciones,  inquam.  Si  times  Mi- 
lonem, si  putas  liunc  aut  nunc  cogitare  nefarie  de  tua  vita, 
8  aut  aliquando  molitum  esse  aliquid  ;  si  delectus  Italiae,  7  ut 
nonnulli  conquisitores  tui  dictitarunt ;  si  haec  arma,  si  Capi- 
tolinae  coliortes,  si  excubiae,  si  vigiliae,  si  delecta  juventus, 
quae  custodit  tuum  corpus  que  domum,  armata  est  contra 

1  Cavebat  magis,  &c.  ' '  Took  precautions  more  than  really  exer- 
cised fear."  ....  Ne  vos  timeretis  aliquid.  "In  order  that  you 
might  not  have  any  fear  at  all." 

■  [Etiam]  tam  celebri  loco.     "  Even  in  so  public  a  place." 

3  Quoniam  vita,  &c.  "Inasmuch  as  the  life  of  such  a  citizen  and 
man  did  not  afford  any  pledge  "  of  the  falseness  of  the  charge  ;  "so 
that,  being  silent  himself,  the  thing  might  speak  for  itself." 

4  Oman  tamen,  &c.     "  Though  still  even  now  Milo  is  feared." 
'"Hoc  Clodianum  crimen.     "This  charge  concerning  the  death  of 

Clodius,  but  we  dread  thy  suspicions,  Cn.  Pompey." 

6  Aut  aliquando,  &c     "  Or  at  any  time  has  attempted  any  thing." 

7  C't  noiiioilli  eo/if/'iixitores,  &c.  "As  some  detective  agents  of 
yours  have  frequently  said." 

10* 


226  ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONB. 

impetum  Milonis ;  atque  omnia  ilia  l  instituta,  parata,  in- 
tenta  sunt  in  hunc  unum,  magna  vis  certe  et  incredibilis 
2  animus,  et  vires  atque  opes  non  unius  viri  indicantur 
[esse]  in  hoc  [Milone],  si  quidem  in  hunc  unum,  et  praestan- 
tissimus  dux  electus  [est]  et  tota  respublica  armata  est. 
Sed  quis  non  intelligit  omnes  partes  reipublicae  8  aegras  et 
labantes,  commissas  esse  tibi,  ut  sanares  et  confirmares  eas 
his  armis  ?  *  Quod  si  locus  esset  datus  Miloni,  probasset 
profecto  tibi  ipsi,  neminem  hominem  fuisse  unquam  cariorem 
homini  quam  te  sibi ;  se  unquam  fugisse  nullum  periculum 
pro  tua  dignitate ;  se  saepissiine  contendisse  5  cum  ilia  teter- 
rima  peste  ipsa  pro  tua  gloria ;  suum  tribunatum,  6  tuis  con- 
siliis,  gubernatum  [esse]  ad  meam  salutem,  quae  fuisset 
carissima  tibi  ;  se  postea  defensum  [fuisse]  a  te  in  periculo 
capitis, 7  adjutum  in  petitione  praeturae  ;  8  semper  sperasse  se 
habere  duos  amicissimos,  te  tuo  beneficio,  me  suo  (beneficio). 
Quae  si  non  probaret,  9  si  ista  suspicio  inhaesisset  tibi  ita 
penitus,  ut  posset  nullo  modo  evelli,  si  denique  Italia  esset 
mmquam  conquietura  a  delectu,  urbs  ab  armis,  sine  clade 
Milonis,  nae  iste  baud  dubitans  cessisset  patria,  is,  qui  ita 


1  Instituta,  &c.  u  Have  been  set  on  foot,  prepared,  aimed  against 
this  one  man,"  &c. 

2  Animus,  et  vires,  &c.  "  Resolution,  and  the  strength  and  re- 
sources of  no  one  man. " 

3  Aegras  et  labantes.     "  Disordered  and  tottering." 

4  Quod  si  locus,  &c.  "  But  if  an  opportunity  were  given  to  Milo." 
.  ..  .  X<hiin<iii,  &c.  u  That  no  man  was  ever  dearer  to  another 
than  you  to  himself." 

5  Gum  ilia  teterrima,  &c.      "  With  that  detestable  pest "  (Clodius). 

6  Tuis  consiliis.     "  By  your  advice  or  under  your  auspices." 

1  Adjutum  in 'petitione  praeturae.  "  Aided  in  the  canvass  for  the 
praetorship. " 

8  Semper  sperasse,  &c.  ' '  That  he  had  always  indulged  the  hope 
that  he  had  two  persons  strongly  attached  to  him,  you  by  your  kind- 
ness to  him,  me  by  his  kindness  to  me."  Milo  had  exerted  himself 
to  restore  Cicero  from  exile. 

9  8i  ista  suspicio,  &c.  "  If  that  distrust  remained  fixed  in  you  so 
deeply  that  it  could  in  no  way  be  eradicated. "  ....  Conquietura 
a  delectu.  ' '  Would  never  have  rest  from  a  levy. "  .  .  .  .  Is,  qui  ita 
riatus  est,  &c.  "He  who  was  born  for  this  very  thing,  and  has  been 
thus  accustomed  to  act  "  and  to  make  sacrifices  for  his  country. 


ORATIO  PRO  T.  ANNIO  MILONE.         227 

natus  est  et  ita  consuevit ;  ■  tainen  mitestaretur  te,  Magno 
[Pompei],  quod  nunc  etiani  facit. 

XXVI.  *  Vide,  quani  varia  que  commutabilis  sit  ratio 
vitae,  quara  vaga  que  volubilis  [sit]  fortuna,  quantae  [nfideli- 
tates  in  amicitiis,  simulationes  quain  aptoe  ad  tempux,  quan- 
tae  fugae  proximorum  in  periculis,  quautae  timiditates. 
Illud  tempus  erit,  profecto  erit,  et  ille  dies  aliquando  illu- 
cescet,  quum  tu,  tuis  rebus  salutaribus,  ut  spero,  sed  fortasse 
aliquo  motu  communium  temporum  (qui  quam  crebro  occi- 
dat,  debemu3  scire  experti),  desideres  et  benevolent  i.-un 
amicissimi  et  fidem  gravissimi  hominis,  et  magnitudinem 
animi  unius,  fortissimi  viri  post  homines  natos.  *  Quam- 
quam  quis  credat  hoc,  Cn.  Pompeium,  peritissimuni  publici 
juris,  moris  majoruni,  denique  reipublicae,  quum  senatus 
commiserit  ei,  ut  videret,  respublica  caperet  nequid  de- 
trimenti,  quo  uno  versiculo  consules  semper  fueiunt  satis 


1  Tamen  anUstaretur,  &c.  "  Nevertheless  he  would  still  summon 
thee  as  a  witness  (to  the  fact  of  his  innocence  of  this  charge),  as  he 
now  does." 

2  Vide,  quam  varia,  &c.  "Observe  how  fickle  and  changeable 
is  the  plan  of  our  life,  how  unsettled  and  fluctuating  is  fortune, 
how  great  perfidies  in  friendships,  disguises  how  suited  to  the  time, 
what  desertions  of  nearest  friends  in  seasons  of  peril,  what  examples 
of  pusillanimity.  That  time  will  come,  truly  it  will  come,  and  that 
day  sooner  or  later  appear,  when  you,  with  your  own  affairs  in  safe- 
ty, as  I  trust,  but  perhaps  in  some  disturbance  of  the  common  in- 
terests and  concerns  of  men  (and  how  frequently  this  may  happen, 
we  ought  to  know  from  experience, — the  time  will  come,  I  say,  when 
you)  will  stand  in  need  of  the  good-will  of  a  most  friendly  and  the 
good- faith  of  a  most  reliable  man,  and  the  magnanimity  of  one 
of  the  bravest  man  that  ever  lived."  Literally,  u  since  men  were 
born." 

3  Quamquam  quis,  &c.  "  And  yet  who  would  believe  this,"  &c. 
....  Hanc  exercitu,  &c.  u  That  this  man  with  an  army,  this  man 
with  a  levy  granted,  would  have  waited  the  result  of  a  judicial  in- 
vestigation in  order  to  defend  the  measures  of  him  (Clodius)  who,  by 
his  violence,  habitually  abolished  judicial  proceedings  themselves."' 
"It  has  been  sufficiently  adjudged  by  Pompey  that  those  (charges) 
are  falsely  brought  against  Milo,  since  he  has  passed  a  law,  by 
which,  as  I  think,  it  would  be  right  that  Milo  should  be  acquitted 
by  you,  (and  by  which),  as  all  confess,  you  have  the  power  (to  acquit 
him)." 


228  OEATIO   PEO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

armati,  etiani  nullis  armis  datis,  hunc  exercitu,  liiinc  de- 
lectu  dato,  fuisse  exspectaturum  judicium  in  vindicandis 
consiliis  ejus,  qui  tolleret  vel  judicia  ipsa  ?  Satis  judicatum 
est  a  Pompeio,  ista  falso  conferri  in  Milonein,  qui  tulit 
legem,  qua,  ut  ego  sentio,  oporteret  Milonem  absolvi  a  vobis, 
ut  omnes  confitentur,  liceret.  Quod  vero  sedet  in  illo  loco 
atque  circumfusus  illis  copiis  publicorum  praesidiorum,  satis 
declarat  x  se  non  inferre  terrorem  vobis  (enim  quid  [esset] 
minus  dignum  illo,  quam  cogere,  ut  vos  condemnetis  eum, 
in  quern  ipse  et  more  majorum  et  suo  jure  posset  animad- 
vertere)  sed  esse  praesidio,  ut  intelligatis,  contra  illam  hes- 
ternam  concionem,  licere  vobis  libere  judicare,  quod  sentiatis. 
XXVTI.  Nee  vero,  judices,  Clodianum  crimen  mo  vet 
me,  nee  sum  tain  demens,  que  tarn  ignarus  atque  expers 
vestri  sensus,  ut  nesciam  quid  sentiatis  de  morte  Clodii. 
2  De  qua,  si  jam  nollem  ita  diluere  crimen,  ut  dilui,  tarn  en 
liceret  Miloni  impune  palam  clamare  ac  mentiri  gloriose 
"  Occidi,  occidi,  non  Sp.  Maelium,  qui,  3  levanda  annona 
que  jacturis  rei  familiaris,  quia  videbatur  nimis  amplecti 
plebem,  incidit  in  suspicionem  appetendi  regni,  non  Ti. 
Gracchum,  qui  abrogavit  magistratum  collegae  per  seditio- 
nem,    quorum    interfectores    impleverunt    orbem    terrarum 


1  Se  non  inferre  terrorem,  &c.  "  That  he  is  not  imposing-  terror 
(and  constraint)  upon  you  (for  what  would  be  less  worthy  of  him 
than  to  compel  you  to  condemn  a  person  on  whom  he  himself,  both 
by  the  custom  of  his  ancestors  and  his  own  right,  could  pass  judg- 
ment), but  that  it  is  for  your  protection,  in  order  that  you  may  un- 
derstand, in  opposition  to  the  design  of  that  (disorderly)  assemblage 
of  yesterday,  that  you  are  permitted  freely  to  decide  what  you 
(really)  think." 

2  De  qua,  si  jam  nollem,  &c.  "Concerning  which,  if  I  were  dis- 
posed not  thus  to  invalidate  the  accusation  as  I  have  done,  never- 
theless Milo  might  with  impunity  openly  declare  and  proclaim  with 
boasting,  though  not  with  truth."  Not  with  truth,  because  Cicero 
claims  that  Clodius  was  really  killed  by  the  slaves  of  Milo  without 
Milo's  knowledge  or  connivance. 

3  Levanda  annona  que  jacturis,  &c.  "  By  lessening  the  price  of 
corn  (to  the  people)  and  the  expenditures  of  his  private  property  (m 
their  behalf),  because  he  seemed  to  be  paying  too  much  court  to  the 
people,  fell  into  the  suspicion  of  seeking  dominion." 


ORATIO  PRO  T.  ANNIO  MILONE.  229 

gloria  sui  nominis,  '  sed  eum  (enim  attdjBVet  dicere,  quuiu 
liberasaet  natrium  suo  perioaio),  cujus  aefSudnn  adnlterium 

in  saiH'tissiniis  ]»\il vinaiihus  nobilissimae  feminae  a  compiv- 
henderont;  cum,  cujus  supplicio,  senatus  saepe  commit 
8  sollemues  religiones  eicpiandaa  [esse] ;  eum,  *  quern  L.  Lu- 
cullus  juratus  dixit  se  comperisse  fecisse  nefarium  stuprum 
nun  grrmana  sorore,  quaestionibus  habitis ;  eum,  qui  armis 
Nervorum  5  exterminavit  civem,  quern  senatus,  quem  Komanus 
populus,  quern  omnes  gentes  j  m  lira  rant  [esse]  conservatorem 
urbifl  ac  vitae  civium  ;  eum,  qui  dedit,  ademit  regna,  partitus 
est  orbem  terrarum,  quibuscum  voluit ;  eum,  qui,  plurimis 
caedibufl  factis  in  foro,  compulit  domum  vi  et  armis  6  civem 
singulari  virtute  et  gloria ;  eum,  cui  nihil  unquam  fuit  nefas 
1  nee  in  facinore  nee  in  libidine ;  eum,  qui  incendit  aedem 
Nympharum,  8  ut  exstingueret  publicam  memoriain  recen- 
sionis,  impressam  publicis  tabulis;  eum  denique,  8  cui  jam 
erat  nulla  lex,  nullum  civile  jus,  nulli  termini  possession um  ; 
10  qui  petebat  alienos  fundos  non  calumnia  litium,  non  in- 
justis  vindiciis  ac  sacramentis,  sed  castris,  exercitu,  inferen- 
dis  signis  ;  qui  conatus  est  armis  que  castris  pellere  posses- 
sionibus  non  solum  Etruscos  (enim  penitus  contempserat  eos), 

1  Sed  eum,  <fcc.     "  But  [I  have  slain]  him,  (for  he  would  dare  to 
avow  it,  inasmuch  as  he  had  liberated  his  country  at  his  own  peril)." 
a  Comprehenderunt.     "Have  detected." 

3  SoUemnes  religiones,  &c.  ''The  established  and  venerable  rites 
of  religion  (that  had  been  violated)  were  to  be  expiated." 

4  Quern  L.  Lucmlttz,  ifcc.  "Whom  L.  Lucullus,  under  oath,  declared 
that  he  had  discovered  to  have  perpetrated  incest  with  his  own 
sister,  inquest  having-  been  had  with  the  torture  (of  slaves)." 

6  Exterminavit  civem.  u  Banished  a  citizen  ;  "  meaning  Cicero 
himself. 

6  Civem;  meaning  Pompey. 

7  Nee  in  facinore  nee  in  libidine.  "Neither  in  open  crime  nor  in 
secret  lust. " 

8  Ut  exstingueret,  &g.  "  That  he  might  destroy  the  public  record 
of  the  censorial  register  inscribed  upon  the  official  tables." 

D  Cui  jam  erat  etc.  Literally,  u  To  whom  there  was  no  law,"  &c, 
i.e.,  who  recognized  no  law,  &C. 

10  Qui  petebat,  &c.  "Who  sought  to  obtain  the  estates  of  others 
not  by  the  chicanery  of  lawsuits  or  by  unjust  reclamations  and  prose- 
cutions," &c. 


ZoO  OKATIO   PRO    T.   ANNIO   MILONE. 

sed  hunc  P.  Varium,  fortissimum  atque  optimum  civem, 
nostrum  j  udicem  ;  '  qui  peragrabat  cum  architectis  et  de- 
cempedis  villas  que  hortos  multorum ;  qui  terminabat  spem 
possessionum  Janiculo  et  Alpibus  ;  qui,  quum  a  non  im- 
petrasset  ab  splendido  et  forti  Roniano  equite,  M.  Paconio, 
2  ut  venderet  sibi  insulam  in  lacu  Prilio,  repente  convexit 
lintribus  in  earn  insulam  materiem,  calcem,  caementa,  arma, 
que,  domino  inspectante  trans  ripam,  non  dubitavit  exstruere 
aedificium  in  alieno  ;  qui  [ausus  est  dicere]  huic  T.  Furfanio, 
8  cui  viro  !  Immortales  dii  !  (quid  ego  dicam  de  muliercula 
Scantia,  quid  de  adolescente  P.  Apinio  ?  utrique  quorum 
minitatus  est  mortem,  4  nisi  cessissent  sibi  possessione  hor- 
torum) ;  sed  ausus  est  dicere  Furfanio,  si  non  dedisset  sibi 
pecuniam,  quantam  poposcerat,  6se  illaturum  in  ejus  domum 
mortuum,  6  qua  invidia  esset  conflagrandum  huic  tali  viro  ; 
qui  dejecit  de  possessione  fundi  Appium  absentem,  hominem 
conjunctum  mihi  fidissima  gratia ;  qui  instituit  7  sic  ducere 
parietem  per  vestibulum  sororis,  sic  agere  fundamenta,  ut 
privaret  sororem  non  modo  vestibulo,  sed  omni  aditu  et 
limine." 

XXVIII.  8  Quamquam  haec  quidem  videbantur  jam  tol- 

1  Qui  peragrabat,  &c.  "Who  was  in  the  habit  of  traversing, 
(attended)  with  architects  and  instruments  of  mensuration,  the 
estates,"  <fcc. 

2  Non  impetrasset .  ...  lit  venderet.  ' 4  Did  not  obtain  ....  that 
he  should  sell,  i.e.,  "  Did  not  induce  him  to  sell." 

3  Cui  viro  !  &c.  "What  a  man  too  this,  ye  Immortal  Gods  "  (to 
exercise  this  presumption  to). 

4  Nisi  cessment.  Literally,  "Unless  they  retired  for  him  (in  his 
favor),  from  the  possession  of  their  gardens." 

5  Se  iWiturum,  etc.  "  That  he  would  (secretly)  introduce  into  his 
house  a  dead  body,"  and  thus  involve  him  in  a  charge  of  homicide, 
or  put  his  house  under  a  religious  ban  of  some  kind. 

6  Qua  invidia,  &c.  Equivalent  to  invidia  cujus.  "  By  the  odium 
of  which  a  flame  of  indignation  (and  obloquy)  was  to  be  kindled 
against  such  a  man  as  this." 

7  Sic  ducere,  &c.  "In  such  a  manner  to  extend  a  wall  past  the 
threshold  of  his  sister,"  &c. 

8  Quamquam  haec  quidem,  &c.  ' '  And  yet  these  things  seemed  to 
be  endurable,  although  he  was  making  assaults  equally  on  the  re- 
public, on  private  individuals,  on  persons  distant  and  near,  foreigners 


ORATIO   PRO   T.   ANNIO   MILOXK.  231 

oral  til  ia,  ctsi  irruebat  aequabiliter  in  rempublicam,  in  priva- 
tos,  in  longinquos,  in  propinquos,  in  alienos,  in  suos ;  sed 
nescio  quomodo  incredibilis  patientia  civitatis  jam  usu  ob- 
dnruerat  et  percalluerat.  Vero  quae  jam  aderant  et  im- 
pcndebant,  quonam  modo  potuissetis  aut  depellere  aut  ferre 
ea  ?  'Si  ille  nactus  esset  imperium,  omitto  socios,  exteras 
nationes,  reges,  tetrarchas  ;  enim  faceritis  vota,  ut  potius 
iinmitteret  se  in  eos,  quam  in  vestras  possessiones,  vestra 
tecta,  vestras  pecunias  ;  pecimias  dico  ?  ille  nunquam  co- 
liibuisset  suas  efFrenatas  libidines  J  a  liberis,  medius  fidiux,  et 
a  vestris  conjugibu3.  Putatis  haec  fingi,  quae  patent,  quae 
nota  sunt  omnibus,  3  quae  tenentur  ?  ilium  fuisse  conscrip- 
turum  exercitus  servorum,  per  quos  possideret  totam  rem- 
publicam, que  privatas  res  omnium?  Quamobrem,  si  T. 
Annius,  tenens  cruentum  gladium  clamaret :  Adeste,  quaeso, 
atque  audite,  cives ;  interfeci  P.  Clodium,  repuli  hoc  ferro 
et  Lac  dextra  a  vestris  cervicibus  ejus  furores,  quos  potera- 
mus  jam  frenare  nullis  legibus,  nullis  judiciis,  *  ut  per  me 
unum  jus,  aequitas,  leges,  libertas,  pudor,  pudicitia  mane- 
rent  in  civitate,  b  esset  vero  timendum,  quonam  modo  civi- 
tas  ferret  id  !  Enim  nunc  quis  est,  qui  non  probet  ?  qui 
non  laudet  ?  qui  non  et  dicat  et  sentiat  T.  Annium  unum 
post  memoriam  hominum  plurimum  profuisse  reipublicae, 
affecisse  maxima  laetitia  Romanum  populum,  cunctam  Itali- 
an!, omnes  nationes  ?     Non  queo  judicare  quanta    fuerint 


and  Ms  own  countrymen ;  but  somehow  the  incredible  patience  of 
the  state  now  by  use  had  become  hardened  and  callous. " 

1  Si  ilk  nactus  esset,  &c.  "If  he  had  gained  possession  of  the 
government  I  pass  by  our  allies,"  &c. . .  .(what  they  would  have 
suffered). ..  .Enim  facer etis  vota.  "  For  you  would  offer  prayers, 
that  he  would  rather  hurl  himself  against  them,  than  against  your 
possessions,"  &c. 

*  A  liberis,  medius  fidius,  &c.  "From  your  children,  as  God  is 
true,  and  from  your  wives." 

3  Quae  tenentur.  Supply  memoria.  u  Which  are  well  remem- 
bered." 

4  Ut  per  ine  unum.     "  So  that  through  my  agency  alone." 

0  Esset  vero  timendum,  &c.  "Would  he  (Milo)  have  reason  to 
fear  in  what  way  the  state  would  bear  that "  (avowal). 


232  OBATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

ilia  Vetera  gaudia  Komani  populi.  Tamen  '  nostra  aetas  jam 
vidit  multas  clarissimas  victorias  summorum  imperatorum, 
nulla  quaruni  attulit  neque  tarn  diuturnam  nee  tantam  laeti- 
tiam.  a  Mandate  hoc  memoriae,  judices.  Spero  vos  que 
vestros  liberos  esse  visuros  multa  bona  in  republica ;  in  iis 
singulis  semper  ita  existimabitis  vos  fuisse  visuros  nihil 
eorum,  P.  Clodio  vivo.  Adducti  sumus  in  maximam,  et, 
quemadmodum  confido,  verissimam  spem,  3  hunc  ipsum 
annum,  hoc  ipso  sumino  viro  consule,  licentia  hominum  com- 
pressa,  cupititatibus  fractis,  legibus  et  judiciis  constitutis, 
fore  salutarem  civitati.  Nura  est  igitur  quis  tarn  demens, 
qui  arbitretur  hoc  potuisse  contingere,  P.  Clodio  vivo? 
Quid?  *  quod  jus  perpetuae  possessionis  potuissent  ea  ha- 
bere, quae  tenetis,  privata  atque  vestra,  furioso  homine  domi- 
nante  ? 

XXIX.  Non  timeo,  judices,  5 ne  inflammatus  odio  mearum 
inimicitiarum  videar  evomere  haec  in  ilium  libentius,  quam 
verius.  6  Etenim  etsi  debebat  esse  praecipuum,  tamen  ille 
erat  ita  communis  hostis  omnium,  ut  meum  odium  paene 
aequaliter   versaretur  in  communi  odio.     Non  potest  satis 


1  Nostra  aetas,   &c.     "Our  own  age  has  already  seen." Nulla 

quorum,  &c.  "None  of  which  afforded  such  long-continued  and 
so  great  joy  and  satisfaction." 

3  Mandate  hoc,  &c.  "Commit  this  (thought)  to  your  memory, 
judges,"  (which  I  am  about  to  express).  "I  trust  that  you  and 
your  children  will  yet  experience  many  blessings  in  the  republic  :  in 
regard  to  each  one  of  these  several  blessings,  you  will  always  have 
this  opinion,  that  you  would  have  experienced  none  of  them  if 
Clodius  were  still  alive." 

3  Hunc  ipsum  annum. . .  .civitati.  "  That  this  very  year. . .  .is 
about  to  prove  a  prosperous  one  to  the  state." 

4  Q 'tod  jus,  &g.  "What  right  of  permanent  possession  could 
those  things  have,  which  you  hold  as  private  property  and  as  belong- 
ing to  yourself,  if  this  mad  man  (Clodius)  were  ruling  (the  state)." 

6  Ne  inflammatus,  &c.  "  That  inflamed  with  a  hatred  produced 
by  my  private  animosities,  I  may  seem  to  spew  out  these  (re- 
proaches) against  him  with  more  freedom  than  truth." 

6 Etenim  etsi,  &c.  "For  although  it  (my  personal  hostility) 
might  well  be  prominent,  nevertheless  he  was  to  such  a  degree  the 
common  enemy  of  all,  that  my  individual  hatred  was  almost  merged 
in  the  common  hatred  and  only  on  a  level  with  it." 


ORATIO    PRO    T.    AN  Mo    IOLOKB. 

dici,  ae  quidem  cogitari,  '  quantum  sceleris  fuerit  in  illo, 
quantum  exitii.  Quia  attendite  sic,  judices.  .Neiujx'  haeo 
est  quaestio  de  interitu  P.  Clodii.  2  Fingite  animis  (enim 
nostrae  cogitationes  sunt  liberae,  et,  quae  volunt,  sic  intuentur 
ut  ceniinuis  ea,  quae  videmus)  fingite  igitur  cogitatione 
Lmaginem  hujus  meae  conditionis,  si  possim  efficere,  ut  ab- 
solvatis  Milonem,  sed  ita,  si  P.  Clodius  revixerit.  Quid 
extimuistis  vultu  ?  Quonam  modo  ille  vivus  afficeret  vos, 
quos  niortuus  percussit  inani  cogitatione  ?  Quid  !  s  si  Cn. 
Pompeius  ipse,  qui  est  ea  virtu te  ac  fortuna,  ut  semper 
potuerit  [facere]  ea,  quae  nemo  praeter  ilium,  si  is,  inquam, 
potuisset  aut  ferre  quaestionem  de  morte  P.  Clodii  aut 
excitare  ipsum  ab  inferis,  utrum  putatis  fuisse  potius 
facturum  ?  Etiamsi  propter  amicitiam  vellet  evocare  ilium 
ab  inferis,  propter  rempublicam  non  fecisset.  Sedetis  igitur 
ultores  ejus  mortis,  cujus  vitam  si  putetis  posse  restitui 
per  vos,  nolitis,  et  quaestio  lata  est  de  nece  ejus,  qui  si 
posset  reviviscere  eadem  lege,  lex  nunquam  lata  esset. 
4  Si  ergo  esset  interfector  hujus,  in  confitendo  ne  timeret 
poenam  ab  iis,  quos  liberasset  ?     Graeci  homines  tribuunt 


1  Quantum  soeleris,  &c.  "  How  much  that  was  criminal  there 
was  in  him,  how  much  that  was  pernicious  and  hurtful." 

*  Fingite  animis,  &c.  "Form  a  conception  in  your  minds  (for 
our  thoughts  are  free,  and  what  they  wish  they  so  behold,  as  we  per- 
ceive, what  we  behold  (with  our  eyes)  ;  form  then  in .  thought  an 
image  of  this  my  condition,  if  I  could  succeed  in  procuring  your  ac- 
quittal of  Milo,  but  only  on  the  condition  that  P.  Clodius  (also)  were 
brought  to  life  again.  Why  do  you  betray  fear  in  your  counte- 
nances ?  In  what  manner  would  he,  were  he  alive,  affect  you, 
whom,  though  dead,  he  strikes  with  dread  by  the  empty  thought 
of  himself  ?  " 

3  Si  Cn.  Pompeius,  &c.  "  If  Cn.  Pompey  himself,  who  is  of  such 
intrinsic  worth  and  propitious  fortune,  that  he  could  always  do  things 
which  no  one  besides  him  could  do, — if  he,  I  say,  oould  have  either 
procured  a  legal  inquiry  concerning  the  death  of  P.  Clodius,  or  (at  his 
option)  have  raised  Clodius  himself  from  the  dead,  which  do  you 
think  he  would  have  preferred  to  do  ?  " 

4  Si  ergo  esset,  &c.  u  If  then  he  (Milo)  were  (in  point  of  fact)  the 
slayer  of  this  man  (Clodius),  in  confessing  it,  ought  he  to  fear 
punishment  at  the  hands  of  those  whom  he  had  liberated  "  from 
fear  and  danger  ? 


234:  OKATIO   PEO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

honores  deorum  iis  viris,  qui  necaverunt  tyrannos.  Quae  ego 
vidi  Athenis  ?  quae  iu  aliis  urbibus  Graeciae  ?  '  quas  divinas 
res  institutas  talibus  viris  ?  quos  cantus  ?  quae  carmina  ? 
2  Consecrantur  prope  ad  et  religionem  et  memoriam  immor- 
talitatis.  8  Vos  afficietis  conservatorem  tanti  populi,  ultorem 
tanti  sceleris,  non  ruodo  nullis  honoribus,  sed  etiam  patiemini 
rapi  ad  supplicium  ?  4  Confiteretur,  confiteretur,  inquam, 
si  fecisset,  et  magno  animo  et  libente,  se  fecisse  causa  liber- 
tatis  oinniuni,  quod  esset  non  modo  confitendum  ei,  verum 
etiam  praedicandum. 

XXX.  Etenim,  si  non  negat  id,  ex  quo  petit  nihil,  nisi 
ut  ignoscatur,  dubitaret  fateri  id,  ex  quo  etiam  praemia 
laudis  essent  petenda  ?  6  nisi  vero  putat  esse  gratius  vobis  se 
fuisse  defensorem  sui  capitis,  quam  vestri  ;  quum  praesertim 
in  ea  confessione,  si  velletis  esse  grati,  assequeretur  amplissi- 
mos  honores  ;  si  factum  non  probaretur  vobis  (quamquam 
qui  poterat  sua  salus  non  probari  cuiquam  ?)  sed  tamen  si 
virtus  fortissimi  viri  cecidisset  minus  grata  civibus,  magno 
que  constanti  animo  cederet  ex  ingrata  civitate.     Nam  quid 


1  Quas  divinas  res,"  &c.  "  What  divine  rites  instituted  for  (the 
honor  of)  such  men  !  " 

2  Consecrantur  prope,  &c.  "  They  are  welhnigh  consecrated  both 
to  the  religious  reverence  and  commemoration  of  immortality." 

3  Vos  afficietis,  &c.  "  Will  you  distinguish  the  preserver  of  so 
great  a  people,  the  avenger  of  so  great  criminality,  not  only  with  no 
honors,  but  even  suffer  him  to  be  dragged  to  punishment  ?  " 

4  Confiteretur,  &c.  u  He  might  well  confess — confess,  I  say,  if  he 
had  done  this  tiling,  and  that  too  with  magnanimity  aud  freedom — 
that  he  had  done  it  for  the  sake  of  the  liberty  of  all — a  thing  which 
might  not  only  be  confessed  by  him,  but  publicly  proclaimed  (and 
gloried  in)." 

5  Nisi  vero  putat,  &c.  • '  Unless,  indeed,  he  supposes  it  to  be  more 
pleasing  to  you  for  him  to  have  been  a  defender  of  his  own  life  than 
(a  champion)  of  you  (and  of  your  rights)  ;  when,  especially  in  that 
confession,  if  you  were  disposed  to  be  grateful,  he  would  acquire 
the  most  ample  honors  ;  if,  on  the  other  hand,  the  deed  were  not 
approved  by  you  (although  how  could  one's  own  preservation  not  be 
approved  (and  applauded)  by  any  one),  still,  if  the  virtue  of  a  very 
brave  man  did  not  turn  out  an  agreeable  offering  to  his  fellow-citi- 
zens, he  could  withdraw  from  an  ungrateful  country  with  a  mag- 
nanimous and  unshaken  mind." 


OEATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE.  235 

eme1  ingratius,  quam  ceteros  laetari,  eum  solum  Lugere, 
1  propter  quem  ceteri  laetarentUr?  2  Quamquam  onirics  sem- 
per fu imus  hoc  anirao  in  opprimendia  proditoribus  patriae, 
ut,  quoiiiam  gloria  esset  futura  nostra,  putaremmi  perioultun 
quoque  et  invidiam  oostram,  Nam  quae  laua  esset  tribuenda 
mihi  ipsi,  quum  ausus  cssnn  tan  turn  in  meo  consulatu  pro 
vobis  ac  vestris  liberis,  si  arbitrarer  me  ausurum  esse  id, 
quod  conabar,  sine  maximis  dimicationibus  meis  ?  Quae 
nmlier  non  auderet  occidere  sceleratum  ac  perniciosum 
civem,  si  non  timeret  periculum  ?  8  Qui  defendit  rempub- 
lieam  nihilo  segnius  invidia,  morte,  poena  proposita,  is  pu- 
t  a  in  his  est  vere  vir.  "Est  grati  populi  afficere  praemiis 
cives  bene  meritos  de  republica  ;  [est]  fortis  viri  ne  quidem 
moveri  suppliciis,  ut  poeniteat  fecisse  fortiter.  Quamobrem 
T.  Annius  uteretur  eadem  confessione,  qua  Aliala,  qua 
Nasica,  qua  Opimius,  qua  Marius,  qua  nosmet  ipsi,  et,  si 
respublica  esset  grata,  laetaretur,  si  ingrata,  6  tamen  in  gravi 
fortuna   niteretur  sua   conscientia.     8  Sed  fortuna    Romani 

1  Propter  quern.     "  Through  whose  agency." 

2  Quamquam  omnes,  &c.  "  And  yet  we  all  have  always  been  of 
the  opinion,  in  undertaking  to  overcome  the  (enemies)  and  traitors 
of  our  country,  that,  since  the  glory  was  to  be  ours,  we  should  reckon 
the  danger  and  the  odium  to  be  ours  also  "  (and  willingly  submit  to 
it).  "For  what  praise  would  there  have  been  accruing  to  myself 
when  I  had  ventured  so  much  in  my  consulship  for  you  and  your 
children  "  (in  suppressing  the  conspiracy  of  Catiline),  if  I  supposed 
(at  the  time)  that  I  was  about  to  attempt  that  which  I  endeavored 
(to  accomplish)  without  the  greatest  (and  most  perilous)  conflicts  of 
my  own." 

3  Qui  defendit.  "Whoever  defends  the  republic  with  no  less 
alacrity,  when  (he  understands)  that  odium,  death  and  punishment 
are  set  before  him  (as  his  only  reward),  he  is  to  be  esteemed  truly 
a  hero." 

*  Est  grati  popvli,  &c.  "It  is  the  part  of  a  grateful  people," 
&c.  .  .  .  Est  fortis  viri,  &c.  "  It  is  the  part  of  a  brave  man  not 
even  to  be  moved  by  punishments  so  as  to  repent  of  having  acted 
with  courage  "  in  a  critical  period  of  the  republic. 

5  Tamen  in  gravi  fortuna,  &c.  "  Nevertheless  in  his  adverse  for- 
tune he  might  be  sustained  by  his  own  conscious  rectitude. " 

6  Sed  fortuna  Romani  populi.  etc.  kk  But  the  good-fortune  of  the 
Roman  people,  your  (singular)  felicity,  and  the  immortal  gods,  reckon 
a  grateful  recognition  of  this  favor  (the  timely  removal  of  Clodius) 


236  or.vtio  pro  t.  annio  milone. 

populi,  et  vestra  felicitas,  et  immortales  dii  putant  gratiam 
hujus  beneficii  deberi  sibi.  Nee  vero  potest  quisquam  arbi- 
trari  aliter,  nisi  qui  ducit  esse  liullam  [divinam]  vim,  ve 
divinum  nunien,  quern  neque  magnitudo  nostri  imperii,  neque 
ille  sol,  nee  motus  coeli  que  signorum,  nee  vicissitudines  atque 
ordines  rerum  movent,  neque,  id  quod  est  maximum, 
sapientia  majorum ;  qui  et  ipsi  sanctissime  coluerunt  sacra, 
qui  caerimonias,  qui  auspicia,  et  prodiderunt  nobis,  suis 
posteris. 

XXXI.  Est,  est  profecto  ilia  vis  ;  1  neque  inest  quiddam 
in  his  corporibus  atque  in  hac  nostra  imbecillitate,  quod 
vigeat  et  sentiat,  et  non  inest  in  hoc  tanto  tarn  praeclaro 
mo tu  naturae.  Nisi  forte  idcirco  putant  non  [inesse],  quia 
non  apparet  nee  cernitur ;  a  proinde  quasi  nostram  mentem 
ipsam,  qua  sapimus,  qua  providemus,  qua  agimus  ac  dici- 
mus  haec  ipsa  possimus  videre  aut  plane  sentire,  qualis  aut 
ubi  sit.  Ea  ipsa  vis  igitur,  quae  saepe  attulit  incredibiles 
felicitates  atque  oi)es  huic  urbi,  exstinxit  ac  sustulit  illam 
perniciem,  3  cui  primum  injecit  mentem,  ut  auderet  vi  irri- 

to  be  due  to  themselves.  Nor,  indeed,  can  any  one  judge  otherwise, 
unless  one  who  thinks  that  there  is  no  supernatural  agency,  no  di- 
vine power  (concerned  in  human  affairs) — one,  whom  neither  the 
greatness  of  our  empire,  nor  that  (illustrious)  sun,  nor  the  motions 
of  the  heavens  and  the  stars,  nor  the  changes  and  orderly  successions 
of  the  material  universe,  move  to  conviction  and  reverence,  nor 
that  which  is  greatest,  the  wisdom  and  piety  of  our  ancestors,  who 
have  both  cultivated  themselves  most  devoutly  the  observance  of 
sacred  duties,  the  fulfilment  of  ceremonies,  the  due  attention  to 
auguries,  and  have  handed  (these  things)  down  to  us,  their 
posterity. " 

1  Neque  inest  quiddam,  &c.  "Nor  (is  it  to  be  supposed)  that 
there  is  something  in  these  bodies  and  this  imbecile  (and  insignifi- 
cant) nature  of  ours,  that  lives  and  thinks ;  and  that  there  is  not 
the  like  power  in  this  so  great,  so  illustrious  movement  of  nature." 

2  Proinde  quasi,  &c.     "  Just  as  if  with  regard  to  our  mind  itself 

with  which  we  know,  &c we  can  see  or  clearly  perceive  what 

or  where  it  is. " 

3  Cui  primum  injecit,  &c.  ' '  Into  whom  it  first  infused  the  pur- 
pose to  venture  to  provoke  by  violence  and  with  the  sword  to  attack 
a  very  brave  man,  and  to  suffer  a  defeat  from  him,  whom,  if  he 
(Clodius)  had  conquered,  he  would  have  enjoyed  a  perpetual  impu- 
nity and  license." 


0 i:\TIO    TKO   T.   ANNIO   MILONE.  237 

tare  que  ferro  laccsscre  fortissimum  virum,  que  vinceretur 
ab  eo,  quern  si  vicisset,  habiturus  esset  sempiternal!)  Lmpuni- 
tatem  et  licentiam.  Non  humano  consilio,  :  ne  quidem 
mediooci  cura  immortalium  Deorum,  ilia  res  perfecta  est. 
1  Religionee  ipsae,  meliercule,  quae  viderunt  illam  belluam 
cadere,  videntur  rommovisse  se  et  retinuisse  suum  jus  in 
illo.  'Enirn  vos  jam,  Album  tumuli  atque  luci,  vos,  inquam, 
imploro  atque  testor,  que  vos,  obrutae  arae  Albanorum, 
sociae  et  aequales  sacrorum  Romani  populi,  quas  ille,  prae- 
ceps  amentia,  sanctissimis  lucis  caesis  que  prostratis,  oppres- 
serat  iusanis  molibus  substructionum ;  vestrae  arae,  vestrae 
religiones  turn  viguerunt,  vestra  vis  valuit,  quam  ille  pol- 
luerat  omui  scelere ;  que  tu  ex  tuo  edito  monte,  sancte 
Latiaris  Jupiter,  cujus  lacus,  nemora  que  fines  ille  saepe 
macularat  omni  uefario  stupro  et  scelere,  aliquando  aperuisti 
oculos  ad  puuiendum  eum ;  vobis,  vobis  in  vestro  conspectu 
illae  serae,  sed  tamen  justae  et  debitae,  poenae  solutae  sunt. 
Nisi  forte  dicemus  hoc  etiam  factum  esse  casu,  ut  quum  com- 
misisset  proelium  ante  ipsum  sacrarium  Bonae  Deae,  quod 
est  in  fundo  T.  Sestii  Galli,  in  primis  honcsti  et  ornati 
adolescentis,   ante    inquam,   Bonam    Deam   ipsam,   primum 


1  Ne  quidem  mediocri  cura.     "  Nor  by  any  ordinary  care." 
*  ReUr/ionex  ipmc.  Arc.     uThe  consecrated  places  themselves,  I 
solemnly  affirm,  which  saw  that  monster  fall,  seem  to  have  put 
themselves  in  motion  and  to  have  re-asserted  their  right  in  him  "  as 
a  fit  subject  of  punishment. 

3  Kn'uu  i'<>x  jam.  ikFor  you  now,  ye  Alban  mounds  and  groves, 
you,  I  say.  I  invoke  and  call  to  witness,  and  you,  ye  subverted  altars 
of  Alba,  associates  and  equals  in  the  sacred  observances  of  the  Ro- 
man people,  which  he,  with  headlong  temerity,  after  cutting  down 
and  levelling  the  most  sacred  groves,  buried  under  huge  piles  of 
buildings ;  your  altars  and  your  sacred  prerogatives  then  revived 
again  (when  Clodius  fell),  and  your  divine  energy  asserted  itself, 
which  he  had  dishonored  (and  set  at  nought)  by  every  crime ;  and 
thou,  from  thy  lofty  mount,  venerable  Jupiter  Latiaris,  whose  lakes, 
groves  and  precincts  he  had  often  stained  with  every  act  of  in- 
famous licentiousness  and  crime,  at  length  didst  open  thine  eyes  to 
visit  him  with  punishment.  To  you,  to  you  and  in  your  very  sight 
those  late  but  nevertheless  just  and  merited  retributions  were 
paid." 


23$  ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

acciperet  illucl  vulnus,  quo  obiret  teterrimam  mortem,-1  ut 
non  videretur  absolutus  illo  nefario  judicio,  sed  reservatus 
ad  banc  insignem  poenam. 

XXXII.  Nee  non  vero  eadem  ira  deorum  2  injecit  ejus 
satellitibus  banc  amentiam,  ut  ambureretur  abjectus,  sine 
imaginibns,  sine  cantu  atque  ludis,  sine  exsequiis,  sine 
lamentis,  sine  laudationibus,  sine  funere,  oblitus  cruore  et 
luto,  spoliatus  celebritate  illius  supremi  diei,  cui  etiam  ini- 
mici  solent  cedere.  Credo  non  fuisse  fas,  formas  clarissimo- 
rum  virorum  afferre  aliquid  decoris  illi  teterrimo  parricidae 
3  neque  ejus  mortem  lacerari  in  ullo  loco  potius  quam  in  quo 
vita  damnata  est.  Fortuna  Romani  populi,  medius  fidius, 
jam  videbatur  mihi  dura  et  crudelis,  quae  pateretur  ilium 
tot  annos  insultare  in  hanc  rempublicam.  Polluerat  stupro 
sanctissimas  religiones,  perfregerat  gravissima  decreta  sena- 
tusjpalam  redemerat  se  a  judicious  pecunia,  vexarat  senatum 
in  tribunatu,  4  resciderat  gesta  pro  salute  reipublicae  con- 
sensu omnium  ordinum,  expulerat  me  patria,  diripuerat 
bona,  incendcrat  domum,  vexarat  (meos)  liberos,  meam  con- 
jugem.  Indixerat  nefarium  bellum  Cn.  Pompeio,  effecerat 
caedes  magistratuum  que  privatorum,  incenderat  domum  mei 
fratris,  vastarat  Etruriam,  ejecerat  multos  sedibus  ac  fortu- 


1  Ut  non  videretur \  &c.  "  So  that  lie  might  not  appear  to  have 
been  acquitted  by  that  infamous  tribunal  (that  first  tried  him  for 
sacrilege),  but  rather  reserved  for  this  (more)  signal  retribution." 

■ Injecit  ejus  satellitibus,  &c.  "Infused  into  his  satellites  this 
madness,  that  (by  their  insane  agency)  he  was  burned  in  dishonor 

without  the  (customary)  images,"  &c Oblitus,  &c.    "Smeared 

with  blood  and  mire,  robbed  of  the  (funereal)  distinction  of  that 
last  day  (of  death),  to  which  even  personal  enemies  are  accustomed 
to  yield  respect." 

•  Neque  ejus  m/n'tem,  &c.  "Nor  that  his  dead  body  should  be 
fcorn  (and  mutilated)  in  any  other  place,  than  that  in  which  his  life 
had  been  (frequently  and  publicly)  condemned,"  i.e.,  the  forum. 
Mortem  is  the  abstract  for  the  concrete  mortuum. 

*  Itexciderat  gesta,  &c.  "  He  had  rescinded  public  acts,  done  for 
the  safety  of  the  republic  with  the  consent  of  all  the  orders  (of  the 
state),"  alluding  to  the  summary  suppression  of  the  conspiracy  of 
Catiline,  which  Clodius  condemned  aud  impeached. 


ORATIO   TRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  239 

nis,  instabat,  urgebat ;  '  civitas,  Italia,  provinciae,  regn-i  mm 
poterant  capere  ejus  amentiam  ;  a  leges  jam  incidebrviitur 
domi,  quae  addicereut  nos  nostris  servis.  3  Erat  nihil  cujus- 
quam,  quod  quidem  ille  adatnasset,  quod  non  putaret.  fore 
suum  hoc  anno.  Nemo  obstabat  4ejus  cogitationibus  praot.er 
Milonem.  'Arbitrabatur  ilium  ipsum,  qui  poterat  obstare, 
quasi  devinctum  novo  reditu  in  gratiam  ;  dicebat  potentiam 
Caesaris  esse  suam ;  8  contempserat  animos  bonorum  in  meo 
casu  ;  Milo  unus  urgebat. 

X  XXIII.  7  Hie  immortales  Dii,  ut  supra  dixi,  dede- 
runt  illi  perdito  ac  furioso  mentem,  ut  faceret  insidias  hide. 
Ilia  pestis  non  potuit  aliter  perire ;  nunquam  respt/olica 
ulta  esset  ilium  suo  jure.  8  Senatus,  credo,  circumscripsisset 
eura  praetorem.  °  Ne  quidem  quum  solebat  facere  id,  pro- 
fecerat  aliquid  in  hoc  eodem  privato.  lc  An  consules  fuissenfc 
fortes  in  coercendo  praetore  ?  Primum,  Milone  occiso,  ha- 
buisset  suos  consules ;  deinde  quis  consul  esset  fortis  n  in  eo 


I  Civitas,  Italia  ....  non  poterant  capere,  &c.  ' '  The  state,  Italy, 
&c could  not  confine  or  limit  (the  bounds  of)  his  mad  ambi- 
tion." 

-  Leges  jam  incidebantur,  &c.  "  Laws  were  already  engraved  at 
his  own  house  (as  if  they  had  been  antecedently  enacted)  that  con- 
signed us  into  subjection  to  our  own  slaves." 

3  Erat  nihil  enjusquam,  &c.  "  There  was  nothing  belonging  to 
any  one  (else)  that  he  took  a  fancy  to,  which  he  did  not  think 
would  be  his  own  during  this  year." 

4  Ejus  coyitatwnibus.      "  His  sinister  plans." 

6  Arbitrabatur  ilium  ipsum,  &c.  "He  supposed  that  that  very 
person  (Pompey)  who  (alone)  could  successfully  oppose  him,  was,  as 
it  were,  pledged  to  him  by  his  recent  restoration  into  his  favor. " 

G  Coiitempserat,  &c.  "  He  had  shown  his  contempt  for  the  feel- 
ings of  all  good  persons  in  (procuring)  my  exile." 

"'Hie.    p*  Hereupon,"  or  ''in  this  state  of  affairs." 

8 Senatus,  credo,,  &c.  "The  senate,  I  suppos.3,  would  have  re- 
stricted him  (in  the  exercise  of  his  office)  as  praetor. " 

9 Ne  quidem  quum  solebat,  &c.  "Not  even  when  it  was  accus- 
tomed to  do  this,  did  it  accomplish  anything  in  this  same  person  in 
a  private  condition  of  life  ; "  much  less  could  it  restrain  him  in 
office. 

10  An  consules,  &c.  "Would  the  consuls  have  been  resolute  in 
coercing  him  as  praetor  ?  " 

II  lit,  eo  praetore,  &c.     "  In  the  case   of  that  praetor  (Clodius), 


24:0  OKATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

praetore,  per  quern,  tribunum,  meminisset  consularem  virtu- 
tein  esse  erudelissime  vexatam  ?  Oppressisset  omnia,  possi- 
deret,  teneret ;  nova  lege,  quae  inventa  est  apud  eum  cum 
reliquis  Clodianis  legibus,  1  fecisset  nostros  servos  suos  liber- 
tos.  2  Postremo,  nisi  immortales  Dii  impulissent  eum  in 
earn  mentem,  ut  efFeminatus  homo  conaretur  occidere  fortissi- 
mum  virum,  haberetis  liodie  nullam  rempublicam.  3  An  ille 
praetor,  ille  vero  consul,  si  modo  liaec  temp] a  atque  moenia 
ipsa  potuissent  stare  tamdiu,  eo  vivo,  et  exspectare  ej  us  con- 
sulatum,  ille  denique  vivus  fecisset  nihil  mali,  qui,  mortuus, 
Sex.  Clodio  uno  ex  suis  satellitibus  duce,  incenderit  curiam  ? 
Quo  quid  vidimus  miserius,  quid  acerbius,  quid  luctuosius  ? 
Templum  sanctitatis,  amplitudinis,  mentis,  publici  consilii, 
caput  urbis,  aram  sociorum,  portum  omnium  gentium,  sedem 
concessam  ab  universo  populo  uni  ordini,  inflammari,  ex- 
scindi,  funestari?  neque  id  fieri  a  imperita  multitudine, 
quamquam  id  ipsum  esset  miserum,  sed  ab  uno  ?  4  Qui  quum 
ausus  sit  tantum  ustor  pro  mortuo,  quid  non  ausus  esset 
signifer  pro  vivo  ?  6  Abjecit  in  curiam  potissimum  ut  incen- 


through  whom,  when  tribune,  he  remembered  that  the  consular 
power  had  been  most  cruelly  harassed." 

1  Fecisset  nostros,  &c.  "He  would  have  made  our  slaves  bis 
freedmen,"  by  conferring  upon  tbem  political  rights  thab  would 
have  bound  them  to  himself  in  attachment  and  devotion. 

2  Postremo,  nisi,  &c.  "  In  short,  had  not  the  gods  impelled  him 
to  the  purpose,  that  led  an  effeminate  man  (as  he  was)  to  attempt 
to  kill  a  very  brave  man,  you  would  have  no  republic  this  day 
at  all." 

3  An  ille  praetor,  &c.  "  Would  he  as  praetor,  would  he  indeed  as 
consul,  if  only  these  temples  and  the  walls  themselves  (of  the  city) 
could  have  stood  so  long,  with  him  alive,  and  have  waited  for  his 
consulship,  would  he,  in  fine,  as  a  living  man  simply,  have  perpe- 
trated no  evil,  who,  even  after  death,  with  Sextus  Clodius  alone 
of  his  followers  as  a  leader,  could  set  fire  to  the  senate-house  ?  " 

4  Qui  quum  ausus  sit,  &c.  "If  this  man  dared  to  do  so  much  as 
a  corpse-burner  for  a  dead  man,  what  would  he  not  have  dared  to 
do  as  a  standard-bearer  for  a  living  one  ?  " 

5  Abjecit  in  curiam,  <fcc.  "  He  threw  him  down  in  the  senate- 
house  with  the  express  purpose  that  he  might  set  on  fire,  as  a  dead 
man,  that  (edifice)  which  he  had  already,  as  a  living  man,  subverted 
(in  its  authority  and  influence;." 


ORATIO    PRO    T.    ANNIO    MIKiN!'.  241 

deret  mortuus  earn,  quam  everterat  vivus.  Et  sunt  [iij  qui 
querantur  de  Appia  via,  taceant  de  curia  ?  '  et  qui  puteqt 
forum  potuisse  defendi  ab  eo  spirante,  cujus  cadaveri  curia 
BOB  restiterit?  Excitate,  excitate  ipsum,  si  potest  is,  ;i 
muituis.  a  Frangetis  irapetum  vivi,  furias  cujus  insepulti 
vix  sustinetis?  Nisi  vero  sustinuistis  eos,  qui  concuiTerunt 
i-uiit  i";uihus  ad  curiam,  cum  falcibus  ad  (aedem)  Castoris, 
volitarunt  cum  gladiis  toto  foro.  Vidistis  Komanum  popu- 
lum  oaedi,  concioneni  disturbari  gladiis,  41111m  M.  Caelius 
3  audiretur  silentio,  tribunus  plebis,  vir  et  fortissimus  in  re- 
publica  et  firmissimus  in  causa  suscepta  et  deditus  voluntati 
bonorum  et  auctoritati  senatus,  et  divina  et  incredibili  fide 
in  hac  sive  invidia,  sive  singulari  fortuna,  Milonis. 

XXXIV.  4  Sed  jam  satis  multa  [adducta  sunt]  de  causa; 
fortasse  etiam  nimis  multa  extra  causam.  Quid  restat,  nisi 
ut  orem  que  obtester  vos,  judices,  ut  tribuatis  earn  miseri- 
cordiam  fortissimo  viro,  quam  ipse  non  implorat ;  5  ego,  etiam 
hoc  repugnante,  et  imploro  et  exposco.  Nolite,  si,  8  in  fletu 
nostro  omnium,  adspexistis  nullam  lacrimam  Milonis,  si 
videtis  (ejus)  vultum  semper  eundem,  si  vocem,  si  orationem 


1  Et  qui  putent,  &c.  "  And  who  think  that  the  forum  could 
have  been  protected  from  him  as  a  living  and  breathing  man,  whose 
dead  body,  even,  the  senate-house  could  not  resist." 

■  FntiKjdix  inipetum,  &c.  ''Will  you  undertake  to  subdue  the 
violent  onset  of  the  living  man,  the  frenzied  assaults  of  whose  un- 
buried  body  you  could  with  difficulty  support  ?  " 

3  Audiretur  silentio.  "  Was  being  listened  to  in  silent  attention. " 
....  Firmissimus  in  causa  suscepta.  ' '  Most  resolute  in  any  cause 
espoused  by  him."  ....  Divina  et  incredibili  fide,  &c.  "Of  a 
divine  and  incredible  honor  and  trustworthiness  in  this  critical  sit- 
uation of  Milo,  whether  of  odium  (on  the  one  hand),  or  of  singular 
good-fortune  and  felicity  (on  the  other). 

4  Sed  jam  satis  multa,  &c.  "  But  now  arguments  and  topics  suf- 
ficiently numerous  have  been  adduced  relating  immediately  to  the 
cause  itself;  perhaps  also  matters  too  numerous  without  (the  sphere 
of  the)  cause." 

6  Ego,  etiam  hoc  repugnante,  &c.  "I,  even  with  the  opposition 
of  this  my  client,  entreat  and  (earnestly)  implore." 

8  In  fletu  nostro  omnium.     "  In  the  weeping  or  amidst  the  tears 
of  us  alL  "    Nostro  is  equivalent  to  nosti'um. 
11 


242  OEATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

stabilem  ac  non  mutatam,  1  hoc  minus  parcere  ei.  a  Haud 
scio,  an  sit  etiam  multo  magis  adjuvandus  [his  rebus]. 
8  Etenim  si  in  gladiatoriis  pugnis,  et  in  conditione  atque 
fortuna  infimi  generis  hominum,  solemus  etiam  odisse  timidos 
atque  supplices  et  obsecrantes,  ut  liceat  vivere,  cupimus 
servare  fortes  et  animosos  et  ofierentes  se  ipsos  acriter  morti ; 
que  miseret  nos  eorum  magis,  qui  non  requinmt  nostram 
misericordiam,  quam  qui  efllagitant,  quanto  magis  debemus 
facere  hoc  in  fortissimis  civibus.  Hae  voces  Milonis  quidem, 
judices,  quas  audio  assidue  et  quibus  intersum  quotidie, 
examinant  et  interimunt  me.  *  u  Valeant,  inquit,  mei  cives 
valeant ;  sint  incolumes ;  sint  florentes,  sint  beati ;  haec 
praeclara  urbs  que  patria  carissima  mihi,  quoquo  modo  merita 
erit  de  me,  stet ;  mei  cives  ipsi,  sine  me,  sed  tamen  per  me, 
perfruantur  tranquilla  republica,  quoniam  non  licet  mihi, 
[perfruit  eadem]  cum  illis ;  ego  cedam  atque  abibo ;  si  non 
licuerit  mihi  find  bona  republica,  at  carebo  mala,  et  quam 
primam  bene  moratam  et  liberam  civitatem  tetigero,  in  ea 
conquiescam.     O  mei  labores,  inquit,  frustra  suscepti !     O 

1  Hoc.     ' '  On  this  account. ' ' 

2  Haud  scio,  &c.  "  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  he  is  much  rather 
to  derive  advantage  "  from  these  circumstances,  i.e.,  from  his  firm- 
ness and  resolution. 

3  Etenim  si  in  gladiatoriis,  &c.  ' '  For  if  in  gladiatorial  contests 
and  in  the  condition  and  fortune  of  the  lowest  class  of  men  we  are 
wont  even  to  dislike  the  timid  and  the  fawning  and  those  that  beg 
to  be  permitted  to  live,  (but)  are  anxious  to  save  the  brave  and 
courageous  and  those  exposing  themselves  with  alacrity  to  death ; 
and  we  pity  those  more  who  do  not  ask  our  pity  than  those  who 
urgently  demand  it,  how  much  rather  ought  we  to  do  this  in  the 
case  of  the  bravest  citizens  ?  " 

4  Valeant,  inquit,  &c.  ' '  Let  them  thrive,  he  says,  let  my  fellow- 
citizens  thrive  in  prosperity  and  health.  Let  them  be  safe,  let  them 
be  flourishing,  let  them  be  happy ;  let  this  illustrious  city  and  (this) 
country,  most  dear  to  me,  in  whatever  way  it  shall  merit  from  me 
(by  its  treatment  of  me  personally)  continue  to  stand  ;  let  my  fel- 
low-citizens enjoy  a  tranquil  republic  without  me,  but  nevertheless 
by  my  agency,  since  it  is  not  permitted  me  to  enjoy  the  same  in 
conjunction  with  them ;  I  will  give  place  and  withdraw ;  if  I  am 
not  allowed  to  enjoy  a  good  republic,  at  least  I  shall  be  without  a 
bad  one,  and  what  first  well-regulated  and  liberally  constituted 
state  I  shall  come  to  (in  my  exile)  in  it  will  I  find  repose." 


ORATIO  pro  t:  annio  milone.  243 

fallacos  spes !  O!  meae  inanes  cogitationes  !  'Ego,  quam 
tribunua  plebia,  republica  oppressa,  dedissem  me  senatui, 
quern  acce{>eram  exstinctura,  Romanis  equitibus,  quorum 
viivs  erant  debiles,  bonis  viris,  qui  abjecei-uut  oinnem  auc- 
toritatem  Clodianis  armis,  uaquam  putarem,  praesidiam 
bonorum  defuturum  [esse]  mild?  Ego,  quum  reddidissrin 
te  patriae  (enim  HaapiBainw  Loquitur  cum  me),  putarem  non 
futurum  [esse]  locum  mild  in  patria?  Ubi  nunc  est  senatus, 
quem  secuti  sumus?  ubi  illi  Romani  equites,  inquit,  illi  fcui  ? 
ubi  studia  municipiorum  ?  ubi  voces  Italiae  ?  ubi  denique 
ilia  vox  atque  defensio  tua,  M.  Tulli,  quae  fuit  auxilio  pluri- 
mis?  a  mihine  soli  potest  ea  [vox]  opitulari  nihil,  [mild],  qui 
toties  obtuli  me  morti  pro  te  ?  " 

XXXV.  Nee  vero  loquitur  haec,  judices,  ut  ego  nunc, 
flens,  sed  hoc  eodem  vultu,  quo  videtis.  3  Enim  negat,  negat 
se  fecisse,  quae  fecerit,  ingratis  civibus ;  [fecisse]  timidis  et 
circumspicientibus  omnia  pericula,  non  negat.     *  Plebem  et 


1  Ego,  quum  trtbunus plebis.  "  I,  when  as  tribune  of  the  people, 
with  the  republic  under  oppression,  I  devoted  myself  to  the  senate, 
which  I  found  (well-nigh)  extinct  (in  authority),  (when  I  devoted 
myself)  to  the  Roman  knights,  &c.  (when  I  devoted  myself)  to  (the 
interests  of  all)  good  men,  who  had  surrendered  all  authority  to 
the  arms  of  Clodius,  did  I  ever  imagine  that  the  protection  of  the 
good  would  be  wanting  to  myself  ?  I,  when  I  had  restored  you  to 
your  country  (for  very  often  he  speaks  with  me  in  familiar  converse), 
did  I  suppose  that  there  would  not  be  a  place  for  me  in  that  same 
country  ?  " 

2  Mihine  soli,  &c.  "  To  me  alone  can  that  voice  (of  thine)  bring  no 
assistance,  to  me,  who  so  often  have  exposed  myself  to.  death  in  your 
behalf?" 

3 Enim  negat,  negat,  &c.  "For  he  utterly  refuses  to  believe 
that  he  has  done  what  he  has  done  for  ungrateful  citizens  (and  who 
cannot  appreciate  his  services) ;  that  he  has  acted  for  timid  citizens 
and  those  who  are  surveying  with  circumspection  all  the  perils  of 
the  situation,  he  does  not  deny." 

4  Plebem  et  infimam,  &c.  "  The  common  people  and  lowest  mass 
of  the  population,  who,  under  the  leadership  of  P.  Clodius,  threat- 
ened your  prosperity,  this  class,  in  order  that  your  life  might  be  secure, 
he  says  that  he  made  his  own,  so  as  not  only  to  control  them  by  his 
power  but  also  to  soothe  them  by  means  of  his  three  patrimonial  es- 
tates ;  nor  does  he  fear  that,  when  he  shall  have  quieted  the  people 


244  ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO    MILONE. 

infimam  multitudinem,  quae,  P.  Clodio  duce,  immmebat 
vestris  fortunis,  earn,  quo  vestra  vita  esset  tutior,  commemo- 
rat  se  fecisse  suam,  ut  non  modo  flecteret  virtute,  sed  efciam 
deleniret  suis  tribus  patriuioniis ;  nee  timet  ne,  quum  placarit 
plebem  muneribus,  non  conciliarit  vos  singularibus  meritis 
in  reinpublicam.  ■  Dicit  benevolentiam  senatus  erga  se  saepe 
perspectam  esse  his  ipsis  temporibus  ;  vestras  occursationes 
et  [occursationes]  vestrorum  ordinum,  studia,  sermones, 
quemcunque  cursum  fortuna  dederit,  [dicit]  se  ablaturum 
esse  secum.  Meminit  etiam  vocem  praeconis  modo  defuisse 
sibi,  quam  minime  desiderarit ;  vero  se  declaratum  [esse]  con- 
sulem  cunctis  suffragiis  populi,  quod  unum  cupierit ;  2  nunc 
denique,  si  liaec  sint  futura  contra  se,  suspicionem  far.inoris, 
non  crimen  facti  obstare  sibi.  Addit  haec,  quae  sunt  certe 
vera,  fortes  et  sapientes  viros  solere  sequi  non  tarn  praemia 
recte  factorum,  quam  ipsa  recte  facta ;  se  fecisse  nihil  in  vita 
nisi  praeclarissime,  si  quidem  nihil  sit  praestabilius  viro 
quam  liberare  patriam  periculis ;  [eos]  esse  beatos,  quibus  ea 
res  fuerit  honori  a  suis  civibus,  nee  tamen  eos  [esse]  miseros, 
8  qui  vicerint  suos  cives  beneficio ;  sed  tamen  ex  omnibus 
praemiis  virtutis,  si  ratio  esset  habenda  praemiorum,  gloriam 
esse  amplissimum  praemium ;  hanc  esse  unam,  4  quae  con- 
solaretur  brevitatem  vitae  memoria  posteritatis,  quae  effi- 

by  his  liberal  gifts,  he  shall  not  at  length  conciliate  you  by  his  ex- 
traordinary services  towards  the  republic." 

1  Dicit  benevolentiam,  &c.  uHe  says  that  the  good-will  of  the 
senate  towards  himself  was  often  seen  by  him  during  these  (critical) 
times  ;  your  attentions  and  the  attentions  of  your  different  orders, 
your  favorable  regards  and  (encouraging)  words,  whatever  turn  of 
events  fortune  may  grant  to  him,  he  will  carry  away  with  him  "  in 
memory,  and,  if  need  be,  into  exile. 

2  Nunc  denique,  si  haec,  &c.  "  Now  at  length,  if  these  things  (this 
present  trial,  &c.)  shall  turn  out  to  his  disadvantage,  it  is  (the  un- 
founded) suspicion  of  a  criminal  purpose  (against  the  state)  and  not 
this  accusation  (respecting  Clodius)  that  is  an  obstacle  to  his  ac- 
quittal. " 

3  Qui  vicerint  suos  cives  beneficio.  ''Who  have  surpassed  their 
fellow-citizens  in  beneficent  action." 

4  Quae  consolaretur  brevitatem,  &c.  "Which  compensates  the 
brevity  of  life  by  the  grateful  memory  of  posterity." 


ORiiTio  pro  t.  annio  milone.  245 

ceret,  ut  adessemus  absentes,  viveremus  mortui;  denique 
liauc  esse  [viam],  cujus  gradibus  homines  etiam  viderentui 
ascendere  in  coelum.  "  De  me,  inquit,  semper  ltommms 
populus,  semper  omnes  gentes  loquentur,  '  nulla  vetustas  un- 
quam  obmuteeoet.  aQuin  hoc  ipso  tempore,  qunm  omnes 
faces  subjiciantur  meae  invidiae  a  meis  inimicis,  tamen  in 
omni  coetu  hominum  celebramnr  agendis  gratiis,  et  habendis 
gratulationibus,  et  omni  sermone.  Omitto  festos  dies  Etru- 
riae  3  et  actos  et  institutos.  Haec  est  centesima  et  altera 
lux  opinor  ab  interitu  P.  Clodii ;  4  qua  sunt  fines  imperii  Ko- 
mani  populi,  non  solum  ea  fama  de  illo  jam  peragravit,  sed 
etiam  laetitia  (ob  ejus  mortem  peragravit).  Quamobrem 
ubi  hoc  corpus  sit,  inquit,  B  non  laboro,  quoniam  gloria  mei 
nominis  et  jam  versatur  et  semper  habitabit  in  omnibus 
terris." 

XXXVI.  Haec  tu  saepe  [dixisti]  mecum,  his  absentibus ; 
sed,  iisdem  audientibus,  ego  [loquar]  haec  tecum,  Milo; 
non  possum  quidem  satis  laudare  te,  quum  es  isto  animo ; 
8  sed  quo  magis  divina  est  ista  virtus,  eo  majore  dolore 
divellor  a  te.   7  Nee  vero  si  eriperis  mini,  est  ilia  querela  tamen 


1  NuUa  vestustas,  &c.     "  No  distant  age  shall  ever  be  silent." 

2  Quin  hoc  ipso  tempore.  "  But  at  this  very  time  when  all  torches 
are  applied  to  kindle  against  me  a  flame  of  odium  by  my  enemies, 
it  is  still  the  case  in  every  assembly  of  men  I  am  rendered  illustrious 
by  public  thanksgiving  and  by  mutual  congratulations  and  by  the 
universal  speech  of  men." 

:  Et  actos  et  institutes.  ' '  Both  those  already  past  and  (others) 
appointed  (to  be  held)." 

4  Qua  sunt  fines.  "•  Wheresoever  are  the  limits  of  the  empire  of 
the  Roman  people,  not  only  this  report  concerning  him  (Clodius) 
has  already  spread,  but  likewise  joy  on  account  of  his  death  (has 
been  communicated)." 

5  Non  laboro.  "  I  do  not  care. "  Quoniam  gloria,  &c.  Since  the 
glory  of  my  name  is  both  now  familiarly  known  and  always  will 
abide  in  all  lands.  ? 

6  Sed  quo  magis  divina,  &c.  "But  the  more  divine  (and  tran- 
scendent) is  that  virtue  of  thine,  with  the  greater  grief  am  I  torn 
from  you,"  if  that  is  to  be  the  unhappy  result. 

1  Nee  vero  si  eriperis,  Arc.  "  Nor  indeed,  if  you  shall  be  snatched 
away  from  me,  is  there  that  (opportunity  of)  complaint,  neverthe- 
less, left  for  my  consolation,  that  I  can  be  angry  at  these,  from 


246  ORATIO   PRO    T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

reliqua  ad  consolandum,  ut  possim  irasci  his,  a  quibns  ac- 
cepero  tantum  vulnus.  Enim  non  mei  inimici  eripient  to 
mihi,  sed  amicissimi,  non  meriti  male  aliquando  de  me,  sed 
semper  optime.  1  Nullum  tantum  dolorem  judices  unquam 
inuretis  mihi  (etsi  quis  potest  esse  tantus  ?) ;  sed  ne  quidem 
hunc  ipsum,  ut  obliviscar,  quanti  semper  feceritis  me.  Quae 
oblivio  si  cepit  vos,  aut  si  offendistis  aliquid  in  me,  cur  non 
id  luitur  potius  meo  capite,  quam  [capite]  Milonis  ?  Enim 
vixero  praeclare,  si  quid  acciderit  mihi  prius,  quam  videro 
hoc  tantum  mali.  Nunc  una  consolatio  sustentat  me,  quod 
nullum  officium  amoris  a  me,  nullum  studii,  nullum  pietatis 
defuit  tibi,  T.  Anni.  Ego  appetivi  inimicitias  potentium 
pro  te,  ego  saepe  objeci  meum  corpus  et  vitam  armis  tuorum 
inimicorum, 2  ego  abjeci  me  supplicem  plurimis  pro  te;  [mea] 
bona,  meas  fortunas  ac  [fortunas]  meorum  liberorum  contuli 
in  communionem  tuorum  temporum ;  denique  hoc  ipso  die, 
si  qua  vis  parata  est,  3  si  qua  dimicatio  capitis  futura,  de- 
posco.  Quid  jam  restat?  quid  habeo,  quod  faciam  pro  tuis 
meritis  in  me,   4  nisi  ut  ducam  earn  fortunam,  quaecunque 


whom  I  shall  have  received  so  severe  a  wound.  For  it  is  not  my 
personal  enemies  that  will  tear  you  from  me,  but  my  most  intimate 
friends,  not  those  who  have  at  any  time  deserved  ill  of  me,  but 
always  the  very  best." 

x  Nullum  unquam,  judices,  &c.  "No  such  great  sorrow  will  you 
ever  impress  upon  me,  judges, "  (literally,  brand  or  burn  in)  as  will 
arise  from  the  banishment  of  Milo  "  (indeed,  what  can  be  so  great) ; 
but  not  even  this  very  (sorrow)  can  I  suffer  to  such  a  degree  as  to 
forget  how  much  esteem  you  have  always  had  for  me.  If  the  like 
forgetfulness  has  seized  upon  you  or  you  have  taken  offence  at  me 
in  anything,  why  is  not  that  rather  punished  with  my  death,  than 
the  death  of  Milo  ?  For  I  shall  have  lived  illustriously  (and  to  some 
purpose)  provided  my  existence  shall  terminate  before  I  shall  see 
this  so  great  evil."  Si  quid  accident  mihi  is  a  softened  expression 
for  the  occurrence  of  death. 

2  Ego  abjeci  me,  &c.  ' '  I  have  humbled  myself  as  a  suppliant  to  very 
many  in  your  behalf  ;  my  goods,  my  fortunes  and  the  fortunes  of 
my  children  I  have  surrendered  to  a  participation  in  your  perilous 
circumstances. " 

3  Si  qua  dimicatio,  &c.  "  If  any  dangerous  conflict  is  to  occur, 
I  demand  to  have  a  part  in  it. " 

4 Nisi  ut  ducam,  &c.     "Unless  to  consider  that  fortune,  which 


•    ORATIO   PRO   T.   ANNIO   MILONE.  24:7 

erit  tua,  [esse]  meam  ?  *  Non  abnuo,  non  recuso ;  que  obsecro 
vos,  judices,  ut  aut  augeatis  in  hujus  salute  vestra  beneficia, 
quae  contulistis  in  me,  aut  videatis  [ea]  esse  occasura  in 
exitio  ejusdem. 

XXXVII.  Milo  non  movetur  his  lacriniis.  [Hie]  est 
quodam  incredibili  robore  animi ;  putat  exsilium  esse  ibi, 
ubi  non  sit  locus  virtuti ;  mortem  a  esse  finem  naturae,  non 
poenam.  8  Sed  hie  ea  mente,  qua  natus  est;  quid  vos, 
judices?  quo  auimo  tandem  eritis?  Retinebitis  memoriam 
Milonis,  ejecietis  ipsum  ?  et  erit  ullus  locus  in  terris  dignior, 
qui  excipiat  hanc  virtutem,  quam  hie,  qui  procreavit  ?  Vos, 
vos  appello,  fortissimi  viri,  qui  effudistis  multum  sanguiiitiu 
pro  republica ;  vos  appello,  centuriones,  que  vos,  milites, 
in  [periculo]  viri  et  in  periculo  invicti  civis ;  vobis  non 
modo  inspectantibus  sed  etiam  armatis,  et  praesidentibus 
huic  judicio,  haec  tanta  virtus  expelletur  ex  hac  urbe,  ex- 
terminabitur,  projicietur  ?  O  me  miserum,  O  me  infelicem  ! 
4  Potuisti  tu  revocare  me  in  patriam,  Milo,  per  hos,  potero 
non  ego  retinere  te  in  patria  per  eosdem  ?  Quid  respondebo 
meis  liberis,  qui  putant  te  alterum  parentem?   8  Quid    [re- 


shall  be  yours,  of  whatsoever  nature  it  may  be,  shall  also  be  mine," 
by  a  willing  and  cordial  adoption. 

1  Non  abnuo,  &c.  "  I  do  not  reject,  I  do  not  refuse  (these  con- 
ditions), and  I  beg  of  you,  judges,  that  you  either  augment  your 
favors,  which  you  have  (already)  conferred  upon  me,  (by  acquies- 
cing) in  his  (acquittal)  and  safety,  or  behold  them  ready  to  be  can- 
celled and  extinguished  in  his  (condemnation)  and  destruction. " 

2  Esse  finem  naturae,  &c.  "  Is  the  (appointed)  end  of  the  natural 
life,,  (and)  not  a  punishment "  of  crime. 

3  Sed  hie  ea  mente,  &C.  "But  he  is  of  the  resolute  temperament 
and  purpose  with  which  he  was  born  :  what,  nevertheless,  do  you  in- 
tend ?  judges  !  of  what  mind,  I  ask,  will  you  be  ?  will  you  preserve 
the  memory  of  Milo  (and)  will  you  banish  himself  ?  and  shall  any 
place  on  earth  be  more  worthy  to  receive  this  virtue,  than  this, 
which  produced  it  ? 

4  Potuisti  tu,  &c.  "  Couldst  thou  recall  me  to  my  country  from 
exile,  Milo,  by  means  of  these  persons  (whom  I  address),  and  shall 
not  I  be  able  to  retain  3  ou  in  your  country  by  the  agency  of  the 
same  persons 


6  Quid  [j-eqwndebo]  Ubi,  etc.     "  What  answer  shall  I  make  to  thee 


248  ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE. 

spondebo]  tibi,  frater  Quinte,  qui  nunc  abes,  consorti  mecum 
illorum  temporum  ?  mene  non  potuisse  tueri  salutem  Milonis 
per  eosdem,  per  quos  ille  servasset  nostram?  At  in  qua 
causa  non  potuisse  ?  '  [In  ea]  quae  est  grata  gentibus.  A 
quibus  non  potuisse  ?  ab  iis,  qui  maxime  acquierunt  morte 
P.  Clodii ;  quo  deprecante  ?  ine.  a  Quodnani  tantum  scelus 
ego  concepi,  aut  quod  tantum  facinus  aclmisi  in  me  judices, 
quum  indagavi  ilia  indicia  communis  exitii,  patefeci,  protuli, 
exstinxi?  Omnes  dolores  redundant  in  me  que  meos  ex  illo 
fonte.  3  Quid  voluistis  me  esse  reducem  ?  an  ut,  me  inspec- 
tante,  ii  expellerentur,  per  quos  essem  restitutus  ?  Nolite, 
obsecro  vos,  pati  reditum  esse  acerbiorem  mihi,  quam  fuerit 
ille  ipse  discessus.  4Nam  qui  possum  putare  me  esse  resti- 
tutuni,  si  distrahar  ab  iis,  per  quos  sum  restitutus  ? 

XXXVIII.  Utinam  immortales  Dii  fecissent  5  (tua  pace, 
patria,  dixerim ;  eniin  metuo,  ne  dicam  scelerate  in  te,  quod 
dicam  pie  pro  Milone) ,  utinam  P.  Clodius  non  modo  viveret, 
sed  etiam  esset  praetor,  consul,  dictator,  potius  quam  vide- 


brother  Quintus,  who  art  now  absent,  [to  thee]  a  sharer  with  me  in 
those  perilous  times  (of  my  exile)." 

1  [In  ea]  quae  est  grata,  &c.  "  In  that  cause  which  is  approved 
by  all.  A  quibus  non  potuisse,  &c.  From  whom  could  I  not  (obtain 
this  boon)  ?  From  those,  who  most  acquiesced  in  the  death  of  P. 
Clodius;  with  whom  as  an  intercessor?  such  a  one  as  "myself" 
(who  owe  so  much  to  Milo  and  have  done  so  much  to  deserve  well 
of  the  state). 

2  Quodnam  tantum  scelus,  &c.  u  What  a  great  crime  did  I  conceive 
and  what  a  grave  offence  did  I  commit  against  myself,  judges,  when 
I  investigated  those  proofs  (of  a  plot)  for  the  common  destruction 
(in  the  case  of  Catiline),  when  I  exposed  them,  brought  them  forth 
to  public  view,  (and)  extinguished  "  (the  seeds  of  the  conspiracy 
itself). 

3  Quid  voluistis,  &c.  "  Why  did  you  wish  me  to  be  brought  back  " 
(from  exile)  ?  "  was  it  that  in  my  very  sight,  those  might  be  banished 
through  whom  I  was  restored  ?  " 

4  Nam  qui  possum,  &c.  "For  how  can  I  think  myself  to  be  really 
restored,  if  I  am  torn  away  and  separated  from  those  through 
whom  I  have  been  recovered  from  exile. " 

b  J ua  pace,  patria,  &c.  "  With  your  pardon,  my  country,  let  me 
say  it !  for  I  fear  (in  what  I  am  about  to  wish),  I  shall  speak  wick- 
edly against  thee  what  I  shall  say  affectionately  in  behalf  of  Milo)." 


ORATIO   PRO   T.    ANNIO   MILONE.  240 

rem  hoc  spectaculura  !  '  O  iramortales  Dii  !  fortem  virum  et 
a  vobis,  judices,  conservanduni !  a  "  Minime,  minime,  inqnit 
[Milo].  Immo  vero  ille  (Clodius)  luerit  debitas  poenas  ; 
nos  subeamus  non  debitas,  si  ita  est  necesse."  *  Hiccine  vir 
natus  patriae,  morietur  usquam  nisi  in  patria,  aut,  si  forte, 
pro  patria  ?  vos  retinebitis  monumenta  animi  huj  us,  patiemini 
nullum  sepulcruni  corporis  esse  in  Italia?  quisquam  expel  let 
sua  sententia  ex  hac  urbe  hunc,  quern,  expulsum  a  vobis, 
omnes  urbes  vocabunt  ad  se  ?  O  beatam  illam  terrain,  quae 
exceperit  hunc  virum ;  *  ingratam  hanc  [terram],  si  eje- 
cerit,  miserani,  si  amiserit !  Sed  sit  finis.  Enim  neque  jam 
possum  loqui  prae  lacrimis,  et  hie  vetat  se  defendi  lacrimis. 
Oro  que  obtestor  vos,  judices,  ut  in  ferendis  sententiis, 
audeatis  id,  quod  sentietis.  Vestram  virtutem,  justitiam, 
fidem,  credite  mihi,  6is  maxirue  probabit,  qui,  in  legendis 
judicibus,  delegit  quemque  optimum  et  sapientissimum  et 
fortissimum. 


1  0  !  immoi'tales  Dii!  fortem,  &c.  "  Ye  immortal  gods,  how  brave 
a  man,  and  by  you,  judges,  how  worthy  to  be  preserved." 

*  Minime,  minime,  in</uit,  &c.  "By  no  means,  by  no  means, 
remonstrates  (Milo).  Nay,  rather  let  him  (Clodius)  suffer  a  merited 
punishment.  Let  us  submit  to  one  that  is  undeserved,  if  so  it  must 
needs  be." 

*  Hiccine  vir,  &c.  ' '  Shall  such  a  man  as  this,  born  for  his  coun- 
try, die  anywhere  else  except  in  his  country,  or,  if  it  should  so 
chance,  for  his  country?  Will  you  retain  among  you  the  proofs 
and  monuments  of  his  noble  mind,  and  suffer  no  sepulchre  of  his  body 
to  exist  in  Italy  ?  " 

4  Ingratam  hanc,  &c.  ' '  Ungrateful  this  land,  if  it  shall  banish 
him  ;  unfortunate,  if  it  shall  lose  him  !  " 

b  Is  maxime  probabit,  &c.  u  He  (Pompey),  most  of  all,  will  ap- 
prove, who  in  selecting  judges,  has  appointed  (to  the  office)  each 
best  and  wisest  and  most  inflexible  man  "  for  this  important  func- 
tion. 

11* 


INTRODUCTION 


ORATION  IN  BEHALF  OF  A.  LICINIUS  ARCHIAS. 


This  oration  does  not  require  many  words  of  introduc- 
tion. It  was  an  effort  on  the  part  of  Cicero  to  establish 
Archias'  claim  to  be  a  Roman  citizen,  which  had  been  called 
in  question  by  an  officious  person  of  the  name  of  Gratius, 
without  any  very  apparent  motive.  Archias  was  a  native 
of  Antioch,  and  had  cultivated  Greek  literature  extensively 
and  acquired  some  distinction  as  a  poet.  At  an  early  age 
he  came  to  Rome,  and  was  received  into  distinguished  fami- 
lies there  as  a  man  of  letters,  and  employed  himself  in  the 
instruction  of  Roman  youth  of  the  better  class.  Through 
the  agency  of  his  principal  patron,  L.  Lucullus,  with  whom 
he  travelled,  he  had  obtained  enrolment  as  a  citizen  of  Hera- 
clea,  a  town  of  Lucania,  of  considerable  character. 

By  a  law  enacted  in  b.  c.  92,  called  the  Plautian-Papirian 
law,  it  was  provided  that  Roman  citizenship  should  be 
accorded  to  all  who  had  a  domicile  in  Italy  at  that  time, 
who  were  enrolled  in  any  confederate  town,  and  who  made 
a  public  declaration  before  the  praetor  within  sixty  days. 

All  these  conditions  were  fulfilled  in  the  case  of  Archias. 
At  a  later  period,  in  the  year  b.  c.  65,  a  law  was  passed 
called  the  Papian  law,  that  required  all  strangers  or  pere- 
grini  to  be  removed  from  Rome.  .  Of  this  law  Gratius 
availed  himself  to  bring  in  question  the  claims  of  Archias. 


INTRODUCTION.  251 

It  had  unfortunately  happened  that  the  public  archives  of 
Heraclea  had  been  destroyed  by  fire,  and  that  in  conse- 
quence of  various  absences  of  Archias  from  Rome,  his  name 
did  not  appear  in  the  census-lists;  so  that  strictly  legal 
proof  could  not  be  produced  of  the  validity  of  his  claims. 
Cicero  undertakes  to  support  his  claims,  and  besides  some 
secondary  evidence,  such  as  the  oral  testimony  of  Lucullus 
and  the  evidence  also  of  the  magistrates  of  Heraclea,  he  in- 
troduces the  claims  of  literature  to  special  consideration, 
and  descants  with  great  beauty  and  a  congenial  spirit  on 
the  advantages  of  learning  and  the  attractions  of  the  polite 
arts,  and  thus  endeavors  to  predispose  the  minds  of  the 
judges  to  an  indulgent  reception  of  the  cause  of  Archias. 
Herein  lies  the  excellence  of  this  oration,  as  containing 
charming  allusions  to  the  advantages  and  pleasures  of  a 
cultivated  mind,  and  affording  a  stimulus  to  the  youthful 
reader  to  the  prosecution  of  the  most  innocent,  rational 
and  humanizing  of  all  pursuits — that  of  liberal  learning  and 
literary  culture  and  accomplishments. 


ORATIO 

PKO.  A.  LICESTIO  AECHIA, 
POETA. 

NOTES  EXPLANATORY  AND  CRITICAL. 

I. 

1.  Si  quid  est  in  me  ingenii,  &c.  "If  there  is  in  me,  judges, 
any  natural  talent,  which  I  am  aware  is  very  inconsiderable,  or  if 
any  practical  acquaintance  with  public  speaking,  in  which  I  do  not 
deny  that  I  have  been  (at  least)  moderately  exercised,  or  if  any 
systematic  knowledge  of  this  subject  proceeding  from  extensive 
study  and  training  in  the  best  (liberal)  arts,  from  which  I  confess 
that  no  period  of  my  life  has  been  estranged  ;  of  all  these  things, 
even  among  the  first,  this  Aulus  Licinius  is  entitled  to  claim  from  me 
the  fruit  (and  advantage)  almost  by  a  right  of  his  own."  2.  Mihi 
principem. . .  .ea'stitisse.  "To  have  been  to  me  a  principal  agent 
(in  leading  me)  to  undertake  and  prosecute  the  plan  of  these 
studies."  3.  NonnulUs  aliquando,  &c.  "Has  been  at  any  time  a 
(means  of)  safety  to  some."  4.  Ac  ne  quis  a  nobis.  "  And  lest  any 
one  should  chance  to  wonder  that  this  is  so  asserted  by  us,  inasmuch 
as  there  is  in  this  man  (Archias)  a  different  kind  of  genius,  and  not 
this  knowledge  and  training  in  public  speaking  (which  I  have  cul- 
tivated, let  me  say),  that  not  even  have  I  been  wholly  (and  exclu- 
sively) addicted  to  this  one  pursuit."  5.  Ad  humanitatern.  "  To 
liberal  learning."  6.  Et  quasi.  . .  .continentur.  "  And  are  connected 
among  themselves  as  it  were  by  a  certain  (affinity  and)  relation- 
ship." 

II. 

1.  Sed  ne  cui  vestrum,  <fec.  "But  lest  to  any  of  you  it  should 
seem  strange,  that  I,  in  a  (purely)  legal  question,  and  in  a  public 
trial,  when  the  cause  *is  pleaded  before  the  pr-ietor  of  the  Roman 
people,  a  very  upright  man,  and  before  very  grave  judges,  in  so  great 
an  assemblage  and  throng  of  men,  should  use  this  description  of  plead- 
ing, which  is  not  only  at  variance  with  the  custom  of  (public)  trials,  but 
also  to  forensic  speech."  2.  Hanc  veniam,  &c.  "This  privilege, 
suited  (and  appropriate)  to  this  defendant."  3.  Destudiis  Immani- 
tatis. . . .  loqui.     "  To  speak  a  little  more  freely  (than  ia  common 


ORATIO   PRO    A.    LICTNIO    ARCIIIA. — BOTH.  253 

concerning  the  pursuits  of  liberal  knowledge  and  litcraluiv."  J.  Fj 
in  (Jhsiu'kU  pcraoiht,  &c.  tv  And  in  the  case  of  a  person  of  this  des- 
cription, who,  on  account  of  his  [habits  of]  retirement  and  study, 
has  been  very  little  represented  in  public  trials  and  controversies, 
to  employ  a  certain  almost  new  and  unaccustomed  method  of  plead- 
ing." Persona  and  tractata  est  are  phrases  belonging  to  the  s; 
5.  /'<  rfioiam  prqfeoto  ut .  .  .  .putt  tit.  Literally,  "  I  will  truly  bring  it 
to  pass  that  you  think,"  i.e.  "  I  will  induce  or  constrain  you  to  think." 

III. 

1.  Namnt  primwn,  &c.  "  For  as  soon  as  Archias  emerged  from 
boyhood  and  from  those  pursuits  by  which  the  age  of  boyhood  is 
usually  moulded  and  formed  to  liberal  learning,  he  betook  himself 

to  the  occupation  of  writing."      Celeritur contigit.     "  It   was 

his  good-fortune  quickly  to  excel  all  (others)  in  the  splendor  of  his 
genius."  9.  die  >jus  tu'lroatm ,  &c.  4 '  His  arrivals  were  so  blazoned 
in  report,  that  the  expectation  of  the  man  surpassed  the  fame  of 
his  genius  (and)  his  own  (actual)  coming,  and  the  admiration  (he 
awakened)  exceeded  the  expectation  (itself)."  8,  ViHtatc, eeUritqtM 
praemiix  donuruut.  "Presented  him  with  citizenship  and  other 
tokens  of  distinction."  4.  Etomnes  qui,  &c.  "  And  all  who  could 
judge  anything  of   his  talents  esteemed  him  worthy  of  acquaintance 

and  hospitable  entertainment."      5.   Hac  tanta jam  abseatibm 

notus.  l '  When,  in  consequence  of  this  so  great  distinction  of  (per- 
sonal) fame  he  was  already  known  to  persons  at  a  distance  :  i.e.  to 
those  who  h>id  never  seen  him,  he  came  to  Rome,  Marius  being 
consul  (at  the  time)  in  conjunction  with  Catulus."  6.  Nadus  est 
primum,  &c.  "  He  found,  in  the  first  place,  these  persons  in  the 
consulship,  the  one  of  whom  could  supply  the  most  illustrious  deeds 
for  poetic  celebration,  the  other  both  memorable  exploits  and  also  a 
fondness  and  appreciative  taste  (for  literary  composition)."  7. 
Quumpraetextatus..esset.  "  When  Archias  was  still  a  youth," 
literally,  "  was  still  clothed  in  the  praetexta. "  8.  Sed  etlam  hoc, 
&c.  "  But  there  was,  moreover,  this  (degree)  not  only  of  genius 
and  learning  (in  him),  but  also  of  natural  excellence  and  moral  worth, 
that  the  (illustrious)  house  which  was  the  first  (to  receive)  him  in 
his  youth,  the  same  was  the  most  familiar  (and  friendly)  to  his  old 
age."  9.  LueuUos  vero  et  Drusum,  &c.  "  But  while  he  held  the  Lu- 
culli  and  Drusus  and  the  Octavii,  and  Cato  and  the  whole  house  of 
the  Hortensii  attached  to  him  by  familiar  intercourse  and  intimacy, 
he  was  (everywhere)  treated  with  the  greatest  distinction,  because 
not  only  those  sought  his  acquaintance  who  were  anxious  to  learn 
and  hear  something  (from  him),  but  also  those,  if  there  chanced  to 
be  any  such,  who  affected  to  have  such  a  desire." 

IV. 

1.  Quae  quum  esset  civitas,  &c.  "  Inasmuch  as  this  state  was  (on 
terms)  of  the  most  equal  privilege  and  confederation  (with  Rome), 
he  wished  himself  to  be  enrolled,  as  a  citizen,  in  that  state  :  and 
this  he  obtained  from  the  Heracleans,  both  because  he  was  thought 


254  ORATIO   PRO   A.   LICINIO   ARCHIA. — NOTES. 

to  be  worthy  (of  it)  on  his  own  account  and  also  through  the  (per- 
sonal) authority  and  influence  of  Lucullus."  2.  Data  est  civitas, 
&c.  "  Citizenship  was  conferred  by  the  law  of  Silanus  and  Carbo  : 
ip  any  persons  had  been  enrolled  in  conperated  states, 
if  at  the  time  the  law  was  passed  they  had  a  domicile  in 
Italy,  and  if  within  sixty  days  they  made  a  public  declara- 
tion before  the  Praetor.  3.  Si  nihil  aliud  nisi,  &c.  "  If  we 
are  to  speak  of  nothing  else  but  his  citizenship  (at  Heraclea)  and  the 
law  (just  mentioned),  I  have  no  more  to  say.  The  cause  is  pleaded." 
4.  Quid  enini  hoi'tim,  &c.  "  For  which  of  these  things  can  be  invali- 
dated, O  G- rati  us?  "  5,  Heracleaene  esse,  &c.  "Will  you  deny  that 
he  was  at  that  time  enrolled  (as  a  citizen)  at  Heraclea.  Adest  in,  &c. 
1 '  Here  is  a  man  of  the  highest  authority  and  probity  and  credit,  who 
says  that  he  does  not  conjecture,  but  knows,  that  he  has  not  heard, 
but  seen,  that  he  was  not  simply  present,  but  acted  (in  tho  transac- 
tion). Adsunt  Heraclienses,  &c.  "  Here  are  present  Heraclean  ambas- 
sadors," <&c.  6.  Hie  tu  tabulas,  &c.  "Here  you  ask  for  the* public 
records  of  Heraclea,  which  we  all  know  perished  in  the  Italian  war, 
when  the  public  edifice  of  the  archives  (of  Heraclea)  was  burnt."  7. 
Est  rUUetuum  ad  ea.  "It  is  absurd  to  say  nothing  with  regard  to 
the  things  which  we  have,  to  ask  (at  the  same  time)  what  we  can- 
not (possibly)  have,  and  to  be  silent  concerning  the  recollection  (and 
oral  testimony)  of  men,  to  demand  (in  the  same  breath)  the  attesta- 
tion of  written  documents  ;  and  when  you  have  the  integrity  of  a 
most  distinguished  man  and  the  oath  and  credit  of  a  most  upright 
municipality, — things  which  can  in  no  way  be  discredited,  to  reject 
(these)  and,  at  the  same  moment,  to  call  for  public  records,  which 
you  yourself  say  are  liable  to  be  tampered  with  (and  corrupted). 
8.  Immo  vero  iis  tabulis,  &c.  "  Yes  truly,  he  made  a  public  de- 
claration in  those  tables,  which  are  the  only  ones  relating  to  that 
declaration,  and  of  the  College  of  Praetors  (then  in  office),  that  pos- 
sess the  authority  of  public  records." 

V. 

1.  Nam  quum  Appii  tabulae,  &c.  "For  while  the  tables  of  Ap- 
pius  were  said  to  be  kept  too  carelessly,  the  disreputableness  of 
Galinius,  while  he  was  as  yet  uncondemned,  and  his  utter  ruin, 
after  his  condemnation,  took  away  all  credit  from  his  tables  ;  Me- 
tellus,  on  the  other  hand,  a  man  the  most  venerable  and  virtuous 
of  all  others,  was  of  such  carefulness  (in  his  official  duties)  that  he 
came  to  L.  Lentulus,  the  praetor  and  the  judges,  and  said  that  he  was 
much  disturbed  by  the  erasure  of  a  single  name."  2.  Etenim  quum 
mediocribus,  &c.  '*  For  when  to  many  persons  of  moderate  abilities 
and  endowed  with  either  no  professional  skill  or  (only)  with  some 
humble  (talent),  men  in  (Magna)  Graecia  communicated  freely  the 
privilege  of  citizenship,  I  am  to  believe,  that  the  inhabitants  of 
Rhegium,  or  Locri,  or  Neapolis,  or  Tarentum  were  unwilling  to  con- 
fer upon  this  man,  endowed  (as  he  is)  with  the  greatest  splendor  of 
genius,  that  (honor)  which  they  were  in  the  habit  of  lavishing  upon 
tha  ariasta  of  the  drama  (mere  stage-players)."     3.    Quid?  quum 


ORATIO   PRO   A.    LICINIO   ARC1IIA. — NOTES. 

cetcri,  &c.  "What!  when  others,  not  only  after  citizenship  was 
conferred  (by  the  law  of  Silvanus  and  Carbo  above  mentioned  but 
also  after  the  Papian  law  (that  expelled  foreigners  from  Rome),  in 
some  way  crept  into  the  tables  of  those  towns  (i.e.,  were  surrepti- 
tiously enrolled),  shall  this  man  be  rejected,  who  did  not  even  avail 
himself  of  those  (other)  (public  records)  in  which  he  was  enrolled, 
because  he  always  wished  himself  to  be  regarded  as  a  Heraclean." 
4.  Census  nostros  requiris,  &c.  "You  aak  for  our  census-lists. 
Doubtless !  For  it  is  an  unknown  thing,  (I  suppose, )  that  during 
the  last  census  this  man  was  with  the  army  with  the  illustrious 
commander  L.  Lucullus  ;  during  the  preceding  censors  he  was  in 
Asia,  with  the  same  person  as  Quaestor ;  during  the  period  of  the  first 
censors  (after  his  citizenship),  Julius  and  Crassus,  no  part  of  the 
people  was  enrolled."  5.  Scd  quoniam  census non,  &c.  "But  since 
the  census  does  not  establish  the  right  of  citizenship,  and  only  shows 
that  he,  who  is  registered,  conducted  himself  at  that  time  just  as 
if  he  were  a  citizen;  during  those  periods  (the  man),  whom  you 
charge  as  not  even  in  his  own  judgment  being  engaged  in  exercising 
the  privilege  of  Roman  citizens,  both  made  a  will  frequently  in  ac- 
cordance with  our  laws  and  succeeded  as  heir  to  the  estates  of 
Roman  citizens,  and  was  reported  to  the  treasury  by  L.  Lucullus,  the 
proconsul,  for  (special)  favors  (as  a  citizen)." 

VI. 

1.  Quia  sujypeditat  nobis,  &c.  "Because  he  supplies  to  us  (the 
literary  resources  and  treasures)  where  our  mind  can  be  refreshed 
from  this  forensic  tumult,  and  our  ears,  wearied  with  (the  din  of) 
wrangling,  can  find  repose."  2.  Ccteros  pudeat,  &c.  "  Let  others 
be  ashamed,  if  any  have  so  buried  themselves  in  literary  pursuits  as 
to  be  able  to  contribute  nothing  of  these  things  to  the  common  ad- 
vantage, nor  (even)  to  bring  forth  to  (public)  inspection  and  into  the 
light  "  (the  fruits  of  their  study).  "  But  why  should  I  be  ashamed, 
judges,  who  during  so  many  years  have  lived  in  such  a  way,  that 
never  from  any  one's  occasion  or  advantage  has  either  my  retire- 
ment withdrawn  me,  or  pleasure  called  me,  or  even  sleep  withheld 

me."      3.  Si  quantum  ceteris  ad  suas  res  obeundas concedi- 

tur  temporum.  "  If  as  much  time  as  is  given  by  others  to  attend- 
ing to  their  own  private  affairs,"    &c tantum  mild,   &o, 

"so  much  I  myself  shall  take  to  myself  for  reviewing  and  culti- 
vating these  studies."  4.  Atque  7ioc  adeo  mihi,  &c.  "  And  this  is 
so  much  the  more  to  be  conceded  to  me,  because  from  these  very 
studies,  this  talent  of  public  speaking  also  is  augmented ;  which, 
whatever  it  is  in  me,  was  never  wanting  to  the  critical  occasions  of 
my  friends."  5.  Quae  si  cui  levior,  &c.  "  If  this  (matter  of  public 
speaking)  seems  to  any  one  too  unimportant  (to  be  adduced  in  ar- 
gument), I  assuredly  know  from  what  fountain  I  derive  those  (in- 
centives and  principles)  whiqh  are  (in  point  of  fact)  of  the  highest 
moment.  For  had  I  not  persuaded  myself,  from  my  youth,  by  the 
precepts  of  many  (philosophers)  and  (an  acquaintance)  with  much 
literature  (and  reading)  that  there  was  nothing  in  life  to  be  greatly 


256  ORATIO   PRO    A.    LICINIO   ARCIIIA. — NOTES. 

sought  after,  but  (true)  distinction  and  integrity ;  that  in  acquiring 
these,  moreover,  all  sufferings  of  the  body,  all  perils  of  death  and 
exile  were  to  be  esteemed  of  little  account,  never  would  I  have  ex- 
posed myself  for  your  preservation  to  so  many  and  so  great  conflicts 
and  to  these  daily  attacks  of  unprincipled  men."  6.  Quae  jacerent 
in  tenebris,  &c.  "  Which  would  all  be  (buried)  in  darkness  were  not 
the  torch  of  literature  made  to  approach  (and  illuminate  them)." 

7.    Quam  mutton  nobis  imagines "How  many  (representations 

and)  models  of  very  brave  men"  ....  Expressas.  "Vividly  por- 
trayed."    8.  Animum  et  menten  meam conformabam.    "  Have 

moulded  (and  stimulated)  my  spirit  and  mind  by  the  bare  contem- 
plation itself  of  illustrious  men." 

VII. 

1.  Quaeret  quispiam,  &c.  "Some  one  will  ask:  What!  were 
those  distinguished  men,  whose  virtues  have  been  handed  down  in 
literary  remains,  themselves  instructed  in  that  learning  which  you 
(so  much)  exalt  with  your  praises  ?  It  is  difficult  to  allege  this 
(with  truth)  concerning  all ;  but  nevertheless  this  can  be  relied  upon, 
which  I  answer.  I  confess  that  there  have  been  many  men  of  dis- 
tinguished mind  and  merit,  and  that  these,  without  (the  advantage 
of)  learning,  by  an  almost  divine  constitution  of  nature  itself,  have 
of  themselves  turned  out  to  be  both  discreet  and  influential  (men). 
I  add  also  this  (farther)  concession,  that  natural  gifts  without  learn- 
ing oftener  avail  to  secure  distinction  and  merit,  than  learning 
without  natural  talent.  Still  I  also  maintain  this  (truth  with  equal 
assurance)  that  when  to  rare  and  distinguished  natural  gifts  there  is 
added  the  orderly  knowledge  and  moulding  influence  of  (true)  learn- 
ing, there  then  is  apt  to  take  place  an  indescribable  result  of  illus- 
trious and  extraordinary  merit."  2.  Hanc  animi  adversionem,  &c. 
"  You  should  regard  this  occupation  of  the  mind  as  tending  in  the 
highest  degree  to  refinement  and  liberality."  3.  Nam  ceterae  neque 
temporum,  &c.  "For  other  pursuits  (are  restricted  and)  do  not  be- 
long to  all  times,  ages  and  places  ;  but  these  studies  stimulate  youth, 
delight  old  age,  adorn  prosperity,  afford  a  refuge  and  solace  in  ad- 
versity ;  they  entertain  at  home,  are  no  obstacle  abroad,  are  with 
us  in  the  night  hours,  travel  with  us,  retreat  with  us  into  our  coun- 
try-retirement." 4.  Neque  sensu  nostro  gustare  possemus.  "And 
cannot  appreciate  them  by  any  perception  of  our  own." 

VIII. 

1.  Qui,  quum  esset  senex,  &c.  "Who,  although  he  died  an  old 
man,  nevertheless  on  account  of  his  extraordinary  skill  and  grace 
(as  an  actor)  seemed  as  if  he  ought  not  to  have  died  at  all.  He 
then  barely  by  the  movement  of  his  body  conciliated  so  much  affec- 
tion from  us  all ;  shall  we  undervalue  the  incredible  movements  of 
(distinguished)  minds,  the  (mental)  activity  of  extraordinary  ge- 
niuses? How  often  have  I  seen  this  Archias,  judges,  (for  I  will 
avail  myself  of  your  kind  indulgence,  since  you  so  strictly  attend  to 


ORATIO    PRO    A.    LICINIO    ARCIIIA. — NOTK8.  -»T 

me  in  this  new  description  of  pleading)  how  often  have  I  seen  liim, 
when  he  had  not  written  a  single  letter,  make  Ottmnpon  (and  on  the 
spur  of  tlic  moment)  agreat  number  of  very  excellent  verses  relating 
to  those  very  matters  that  were  then  transpiring  in  public  ■fflaim  ! 
Bow  often  on  being  recalled  (or  asked  to  repeat)  reproduce  the 
same  thing  with  an  entire  change  of  words  and  ideas !  but  with  re- 
gard to  what  he  wrote  carefully  and  with  (proper)  thought,  those 
things  I  have  seen  so  much  applauded  as  to  attain  to  the  distinction 
of  the  old  writers."  2.  C<i<  mrum  nn/m  stttdiu,  &c.  "The  success- 
ful pursuit  (ttudia  in  the  plural  has  this  import)  of  other  things 
depends  upon  learning  and  rules  and  art,  the  poet  (on  the  other 
hand)  is  powerful  by  (the  force  of)  nature  itself,  is  roused  by  the 
energies  of  his  own  mind  and,  as  it  were,  inspired  by  a  kind  of  di- 
vine afflatus."  'A.  Scmetot  ajrpeUat  poetas.  "  Calls  poets  sacred  or 
divine  personages."  4.  Saxa  et  solitudines,  &c.  "  Rocks  and  soli- 
tudes respond  to  the  (human)  voice ;  wild  beasts  often  turn  and 
stop  at  (the  melody  of)  song ;  shall  we  who  have  been  instructed 
in  the  most  excellent  things  (who  been  educated  by  the  best  intel- 
lectual training)  not  be  moved  with  the  utterance  of  poets  ?  The 
inhabitants  of  Colophon  declare  Homer  to  be  a  citizen  of  theirs, 
those  of  Chios  clai-n  him  as  theirs,  the  people  of  Salamis  make  the 
same  claim,  those  of  Smyrna  are  sure  that  he  is  theirs,  therefore 
also  they  have  dedicated  a  temple  to  him  in  their  town ;  very  many 
others  besides  strive  and  contend  among  themselves  (for  the  same 
honor)."     ' 

IX. 

1.  Ergo  iM  alienum,  <fcc.  "  They  then  seek  (to  honor)  a  stranger 
even  after  his  death,  because  he  was  a  poet ;  shall  we  reject  (the 
claims  of)  this  man,  though  a  living  man,  who  is  ours  both  by  his 
own  wish  and  by  the  laws  (of  the  land)."  2.  Nam  et  CimbHcas  res, 
iVe.  "  For  when  a  young  man  he  undertook  to  treat  in  verse  our 
Cimbrian  affairs,  and  was  agreeable  to  that  very  Caius  Marius  who 
seemed  too  severe  a  man  for  these  pursuits  (of  literature)."  3. 
Themistodem  Ulum,  &c.  "  They  say  that  Themistocles,  that  very 
celebrated  man  at  Athens,  when  the  inquiry  was  made  of  him,  what 
agreeable  sound  or  whose  voice  he  most  willingly  listened  to,  said, 
'  his  by  whom  his  own  merit  was  best  proclaimed.'  "  4.  Mithri- 
daticum  vero  bellum,  &c.  ' '  But  the  Mithridatic  war,  a  great  and. 
difficult  contest,  and  conducted  with  much  diversity  of  fortune  and 
events  by  land  and  sea,  was  described  throughout  by  this  man  ;  and' 
these  books,"  &c.  5.  Et  regiis  quondam  opibus  ....  vattatum. 
' '  Though  successfully  defended  formerly  by  the  resources  of  the 
King  and  by  the  very  nature  of  the  surrounding  country. "  6.  Non 
maxima  manu.  "  With  no  very  great  force."  7.  Nostra  semper 
feretur,  &c.  u  Ours  will  always  be  named,  and  proclaimed  as  (our- 
praise  and  distinction), — when  L.  Lucullus  fought  (as  commander), 
— the  sunken  fleet  of  the  enemy,  together  with  their  slain  leaders,  and 
that  incredible  naval  battle  at  Tenedos  ;  ours  are  the  trophies,  ours 
the  monuments,  ours  the  triumphs  ;  (let  it  not  be  forgotten,  how- 


258  OEATIO   PRO   A.    LICINIO    ARCHIA. — NOTES. 

ever,)  by  whosesoever  genius  these  things  are  extolled,  by  these  the 
fame  of  Roman  people  is  rendered  illustrious." 


1.  In  hoc  autem  legibus  constitutum,  &c.  "Determined  by  the 
laws,  however,  (to  be  a  citizen)  in  this  State. "  2.  Nam  si  quis  mi- 
nor em,  &c.  '*  For  if  any  one  supposes  that  a  less  harvest  of  glory 
is  enjoyed  from  Greek  verses  than  from  Latin,  he  greatly  errs,  be- 
cause that  Greek  productions  are  read  in  almost  all  nations,  Latin 
are  confined  within  their  own  boundaries,  which  truly  are  compara- 
tively small."  3.  Quare  sires  eae,  quas  gessimus,  &c.  "Where- 
fore if  those  exploits,  which  We  have  performed,  are  bounded  only 
by  the  limits  of  the  world,  we  ought  to  desire  that  whithersoever 
the  weapons  of  our  hands  have  reached,  thither  (also)  our  glory  and 
fame  should  penetrate  ;  because  both  for  the  people  themselves, 
concerning  whose  affairs  the  history  or  poem  is  written,  these  are 
glorious  recompenses,  and  to  those  also,  certainly,  who  fight  for 
glory  at  the  risk  of  their  life,  this  is  the  great  incitement  to  perils 
and  labors."  4.  Atqae  is  tamen  quum  in  Sigeo,  &c.  "  And  yet  he, 
when  he  stood  on  Sigeum,  near  the  tomb  of  Achilles,  said,  O  fortu- 
nate youth  to  find  (Lit.  who  hast  found)  a  Homer  as  the  herald  of 
thy  virtue."  5.  Et  cere  ;  nam,  nisi' 1  lias  ilia,  &c.  "  And  with  truth," 
this  was  said  ;  "  for  had.  not  that  Iliad  existed,  the  same  tomb  that 
had  covered  his  body  would  also  have  buried  his  name  "  in  oblivion. 
6.  Itaque  credo,  gi  ciris,  &c  l'  Therefore,  I  suppose,  if  Archias  had 
not  been  a  citizen  by  the  laws,  he  could  not  have  brought  it  to  pass 
that  he  should  be  presented  with  citizenship  by  some  military 
commandite."  7.  Sulla,  quum  Hispanos,  &c.  "  Sylla,  I  suppose, 
when  he  was  presenting  Spaniards  and  Gauls  with  citizenship,  would 
have  refused  this  man  asking"  (similar  honors,) — [the  same  Sylla] 
whom  we  know,  in  a  public  assembly,  when  a  bad  poet  of  the  com- 
mon people  had  interposed  a  petition  to  him,  because  he  had  made 
an  epigram  on  him,  and  with  the  alternate  verses  somewhat  longer 
than  the  others  (its  only  merit),  to  have  immediately  ordered  a  re- 
ward to  be  given  to  him  from  those  things  which  he  was  then 
selling,  but  on  the  condition  that  he  should  not  write  anything 
afterwards."  8.  Qui praesertim  usque  eo,  etc.  "Especially  as  he 
desired  that  a  history  of  his  affairs  should  be  written,  to  such  a  de- 
gree, that  even  to  poets  born  at  Cordova,  speaking  a  certain  dull 
and  barbarous  accent,  he  nevertheless  gave  a  hearing. " 

XI. 

1.  Sed  prae  nobis  ferendum.  "  But  to  be  kept  distinctly  in 
view."  2.  Trahimur  omnes  *tudio,  &c.  "  We  are  all  drawn  by  the 
love  of  praise,  and  each  best  man  (the  best  of  us)  is  very  much 
influenced  by  (the  desire  of)  distinction."  3.  In  eoAipso,  in  quo. 
' '  In  that  very  production,  in  which  they  pour  contempt  on  dis- 
tinction and  celebrity,  they  wish  mention  to  be  made  of  themselves 
and  their  names  to  be  recorded."  4.  Quare,  in_.t  qica  urbe  impera- 
tores.  &C.     ' '  Wherefore,  in  that  city  in  which  commanders  almost 


ORATIO    PRO    A.    LICINIO    ARCHIA. — NOTES.  259 

literally  clad  in  Ulnar,  reverenced  the  name  of  the  poets  ami  the 
shrines  of  the  Muses,  judges,  clothed  in  the  garments  of  peace,  ought 
not  to  be  averse  to  the  honor  of  the  Muses  and  the  protection  of 
poets."  5.  Ndm  qWMtto  not  in  coitsi'httit,  vtc.  "For  the  affaire 
which  we  conducted  in  our  consulship  in  conjunction  with  you  for 
the  safety  of  this  city  and  empire  and  for  the  life  of  the  citi/cus 
and  for  the  whole  republic,  this  man  attempted  to  celebrate  in  vene 
and  made  a  beginning  ;  these  lines  being  heard,  because  the  thing 
seemed  to  me  important  and  pleasing,  I  supplied  him  with  materials 
to  complete  (the  poem)."  6.  Qua  quidem  detracta,  judices,  &o. 
"  If  this  be  taken  away  from  us,  judges,  what  is  there  that  should 
induce  us,  in  this  so  limited  and  so  brief  race-course  of  life,  to  exert 
ourselves  in  so  great  labors.  Certainly  if  the  mind  anticipates  noth- 
ing in  the  future,  and  if  in  the  narrow  limits  in  which  the  space  of 
our  natural  life  is  circumscribed,  it  terminates  all  its  thoughts  (and 
consciousness),  it  would  not  be  inclined  to  crush  itself  with  such 
labors  or  be  tortured  with  so  many  cares  and  vigils,  nor  so  often  con- 
tend for  very  life  itself."  7.  Nunc  insidet  guaedam  in  optima,  Arc. 
1  *  Now  there  is  implanted  in  each  truly  good  man  a  certain  princi- 
ple of  virtue  which  night  and  day  rouses  his  mind  by  the  incite- 
ments of  glory,  and  admonishes  us  that  the  memory  of  our  name 
is  not  to  be  dismissed  with  the  (brief)  time  of  our  life,  but  to  be 
equalled  in  duration  with  all  coming  posterity." 

XII. 

1.  Au  vero  tarn  parti  animi,  &c.  u  Do  we  all  seem  to  be  of  so 
limited  capacity  of  mind  (and  being),  we,  who  are  occupied  in  (the 
affairs  of)  the  republic  and  in  these  perils  and  labors  of  life,  that, 
when  even  to  the  extreme  limit  (of  our  earthly  existence)  we  shall 
have  drawn  not  one  tranquil  and  peaceful  breath,  we  are  to  judge 
that  alt  things  will  die  together  with  us. "  2.  An  statuas  et  im- 
agines, non,  &c.  "  Have  many  very  distinguished  men  been  care- 
ful to  leave  behind  them  statues  and  images,  not  the  likenesses  of 
their  minds,  but  of  their  bodies,  and  ought  not  we  much  to  prefer  to 
leave  behind  a  representation  of  our  counsels  and  virtues,  delineated 
and  finished  by  the  greatest  geniuses  ?  I,  indeed,  with  regard  to 
all  things  which  I  did  (in  my  public  administration),  even  at  the 
time  and  in  the  act  of  doing  them,  supposed  that  I  was  scattering 
and  disseminating  myself,  as  it  were,  into  the  (thoughts  and)  per- 
petual remembrance  of  the  whole  world.  Whether  this  remembrance 
indeed  will  be  absent  from  my  consciousness  after  death,  or,  as 
very  wise  men  have  thought,  will  cling  to  some  part  of  my  mind, 
now  certainly  at  least  I  am  delighted  with  some  thought  and 
hope"  (of  such  a  perpetual  remembrance).  3,  Quare  conservate 
judices,  &c.  "  Wherefore,  preserve,  judges,  a  man  of  such  mod- 
esty and  virtue,  as  you  see  to  be  accredited  both  by  the  dignity  and 
also  the  long- continued  attachment  of  his  friends,  of  such  genius 
moreover,'  as  it  is  fit  that  should  be  esteemed,  which  you  see  to  be 
sought  after  by  the  minds  of  very  distinguished  me  i,  in  a  cause  of 
such  a  character  as  to  be  established  by  the  favor  of  the  law,  the 


260  ORATIO    VRO   A.    LICINIO    ARCHIA. NOTES. 

authority  of  a  municipal  town,  the  testimony  of  Lucullus,  the 
(unimpeachable)  tables  of  Metellus.  4.  Petimus  a  vobis  judices,  &c. 
'*  We  ask  from  you,  judges,  if  there  ought  to  be  some  indulgence 
and  favor  not  only  from  men,  but  also  from  a  divine  source,  in  the 
case  of  so  great  geniuses — that  this  man,  who  has  always  extolled 
you  and  your  commanders  and  embellished  the  exploits  of  the  Ro- 
man people,  who  also  in  these  recent  perils  of  mine  and  your  domestic 
dangers,  promises  that  he  will  give  an  enduring  testimony  of  praise 
— and  he  is  of  that  number,  too,  who  have  always  been  held  sacred 
by  all  and  designated  as  such — [him]  you  would  so  receive  into 
your  confidence,  that  he  may  appear  rather  to  have  been  rescued  by 
your  kindness,  than  to  have  been  injured  by  your  severity.  What  I 
have  spoken  in  the  cause,  according  to  my  custom,  with  brevity  and 
directness,  I  trust,  judges,  has  been  approved  by  you  all ;  what  I 
have  said  not  in  accordance  with  the  usage  of  the  forum  and  a  pub- 
lic trial,  relating  both  to  the  genius  of  this  man  and  his  avocation 
in  general,  (as  a  poet),  towards  himself,  these  things,  judges,  I 
hope  will  be  accepted  by  you  in  good  part ;  by  him  who  acts  as 
presiding  judge  in  the  cause,  I  certainly  know "  (they  will  be  so 
accepted). 


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